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Open research questions in Oral and gingival health research

60 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 708 Oral and gingival health research papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The exact mechanisms of action of proinflammatory cytokines in BBB dysfunction are not well understood. There is a need for a better understanding of the structure and function of the BBB and its interaction with proinflammatory cytokines. The paper highlights the gap in knowledge on the role of individual cytokines in BBB disruption.

    Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in BBB Dysfunction · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a need to analyze the trend of disease burden for complete edentulism in Chinese adults between 1990 and 2030. There is a lack of studies that use an ARIMA model to predict the trend of disease burden for complete edentulism.

    Projecting trends in the disease burden of adult edentulism in China between 2020 and 2030: a systematic study based on the global burden of disease · 2024 · DOI

  • Investigating the epidemiological distribution of complete edentulism. Analyzing the trends of disease burden associated with complete edentulism.

    Projecting trends in the disease burden of adult edentulism in China between 2020 and 2030: a systematic study based on the global burden of disease · 2024 · DOI

  • However, the pathomechanism of structural and functional changes in the BBB under the influence of individual cytokines is still poorly understood.

    Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in BBB Dysfunction · 2025 · DOI

  • The paper notes that the use of GMSCs and their exosomes is still in the early stages of research. The paper discusses the challenges associated with the use of GMSCs and their exosomes, including the need for further research on their safety and efficacy.

    Gingival mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Therapeutic potential and challenges in autoimmune disorders · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further research on the safety and efficacy of GMSCs and their exosomes. There is a need for further research on the potential applications of GMSCs and their exosomes in the treatment of various autoimmune disorders.

    Gingival mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Therapeutic potential and challenges in autoimmune disorders · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnosis of nodules can be challenging due to the lack of specific symptoms. The treatment of nodules requires a personalized approach. The prevention of nodules is crucial to avoid complications.

    Tratamiento de un nódulo tras relleno de labios. Caso clínico · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of an ultrasound study to support the diagnosis and verify the location of the injections of hialuronidasa is a limitation. The study only presents a single case, which may not be representative of all cases.

    Tratamiento de un nódulo tras relleno de labios. Caso clínico · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited significance ascribed to nutritional and structural deviations in the gums, - The lack of semiotic or pathogenic insight regarding gingival pathology in standard medical textbooks

    “On the Causal Relationship of Gingivitis with Other Diseases”. Original title in Polish: „O związku przyczynowym zapalenia dziąseł z innemi chorobami” by dr Teofil W. Kaczorowski (1830-1889) · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the long-term effects of using gingival crevicular blood for glucose measurement. Developing a new diagnostic tool for diabetes based on the study's findings. Exploring the use of gingival crevicular blood for glucose measurement in other patient populations.

    Técnica no invasiva para la medición de glucosa sanguínea en pacientes periodontales · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a non-invasive method for measuring glucose levels in patients with periodontal disease. The lack of a reliable and feasible tool for hyperglycemic screening in patients with periodontal disease.

    Técnica no invasiva para la medición de glucosa sanguínea en pacientes periodontales · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of consistency in the use of case definitions hinders interpretation and comparison of prevalence and incidence estimates. The absence of established 'normal' baseline probing depths for various age groups complicates interpretation.

    Gingival and periodontal diseases and conditions in children and adolescents: consensus report · 2026 · DOI

  • The review is limited by the small number of studies included. The included studies demonstrated an overall moderate-to-high risk of bias. The review highlights the need for further research on Jones syndrome.

    Jones Syndrome: a systematic literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The literature still provides limited clinical and genetic information on Jones syndrome. There is a need for further research on the pathogenetic mechanisms of Jones syndrome. The review highlights the need for more studies on the diagnostic accuracy of genetic testing for Jones syndrome.

    Jones Syndrome: a systematic literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • under-reporting of adverse drug reactions - difficulty in determining the precise cause of gingival overgrowth - need for additional training and information programs to reduce the number of unknown and undetectable cases

    Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: evaluation of an online survey · 2026 · DOI

  • lack of awareness of possible triggers and appropriate therapy for drug-induced gingival overgrowth - under-reporting of adverse drug reactions - need for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced gingival overgrowth

    Drug-induced gingival overgrowth: evaluation of an online survey · 2026 · DOI

  • The multifactorial etiology of excessive gingival display requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary management approach. There is a need for a sequential interdisciplinary approach to address the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft-tissue factors contributing to excessive gingival display.

    Interdisciplinary Management of Severe Excessive Gingival Display: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • La necesidad de una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el tratamiento del mucocele oral. La falta de comparación entre las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento.

    Abordajes terapéuticos para el mucocele oral: Una revisión sistemática de la literatura · 2026 · DOI

  • The precise mechanism by which azithromycin treats gingival hyperplasia is unclear. Recurrence of gingival hyperplasia is likely if cyclosporine is not discontinued or maintained with treatment. Tooth and gum discoloration may occur with chlorhexidine use.

    Conservative Approach to Treatment of Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia With Azithromycin and Chlorhexidine · 2024 · DOI

  • The pathophysiology of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia is incompletely understood. There is a need for a conservative approach to managing cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia. Current treatment options for cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia are limited.

    Conservative Approach to Treatment of Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia With Azithromycin and Chlorhexidine · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a need to study the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the marginal periodontium in patients with Turner syndrome. Prior studies have not investigated the potential connections between Turner syndrome and periodontal disease.

    Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the marginal periodontium in patients with Turner syndrome · 2021 · DOI

  • The text is incomplete and cuts off mid-sentence regarding treatment with recombinant growth hormone (rGH), suggesting missing discussion of how such treatments may affect periodontal outcomes in TS patients.

    Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the marginal periodontium in patients with Turner syndrome · 2021 · DOI

  • This paper reports the first two cases of VPS45-associated SCN5 in Saudi Arabia and describes the treatment approaches for periodontal disease as a manifestation of that disorder since the existing dental literature is lacking sufficient information on the management of those kinds of patients.

    Periodontal Disease in Two Siblings with VPS45-associated Severe Congenital Neutropenia Type V: A Case Report · 2020 · DOI

  • Xerostomia is a common problem in the elderly. The reliability of a questionnaire to detect objective xerostomia is limited. There is a need to develop strategies for preventing and treating xerostomia.

    Xerostomia in the Elderly: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Complications and Treatment1 · 1985 · DOI

  • The reliability of a questionnaire to detect objective xerostomia is limited. The study only evaluated the prevalence of xerostomia in a specific population.

    Xerostomia in the Elderly: Prevalence, Diagnosis, Complications and Treatment1 · 1985 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Oral and gingival health research

Most recent work

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60 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 708 Oral and gingival health research papers in our 4.5M-paper local library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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