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Open research questions in Physical Education and Pedagogy

1,094 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 6,096 Physical Education and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • geographical constraints, - interviewee preferences, - the COVID-19 lockdown policy in China, - limited research on QPE within non-Western areas, particularly in China

    Developing a model of quality physical education in the Chinese context: a grounded theory investigation of secondary school physical education teachers’ perceptions · 2025 · DOI

  • further research is needed to develop QPE strategies and practices tailored to China's specific context, - investigation of the impact of QPE on adolescents' physical health, - exploration of community-based sports resources and their role in promoting a culture of active living

    Developing a model of quality physical education in the Chinese context: a grounded theory investigation of secondary school physical education teachers’ perceptions · 2025 · DOI

  • The study faced limitations of time and resources in the actual research process. The exclusion criteria for invalid questionnaires included incomplete provision of personal basic information and selection of options lacking logical coherence.

    The impact of multiple supports on university students’ physical education learning motivation: a dual analysis based on SEM and fsQCA · 2025 · DOI

  • The development process and implementation challenges of the program. The time-consuming and extensive nature of the IM process. The need for stakeholder involvement and legitimation of program contents.

    Strengthening social skills: developing a social competence intervention for physical education using intervention mapping—protocol paper · 2025 · DOI

  • extensions to different situational contexts, - specific need groups, such as classes with a history of bullying or psychological conditions

    Strengthening social skills: developing a social competence intervention for physical education using intervention mapping—protocol paper · 2025 · DOI

  • OBJECTIVE: Physical education (PE) plays a vital role in promoting students' physical activity (PA), yet the impact of achievement emotions in PE remains underexplored, particularly regarding their dynamic influence and mediating mechanisms.

    From emotions to action: unraveling the influence of achievement emotions in physical education on university students’ physical activity through cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • To date, few studies have explored PE teachers’ perceptions and teaching practices regarding this aspect of the PE curriculum.

    Teachers’ perceptions and self-reported practices regarding teaching personal and social skills in primary physical education: A survey study · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should explore how PE teachers in other countries perceive and address these goals.

    Teachers’ perceptions and self-reported practices regarding teaching personal and social skills in primary physical education: A survey study · 2026 · DOI

  • Although numerous studies have documented associations between perceived organisational support and work engagement, the potential explanatory processes involving role stress and surface-acting remain insufficiently examined.

    Associations between organisational support, surface-acting, role stress, and physical education teachers’ work engagement: Moderated mediation and latent profile analyses · 2025 · DOI

  • However, limited research has examined the psychological mechanisms that foster the development of professional identity in this population.

    How self-efficacy shapes professional identity: the mediating role of meaning in life and self-esteem in pre-service physical education teachers · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of blended learning in physical education, involving larger and more diverse samples to validate these findings.

    Effects of blended learning in physical education on university students’ exercise attitudes and basketball skills: a cluster randomized controlled trial · 2024 · DOI

  • Compared with physical education teachers' perspectives, sports coaches' competence development has rarely been studied.

    Using the grounded theory to develop the theoretical model of Chinese school sports coaching competence · 2024 · DOI

  • The original article lacks information on ethical approval, informed consent, and data availability. The addendum aims to address this gap and enhance transparency.

    Addendum: Improving learning performance in physical education through video-based presentations (VBP) approach · 2026 · DOI

  • Role ambiguity in early teaching experiences - Limited understanding of how to enact the role of a physical education teacher - Difficulty in evaluating teaching strategies

    Between the school and the screen: how digital informal learning shapes Chinese novice physical education teachers' identity · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a small sample size of 25 participants. The study was limited to novice physical education teachers in China.

    Between the school and the screen: how digital informal learning shapes Chinese novice physical education teachers' identity · 2026 · DOI

  • Declining student participation and competing academic priorities in physical education. Limited language-specific AI tools for vernacular misinformation. Concentration of advertising revenue in large national outlets.

    Contemporary perspectives in social science commerce and physical education: Issues, Challenges and Future Direction · 2026 · DOI

  • Integrating technology in physical education. Promoting inclusive and flexible curricula in physical education. Strengthening policy support to enhance engagement and effectiveness.

    Contemporary perspectives in social science commerce and physical education: Issues, Challenges and Future Direction · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of smarter environments, intelligent virtual coaches, and more sophisticated data analysis tools. The refinement of in-person instruction and online and remote physical education programs.

    A Study on Innovations and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Physical Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for more effective, adaptive, and accessible physical education methods. The potential of AI to transform physical education.

    A Study on Innovations and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Physical Education · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of empirical comparative studies on SACE implementation in Physical Education. The study addresses this gap by exploring the implementation dynamics and learning outcome impacts of the SACE curriculum in Physical Education.

    Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) Curriculum in Physical Education: Impacts on Student Learning Outcomes in Indonesia and Australia · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations of this study warrant acknowledgment. First, the purposive sampling strategy, while appropriate for an exploratory comparative study, limits the generalizability of quantitative findings. The small sample sizes—particularly three teachers per site—reduce the statistical power of between-group comparisons, and future research should employ larger probability samples to strengthen inferential validity. Second, the cross-sectional design precludes causal attribution of improved student learning outcomes to SACE implementation per se, as confounding variables (teacher experience, parental socioeconomic status, school resources) were not fully controlled. A longitudinal cohort design tracking pre- and post-SACE learning outcomes over multiple academic years is recommended for future inquiry. Third, the reliance on self-report questionnaire data for student engagement and teacher implementation fidelity introduces social desirability bias; future studies should supplement these with objective performance measures (e.g., standardized PE competency assessments). Finally, the SWOT analysis, while rigorously executed within the Rangkuti (2014) framework, remains a qualitative-to-quantitative conversion that is susceptible to subjectivity in factor weighting.

    Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) Curriculum in Physical Education: Impacts on Student Learning Outcomes in Indonesia and Australia · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should examine the effectiveness of AI-based systems in physical education. Research is needed to explore the potential of AI to support personalized learning and assessment in physical education. Studies should investigate the use of AI in physical education in different contexts and settings.

    Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education: A Systematic Review of Personalized Learning, Assessment, and Performance Analytics · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a systematic review of the application of AI in physical education. Prior studies have explored the use of AI in education, but there is a gap in the literature on its application in physical education.

    Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education: A Systematic Review of Personalized Learning, Assessment, and Performance Analytics · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between the current generation of students and the conservative teaching methods. The need for physical education to be adapted to the needs of the current generation of students.

    INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ABILITIES THROUGH PHYSICAL EDUCATION · 2026 · DOI

  • The total population was limited to 31 teachers. The study only focused on public senior high schools in Bantul Regency.

    Enhancing School Health Program Effectiveness: The Strategic Role of Physical Education, Sports, and Health Teachers in Senior High Schools · 2026 · DOI

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1,094 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 6,096 Physical Education and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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