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Open research questions in Problem and Project Based Learning

360 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 4,162 Problem and Project Based Learning papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Encouraging student autonomy and voice in PBL. Addressing the limited effect of PBL on agentic engagement. Implementing PBL effectively in EFL classrooms to foster deeper engagement.

    Investigating EFL students’ engagement in project-based speaking activities: from a multi-dimensional perspective · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigating the long-term effects of PBL on student engagement, - Exploring the impact of PBL on student engagement in different educational settings

    Investigating EFL students’ engagement in project-based speaking activities: from a multi-dimensional perspective · 2025 · DOI

  • The study identifies challenges associated with the implementation of PBL, - The research notes the importance of ensuring comparability between the PBL and control groups, - The study highlights the need for careful consideration of baseline physics knowledge and its potential confounding effect

    The impact of project-based learning on university physics education: enhancing cognitive skills and core competencies · 2025 · DOI

  • The study aims to address the gap in the literature on the effectiveness of PBL in university physics education, - The research seeks to explore the impact of PBL on students' conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and engagement

    The impact of project-based learning on university physics education: enhancing cognitive skills and core competencies · 2025 · DOI

  • Currently, few studies have explored the effects of this change on relationships and skills in case-based learning, and our study aimed to explore the impact of the virtual curriculum on future physicians' interpersonal development and learning preferences.

    Comparing the impact of online and in-person active learning in preclinical medical education · 2025 · DOI

  • By bridging the gap in understanding the impact of self-assessment on SRL within PBL, this research not only contributes valuable insights but also informs the design of effective educational interventions.

    Investigating the role of self-assessment in enhancing self-regulated learning amongst medical students in problem-based learning · 2025 · DOI

  • While self-assessment is known to promote SRL, its effectiveness within PBL tutorials, especially for new medical students, remains underexplored.

    Investigating the role of self-assessment in enhancing self-regulated learning amongst medical students in problem-based learning · 2025 · DOI

  • Future studies employing randomised designs and longitudinal follow-up are warranted to confirm these effects and guide best practice implementation.

    Application of project-based and simulation-based approaches in medical curriculum · 2025 · DOI

  • Team-based learning (TBL) has shown promise in promoting engagement and collaborative problem solving; however, its long-term effectiveness in relation to online platforms, especially in emergency nursing education, remains underexplored.

    Enhancing academic engagement through online team-based learning: a longitudinal study in nursing education · 2025 · DOI

  • However, as TBL had a double the student to teacher ratio as compared with SIL, in settings where teachers are scarce and suitable rooms are available for TBL sessions, the method may be beneficial in reducing faculty workload without compromising students' learning outcomes.

    The outcomes of team‐based learning vs small group interactive learning in the obstetrics and gynecology course for undergraduate students · 2024 · DOI

  • However, its superiority over conventional learning methods used in clinical years of medical school remains unclear.

    The outcomes of team‐based learning vs small group interactive learning in the obstetrics and gynecology course for undergraduate students · 2024 · DOI

  • Traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) often struggles to address this complexity, whereas newer methods, such as flipped classrooms and problem-based learning, yield mixed results, particularly in pre-clinical contexts, owing to students’ limited experience.

    Blended learning in nursing pharmacology: elevating cognitive skills, engagement and academic outcomes · 2024 · DOI

  • Insufficient evidence exists to draw robust conclusions when comparing TBL with other active learning methods.

    Team-based learning in health professions education: an umbrella review · 2024 · DOI

  • However, its use in clinical disciplines is rarely reported, and the impact of its implementation is not known.

    Team-based learning (TBL) in clinical disciplines for undergraduate medical students—a scoping review · 2024 · DOI

  • Given that there is currently no standardized program for the training of new nurses in China, we investigated the effectiveness of the bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary model combined with case-based learning ((BOPPPS-CBL) for the standardized training of new nurses.

    Assessment of the effectiveness of the BOPPPS model combined with case-based learning on nursing residency education for newly recruited nurses in China: a mixed methods study · 2024 · DOI

  • Studies on barriers to the implementation of problem-based learning in Ethiopia are scarce.

    Barriers to implementing problem-based learning at the school of medicine of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia · 2024 · DOI

  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Lack of both tutor and student commitment, lack of standardized cases, absence of a recognition of staff input, gap in communication skills, work overload, lack of continuous training, and at-spot evaluation of students were identified as the main barriers to the implementation of PBL.

    Barriers to implementing problem-based learning at the school of medicine of Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia · 2024 · DOI

  • Few studies have been conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate medical students' perceptions of these approaches.

    Perceptions of medical students at Najran University on the effectiveness of problem-based learning and team-based learning · 2024 · DOI

  • The extent to which this variation affects the benefits of TBL is not well understood.

    Improving learning experience through implementing standardized team-based learning process in undergraduate medical education · 2024 · DOI

  • However, implementing O2O combined with PBL has not been extensively explored in nephrology residency training.

    Online-to-offline combined with problem-based learning is an effective teaching modality in the standardized residency training of nephrology · 2024 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature regarding the integration of mathematics in STEM education. The gap is characterised by the marginalisation of mathematics in integrated STEM education.

    ‘KEEP IT HOT’ Module: Integrating STEM with Mathematics as the Core Focus through Problem-Based Learning and the Engineering Design Process · 2026 · DOI

  • Recent scholarship argues for clearer articulation of the function mathematics serves in STEM tasks and for designs that maintain conceptual coherence and assessable mathematical engagement.

    ‘KEEP IT HOT’ Module: Integrating STEM with Mathematics as the Core Focus through Problem-Based Learning and the Engineering Design Process · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the effect of Problem-Based Learning Strategy on students' interest and achievement in mechanics. There is a lack of studies on the impact of Problem-Based Learning on physics education.

    Impact of Problem-Based Learning On Interest and Achievement in Mechanics Among Senior Secondary Physics Students in Fct, Abuja · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further rigorous and standardized investigations to clarify the sustained educational impact of PBL. The current literature is limited by its methodological quality and heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures.

    Problem-based learning in traditional Chinese medicine education: current applications and future directions · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for effective teaching methods in Medical Laboratory Science education. The importance of improving students' critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration skills.

    Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model in Teaching Medical Laboratory Science at University of Hawaiʻi · 2026 · DOI

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360 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 4,162 Problem and Project Based Learning papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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