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Open research questions in Public-Private Partnership Projects

176 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,345 Public-Private Partnership Projects papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study used secondary data, - The data bank falls short regarding the reporting of small projects that involve domestic sponsors, - The sample frame was limited to 25 data points, - The study was a single-country analysis

    Framework Model for Financing Sustainable Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Zimbabwe · 2024 · DOI

  • Further studies can explore the application of the developed framework in other developing countries, - Research can investigate the impact of the framework on the financing of water and sanitation PPP projects, - Studies can examine the role of other variables in driving the financing of water and sanitation PPP projects

    Framework Model for Financing Sustainable Water and Sanitation Infrastructure in Zimbabwe · 2024 · DOI

  • While quantitative risk assessment methods have received significant attention in the PPP literature, qualitative risk assessment, the sector’s predominant preference, remains underexplored, causing a low level of applicability of academic studies and indicating a noticeable research gap.

    Riesgo: A Knowledge-Based Qualitative Risk Assessment System for PPP Projects · 2024 · DOI

  • The study acknowledges the challenge of infrastructure investment gaps in developing countries. The paper recognizes the risk of inappropriate PPP projects being adopted in EU candidate countries.

    Determinants of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure across EU-Candidate Countries: An Empirical Assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of PPP adoption in EU candidate countries. The paper recognizes the need for empirical analysis of the determinants of PPP adoption in developing countries.

    Determinants of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure across EU-Candidate Countries: An Empirical Assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between fiscal intention and physical realization in education infrastructure. The lack of understanding of the structural and institutional constraints in capital budget utilization.

    From Appropriation to Delivery: Structural and Institutional Constraints in Capital Budget Utilization for Educational Infrastructure in Zimbabwe · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the fiscal consequences of debt-financed infrastructure projects in developing countries. The research highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of the political economy and fiscal implications of large-scale infrastructure projects.

    Political Economic Dilemma in Infrastructure Funding: The Impact of The Whoosh Project Debt on State Finances · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the prerequisites for successful partnerships. The paper highlights the need for a qualitative research approach to study collaboration in local government service delivery.

    Choosing the right type of collaboration in improving service delivery: The local government sphere in South Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies challenges in analyzing the complex relationship between the Turkish state and capital owners, - The paper highlights the need to consider sectoral differences in the study of capital owners, - The analysis is complicated by the shifting priorities of the Turkish state

    State and capital relations during the rule of the Justice and Development Party: journalistic and academic accounts interweaved · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the existing literature on the Turkish state's relationship with domestic and foreign capital owners, - The paper highlights the need for a comprehensive analysis of the changes in state policies and regulations since 2002

    State and capital relations during the rule of the Justice and Development Party: journalistic and academic accounts interweaved · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing scholarship offers limited insight into how policies address capacity enhancement within the public sector. There is a gap in evaluating institutional coherence and adaptive capability over time.

    Framing Public Sector Capacity For Effective Public-Private Partnerships In Malaysia: A Typological Assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the determinants of Public Investment Management and their impact on its effectiveness. The literature highlights the importance of public investments, but there is a need for a systematic analysis of the factors that influence their success.

    Catalyzing Growth: The Strategic Factors and Levers Behind Public Investment Management · 2026 · DOI

  • The issues surrounding risk allocation mechanisms, legal frameworks, and the adaptation of the best international practices remain inadequately explored. There is a need for evidence-based insights for policymakers in transitional economies.

    Public–Private Partnership Mechanisms in Financing Smart City Projects · 2026 · DOI

  • https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2024/ 12/un_smart_city_outlook.pdf Voorwinden, A., van Bueren, E., & Verhoef, L. (2023). Experimenting with collaboration in the smart city: Legal and governance structures of urban living labs. Government Information Quarterly, 40(4), 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101875 Wolniak, R., Gajdzik, B., Grebski, M., Danel, R., & Grebski, W. W. (2024). Business Models Used in Smart Cities - Theoretical Approach with Examples of Smart Cities. Smart Cities, 7(4), 1626- 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7040065 Xu, J., & Wudi, X. (2024). Financing sustainable smart city projects: Public-private partnerships and green bonds. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 64, 103699.

    Public–Private Partnership Mechanisms in Financing Smart City Projects · 2026 · DOI

  • The problem of infrastructure financing in the United States continues to be structural and worsening. There is a gap of US$ 3.7 trillion needed over the coming decade to restore all 18 infrastructure sectors to good condition.

    Do Project Finance Advisors Influence Real Economic Outcomes? Causal Evidence from U.S. Infrastructure and Renewable Energy Projects · 2026 · DOI

  • The problem of infrastructure financing in the United States continues to be structural and worsening. There is a gap in the literature on the causal influence of project finance advisors on real economic outcomes.

    Do Project Finance Advisors Influence Real Economic Outcomes? Causal Evidence from U.S. Infrastructure and Renewable Energy Projects · 2026 · DOI

  • Lock-in problem in long-term relationships. Difficulty in finding a new appropriate private partner. Limited number of private companies with sewerage technologies.

    Can public–private partnership bring benefits in shrinking public services? An empirical analysis of the lock-in effect versus cost-reducing effect · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the analysis of the lock-in effect of COCs. The study aims to fill this gap by investigating the cost reduction effect and lock-in effect of COCs in Japan's sewerage industry.

    Can public–private partnership bring benefits in shrinking public services? An empirical analysis of the lock-in effect versus cost-reducing effect · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identified thirteen major implementation issues and sixteen key challenges. The research highlighted the need for policy reforms, institutional strengthening, and innovation-driven hybrid PPP models. The study suggested that addressing these limitations is crucial for the success of PPP projects.

    Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships: An Effective Approach to National Development for accelerating Growth in Developing Countries · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should focus on addressing the limitations and challenges identified in the study. The research highlights the need for further studies on the effectiveness of PPPs in different contexts and sectors. The study suggests that future research should explore the potential of innovation-driven hybrid PPP models.

    Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships: An Effective Approach to National Development for accelerating Growth in Developing Countries · 2026 · DOI

  • Delays in determining the railway route. Lack of understanding of the PPP concept. Political interference.

    Risk Identification Of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Project In Railway Sector Makassar–Parepare Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective risk management in PPP projects in the railway sector. The need for a comprehensive review of the risks associated with PPP projects.

    Risk Identification Of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Project In Railway Sector Makassar–Parepare Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • ABSTRACT Institutional distance shapes how private partners participate in cross‐country public–private partnership (PPP) projects, yet its effects remain underexplored.

    Navigating Institutional Distance: How Private Partners Accumulate Network Positional Advantages in Cross‐Country Public–Private Partnership Projects · 2026 · DOI

  • One understudied aspect which complicates renegotiations but is important in terms of understanding how perceptions around governance issues contribute to renegotiation delays and outcomes is the intra‐partnership tensions which can arise between different partners with different objectives making up the private sector consortium.

    Governance and Renegotiation in Public‐Private Partnerships During Crises: An Examination of the Resulting Tensions in a Private Partner Consortium · 2025 · DOI

  • While extant literature often focuses on the interests of either responsible stakeholders or impacted stakeholders, this study addresses the critical but underexplored dynamics involving the wide arrangement of responsible, impacted, and interested stakeholders encompassing diverse groups, such as local communities, interest groups, advisors, local governments, users, and debt providers, who interact and shape project outcomes.

    Stakeholder Dynamics: Rethinking Roles and Responsibilities in User-Pay Transport PPP Projects · 2024 · DOI

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176 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,345 Public-Private Partnership Projects papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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