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Open research questions in Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

265 gap statements mined from Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,781 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The size of exotic hadrons is not well-studied. There is a lack of theoretical and experimental understanding of the radius parameters of tetraquarks and pentaquarks. The properties of exotic particles, such as their compactness, are not well-understood.

    Radii of Exotic Hadrons and On Some Properties of the Exotic Particles · 2026 · DOI

  • Lack of detailed QCD studies in e+e-collisions at low center-of-mass energies √s ≈ 20-80 GeV. Need for large event samples for QCD analyses.

    Physics case for low-$\sqrt{s}$ QCD studies at FCC-ee · 2026 · DOI

  • Dedicated studies are required to investigate the achievable luminosity at √s = 40 GeV and 60 GeV using realistic FCC-ee beam parameters without further modifications to the baseline Z-pole machine configuration. The current parametric simulations need validation against detailed lattice and beam dynamics calculations to confirm the 1-month operation timeline for collecting O(10⁹) HFS events.

    Physics case for low-$\sqrt{s}$ QCD studies at FCC-ee · 2026 · DOI

  • The current understanding of subatomic decay is based on probabilistic principles. The IFD framework challenges this understanding by proposing a deterministic mechanism.

    Deterministic Decay of Exotic Hadrons: A Phase-Vector Analysis of Mass Synchronization and Geometric Equilibrium · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a transparent analytical computation of the isospin symmetry breaking effect on the QCD axion mass. The lack of introduction of an isospin symmetry violating condensate component in previous models.

    Isospin symmetry breaking and the mass of the QCD axion in a three-flavor linear sigma model · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to 1+1-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory with dynamical fermions. The emergence of random matrix behavior is observed, but the study does not provide a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The study uses exact diagonalization, which may not be feasible for larger systems.

    Eigenstate thermalization in ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> )-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions · 2026 · DOI

  • The study of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in 1+1-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory with dynamical fermions is a new direction. The inclusion of dynamical fermions is a significant step forward. The emergence of random matrix behavior is not well understood.

    Eigenstate thermalization in ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> )-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory coupled with dynamical fermions · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a formal substrate for DIFT that does not collapse it into ordinary field theory. The need for a dimensionless reduction logic to compress the parameter space into a smaller set of control ratios.

    Integrated Topological-Amplitude-Gauge Field · 2026 · DOI

  • Future investigations should address the interplay between NLO corrections, target mass effects, and nuclear corrections to achieve a fully consistent description of DIS structure functions across the entire kinematic range.

    Heavy-quark contributions to the DIS structure functions F4 and F5 at NLO in the ACOT scheme · 2026 · DOI

  • The results are limited to the simplified cases where the optical potential enters as a vector or scalar potential. The treatment of the nuclear densities is a limitation, as there is poor information on the density of neutrons.

    Isotone Chain Study of p– -atom spectroscopy and Strong Spin-orbit splittings · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research may involve the study of energy flow in other quantum field theories. The results may be relevant for the study of collider observables. Future research may involve the development of effective string descriptions of energy correlators in general gauge theories.

    Energy-energy correlator from the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude · 2026 · DOI

  • The calculation is limited to the next-to-leading order nonsinglet splitting function. The paper does not address the issue of manifest Lorentz-invariance in the intermediate expressions.

    Two-loop DGLAP splitting functions from light cone perturbation theory · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper addresses the need for a systematical, automatizable procedure for precision calculations in this framework.

    Two-loop DGLAP splitting functions from light cone perturbation theory · 2026 · DOI

  • Since the membrane’s residual factor is fundamentally defined as α/2, the area is not merely generated by fibers; it is fundamentally limited by the membrane thickness.

    Geometric Theory of Physics: The ${}^{6}\Pi_4$ Model - Technical Compendium \& Empirical Evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • Further developments and applications are expected within various research realms. The study suggests examining several additional calculations to be performed, including the nuclei belonging to the sub-chains.

    Isotone Chain Study of p– -atom spectroscopy and Strong Spin-orbit splittings · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper aims to provide a rigorous description of the stringy energy flow.

    Energy-energy correlator from the AdS Virasoro-Shapiro amplitude · 2026 · DOI

  • To further investigate the properties of exotic meson resonances using the developed Bethe-Salpeter theory. To apply the developed Bethe-Salpeter theory to other exotic meson resonances. To investigate the time evolution of meson-meson molecular states using the developed Bethe-Salpeter theory.

    Mass and width of $$T_{c\bar{c}}(4020)$$ in the developed Bethe–Salpeter theory · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding the role of spin in quantum chromodynamics, - particularly in the context of hot and dense QCD matter, - and the need for a deeper understanding of the proton's spin…

    Spin in quantum chromodynamics · 2026 · DOI

  • Possible extensions of the model - Implications for future experimental searches - Further study of the quark core-gluon…

    Light hybrid baryons in the constituent model of QCD · 2026 · DOI

  • Experimental verification of the IFD framework. Development of new technologies and experimental designs based on the IFD framework.

    Deterministic Decay of Exotic Hadrons: A Phase-Vector Analysis of Mass Synchronization and Geometric Equilibrium · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study of the QCD axion mass using the introduced isospin symmetry violating condensate component. Application of the result to other areas of physics.

    Isospin symmetry breaking and the mass of the QCD axion in a three-flavor linear sigma model · 2026 · DOI

  • Determining the values of the reduced system, such as the bound state with definite radius, energy, shell maximum, and mode frequency. Proving the full backreacted nonlinear stability of the complete integrated field. Exploring the implications of the integrated topological-amplitude-gauge field for the development of new technologies and materials.

    Integrated Topological-Amplitude-Gauge Field · 2026 · DOI

  • Derive the Yang-Mills kinetic term − 1 µνF a µν from the recursion field energy density, establishing the gauge field dynamics from E = pr applied to the phase connection fields. 4F a 2. Derive the Weinberg angle θW ≈ 28.17 from the ratio ω2/ω6 at observable density, requiring the R(Dst) calibration of the n = 2 and n = 6 recursion frequencies.

    Gauge Structure of the Standard Model from Torsion Phase Geometry · 2026 · DOI

  • The non-perturbative nature of the strong coupling plays a crucial role, - The paper faces the challenge of reducing the uncertainty in the results, - The strong isospin-breaking effects and QED corrections need to be taken…

    $$f_K/f_{\pi }$$ in iso-symmetric QCD and the CKM matrix unitarity · 2026 · DOI

  • Increased statistics in the ensembles that contribute more to the statistical error is expected to help in reducing the error in the results, - Further studies on the CKM matrix unitarity…

    $$f_K/f_{\pi }$$ in iso-symmetric QCD and the CKM matrix unitarity · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of theoretical and experimental understanding of the radius parameters of tetraquarks and pentaquarks (“Radii of Exotic Hadrons and On Some Properties of the Exotic Particles”, 2026); (2) Lack of detailed QCD studies in e+e-collisions at low center-of-mass energies √s ≈ 20-80 GeV (“Physics case for low-$\sqrt{s}$ QCD studies at FCC-ee”, 2026); (3) The lack of introduction of an isospin symmetry violating condensate component in previous models (“Isospin symmetry breaking and the mass of the QCD axion in a three-flavor…”, 2026); (4) The emergence of random matrix behavior is not well understood (“Eigenstate thermalization in ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/…”, 2026); (5) The lack of a formal substrate for DIFT that does not collapse it into ordinary field theory (“Integrated Topological-Amplitude-Gauge Field”, 2026). 265 gap statements have been mined from Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,781 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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