Open research questions in Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

What the literature leaves open

• Mitigating and controlling noise in systems modeled as quantum systems, discussed in this paper, involves a combination of tailored techniques to address specific noise sources and system dynamics. An effective approach is to enhance the coherence times of quantum states through environmental isolation and precise control of system parameters, such as praseodymium ions doped in yttrium silicate as discussed in section(2), which is crucial for robust quantum operations. These systems inherently exhibit significantly longer coherence times because of their weak coupling to environmental disturbances and the long lifetimes of their excited states [63]. These properties differentiate them from typical quantum systems and make them particularly advantageous for applications in quantum information processing and simulations. Despite these benefits, noise mitigation remains an essential challenge that requires both theoretical and practical advancements. 33 Another promising approach to mitigating noise involves dynamical decoupling, a technique designed to reduce the effects of dephasing and other forms of noise by periodically reversing the dynamics of the system [72, 73]. This is achieved through the application of a time-dependent control field, where the amplitude alternates in sign at regular intervals. The control field Ω(t), when modified to implement dynamical decoupling, becomes ΩDD(t) = (−1)nΩ(t), where t ∈ [nT, (n + 1)T ) and T is the duration of each interval. The toggling frame created by this periodic modulation ensures that the system averages out low-frequency noise over time, effectively decoupling it from the surrounding environment. The influence of this control strategy can be analyzed by examining the effective Hamiltonian that governs the system’s dynamics under dynamical decoupling.

  Implementation of Finite state logic machines via the dynamics of atomic systems · 2026

• exploring the application of the proposed strategy to other financial markets, - investigating the use of other quantum algorithms for portfolio optimization

  Large-scale portfolio optimization using Pauli correlation encoding · 2026 · DOI

• The scalability limitations of traditional quantum approaches, such as QAOA, in solving real-world portfolio optimization problems. The need for a more efficient encoding scheme to represent multiple optimization variables per qubit.

  Large-scale portfolio optimization using Pauli correlation encoding · 2026 · DOI

• Further research could explore the effects of different noise models on QMR, - Investigating the robustness of QMR under various experimental conditions, - Examining the applicability of QMR to real-world voting systems

  Implementation and analysis of quantum majority rules under noisy conditions · 2026 · DOI

• The need to examine the robustness of QMR under realistic experimental conditions. The lack of understanding of how realistic noise deforms the resulting societal ranking distribution in the implementation of quantum majority rules.

  Implementation and analysis of quantum majority rules under noisy conditions · 2026 · DOI

• realizing these speedups poses a programming challenge even as hardware continues to advance - the cost model offers a convenient way to analyze the effect of refactoring operators in matrix expressions

  Cobble: Compiling Block Encodings for Quantum Computational Linear Algebra · 2026 · DOI

• The inability to efficiently store arbitrary matrices in memory in quantum algorithms. The need for complex expressions for matrix arithmetic in terms of correct and efficient quantum circuits. The lack of a high-level language for programming with quantum computational linear algebra.

  Cobble: Compiling Block Encodings for Quantum Computational Linear Algebra · 2026 · DOI

• There is no evidence for fundamental quantum effects at the neural level. The paper identifies a gap in our understanding of the neural level and the possibility of quantum-like behavior.

  Testing quantum-like markers in neural dynamics · 2026 · DOI

• Investigating the robustness to imperfect battery readout, - Exploring the implementation of the reversible-controller, - Studying the finite-statistics certification from work data

  Battery-explicit thermodynamic witnesses of bell post-quantumness · 2026 · DOI

• The need for a battery-explicit thermodynamic witness of post-quantum Bell correlations. The lack of a formulation for finite two-player XOR games. The importance of accounting for work, information, and control in quantum thermodynamics.

  Battery-explicit thermodynamic witnesses of bell post-quantumness · 2026 · DOI

• The overall computational cost remains dominated by state preparation, measurement, and classical post-processing steps, - The proposed approach is limited to the UDED dataset, - The study is based on a small sample of four images, - The results are qualitatively consistent with classical Sobel and Harris operators but may not be quantitatively optimal

  Quantum gradient-based approach for edge and corner detection using Sobel kernels · 2026 · DOI

• Current quantum systems lack the scalability for practical applications, - High error rates and limited coherence times, - Large physical footprints and frequent calibration and maintenance of quantum computers

  The role of quantum computing in advancing scientific high-performance computing: A perspective from the ADAC institute · 2026 · DOI

• Addressing the challenges of merging HPC and QC technologies, - Developing standardized interfaces for coupling classical HPC systems to QPUs

  The role of quantum computing in advancing scientific high-performance computing: A perspective from the ADAC institute · 2026 · DOI

• The increased number of entangling gates leads to greater accumulated errors. The experimental errors during time evolution are due to the c ZZ η gates. The system size is limited to 20 qubits.

  Dynamical signatures of conventional and asymptotic quantum many-body scars on a trapped ion simulator · 2026 · DOI

• Further research is needed to explore the properties of AQMBS states. The construction of more complex models hosting both exact and asymptotic QMBS states could be investigated.

  Dynamical signatures of conventional and asymptotic quantum many-body scars on a trapped ion simulator · 2026 · DOI

• Utilizing low-power amplifiers to reduce the power consumption of BAWIM, - Exploring the use of higher frequency delay lines to potentially scalable to sub-ms, - Investigating the application of BAWIM to other NP-hard problems

  A 2048-spin bulk acoustic wave Ising machine for number partitioning and Sudoku · 2026 · DOI

• Large physical footprints of optical coherent Ising machines. High power consumption and poor thermal stability of existing Ising machines. The need for a more affordable and robust design.

  A 2048-spin bulk acoustic wave Ising machine for number partitioning and Sudoku · 2026 · DOI

• Further study of the continuum limit of the charges' potential energy. Investigation of the string-breaking mechanism in higher-dimensional lattice gauge theories. Exploration of the application of trapped-ion quantum simulators to other quantum field theories.

  String-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulator · 2026 · DOI

• The gap is the limitation of classical computational methods for simulating quantum many-body dynamics. The need for a quantum simulator that can efficiently simulate string-breaking dynamics is highlighted. The paper identifies the challenge of taking a 'continuum limit' of the system, which is necessary for understanding the dynamics.

  String-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulator · 2026 · DOI

• Furthermore, the protocol’s speed was fundamentally limited by the storage pair, as rapid execution generates excessive kinetic energy, which in turn increases the probability of escape events.

  Momentum-driven reversible logic accelerates efficient irreversible universal computation · 2026 · DOI

• (A8) Both operators are sparse: D(2) has 2 nonzeros per row and D(4) has 4 nonzeros per row.

  Unitary discretization of the Koopman-von Neumann equation for quantum simulation of fluid and plasma dynamics · 2026

• Further research is needed to optimize the computational cost of the proposed approach, - Investigating the application of the proposed approach to larger datasets, - Exploring the use of other quantum image encoding methods, - Developing more efficient classical post-processing techniques

  Quantum gradient-based approach for edge and corner detection using Sobel kernels · 2026 · DOI

• While these methods show promising empirical results, and can provide provable advantages for artificial problems, it remains unclear whether they can provide a provable quantum advantage over classical approaches for problems of practical relevance.

  Towards Surrogate Based Dequantization of Quantum Reinforcement Learning · 2026

• Simulation of quantum many-body systems is a principal application of quantum computing, but available devices remain limited by the number of qubits and cannot accommodate systems of the desired size.

  Truncated hybrid tensor networks for distributed quantum simulation · 2026

• In this paper, we propose a polynomial-time algorithm for ground state preparation which only relies on the existence of a physical bath which achieves the same task, while a detailed description of the environment may remain unknown .

  Ground-State Preparation of Physical Systems via Super-Bath Simulation · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

• Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor · Nature · 2019 · 6,783 citations
• The quantum internet · Nature · 2008 · 5,536 citations
• A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics · Nature · 2001 · 5,187 citations
• Quantum machine learning · Nature · 2017 · 4,338 citations
• A single quantum cannot be cloned · Nature · 1982 · 4,131 citations
• Quantum computers · Nature · 2010 · 3,267 citations
• Universal Quantum Simulators · Science · 1996 · 2,494 citations
• Noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms · Reviews of Modern Physics · 2022 · 1,696 citations
• Quantum Computation and Quantum Information · American Journal of Physics · 2002 · 1,126 citations
• QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs · 2023 · 969 citations

Most recent work

• Optimal Quantum Algorithm for Gibbs State Preparation · Physical Review Letters · 2026
• Quantum-selected configuration interaction: Classical diagonalization of Hamiltonians in subspaces selected by quantum computers · Physical Review Research · 2026
• Addressing the minor-embedding problem in quantum annealing and evaluating state-of-the-art algorithm performance · Future Generation Computer Systems · 2026
• Noise-induced shallow circuits and the absence of barren plateaus · Nature Physics · 2026
• The role of quantum computing in advancing scientific high-performance computing: A perspective from the ADAC institute · Future Generation Computer Systems · 2026
• Deterministic equations for feedback control of open quantum systems. II. Properties of the memory function · Physical Review A · 2026
• Quantum Multiview Feature Selection With Configurable Kernel Circuits and Adaptive Fusion · IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems · 2026
• Classical simulability of Clifford + T circuits with Clifford-augmented matrix product states · Physical Review Research · 2026
• Compressed representation of quantum states via orthogonal polynomials for flow field analysis · Acta Mechanica Sinica · 2026
• The Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library · Nature Computational Science · 2026

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