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Open research questions in Rabies epidemiology and control

204 gap statements mined from Rabies epidemiology and control papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 643 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Free-roaming dogs are difficult to handle and restrain, making traditional vaccination approaches challenging. The high abundance of dogs in Cambodia makes it difficult to achieve high vaccination coverage. The study had to exclude many electronic records due to contradictory data or lack of information.

    Evaluation of Bait Acceptance and Immune Response in a Local Dog Population During an Oral Rabies Vaccination Field Study in Cambodia · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited knowledge on the effectiveness of oral rabies vaccination in Cambodia. Lack of data on bait acceptance and immunogenicity of commercially available vaccine baits in local free-roaming dogs in Cambodia. Need for alternative vaccination methods due to the limitations of traditional vaccination approaches.

    Evaluation of Bait Acceptance and Immune Response in a Local Dog Population During an Oral Rabies Vaccination Field Study in Cambodia · 2026 · DOI

  • Need for adaptation of bait distribution strategies to local wildlife ecology and deployment conditions.

    Experimental Immunogenicity and Multi-Region Field Performance of a Briquette-Formulated Oral Rabies Vaccine Bait in Kazakhstan · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for oral rabies vaccination strategies adapted to contrasting ecological settings. The lack of effective oral rabies vaccination approaches for wildlife reservoirs in Kazakhstan. The need for evaluation of the operational field feasibility and oral immunogenicity of oral rabies vaccine baits.

    Experimental Immunogenicity and Multi-Region Field Performance of a Briquette-Formulated Oral Rabies Vaccine Bait in Kazakhstan · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the lack of knowledge about the immediate protective role of passive immunization as a major reason for hesitancy. The study notes that high cost is also a significant factor associated with passive immunization hesitancy.

    Passive Immunization Hesitancy Among Rabies-Exposed Individuals in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited availability and batch-to-batch variability of polyclonal RIG. Need for alternative treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, with high neutralizing activity and strong specificity.

    Identification of a novel conserved B-cell epitope in the glycoprotein of rabies virus · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited operational evidence from municipal campaigns conducted in rapidly urbanizing, resource-constrained settings. Limited understanding of the implementation and outcomes of mass dog rabies vaccination campaigns in such settings. Need for practical evidence to inform the planning and implementation of future municipal rabies vaccination campaigns.

    Evaluation of mass dog vaccination campaign in Techiman, Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to strengthen health education and dog immunization.

    Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Chongqing, China, 2016–2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Chongqing. The need for a scientific basis for the prevention and control of human rabies in Chongqing.

    Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Chongqing, China, 2016–2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited understanding of population-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to rabies in Saudi Arabia. Inadequate awareness of rabies transmission and prevention among the general public. Insufficient access to post-exposure prophylaxis and culturally tailored educational interventions.

    A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Rabies in Saudi Arabia · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the challenge of lack of awareness of the PEP regimen among patients.

    Determinants of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Compliance in Bangladesh: Informing Policy for Elimination by 2030 · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the need for targeted strategies to improve adherence and support progress toward rabies elimination by 2030.

    Determinants of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Compliance in Bangladesh: Informing Policy for Elimination by 2030 · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faced challenges in data collection due to the lack of information on ownership and location of some bite incidents. There were limitations in the analysis due to the exclusion of 42 bite incidents without information on ownership and location. The study notes the challenge of dog bites being underreported.

    Time Series and Pattern of Dog Bites and Rabies in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2009–2019: A Call for Inter-Sectoral Collaboration in the Fight Against Rabies · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of bat rabies transmission. The need to anticipate the spillover risk to humans and domestic animals associated with the long-distance spread of rabies virus. The gap in knowledge of the population structure and cross-species transmission of rabies virus in T. brasiliensis.

    Rabies, host population structure, and cross-species transmission to the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis in Chile · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the challenge of ensuring the UK canine and human populations remain safe from welfare and exotic disease threats. The study highlights the challenge of preventing consumers from unintentionally supporting poor welfare sources of puppies. The study notes the challenge of changing legislation to address the issues surrounding puppy importation.

    Knowledge of UK Residents About Importing Puppies from EU Countries · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited access to post-exposure prophylaxis and surveillance capacity in low-and middle-income countries.

    Evaluation of mass dog vaccination campaign in Techiman, Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited access to formal health facilities in rural communities. Perceived high cost of post-exposure prophylaxis treatment. Underestimation of the urgency of seeking care after dog bites.

    Community Knowledge, Risk Perception and Health-Seeking Behaviour Toward Rabies in Ghana: One Health Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • ERIG derived from immunized horse plasma may cause severe side effects and allergic reactions, - RIG is subject to limitations in terms of supply, cost and safety, - The study used a limited number of mice, - The study used a specific strain of RABV…

    Identification of a novel conserved B-cell epitope in the glycoprotein of rabies virus · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the effectiveness of culturally tailored educational interventions, - Examination of the impact of improved access to post-exposure prophylaxis on rabies prevention, - Development of strengthened One Health strategies to support rabies…

    A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Rabies in Saudi Arabia · 2026 · DOI

  • Non-response rate was anticipated but not specified, - Limited to selected districts of Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Bono East regions, - Relies on self-reported…

    Community Knowledge, Risk Perception and Health-Seeking Behaviour Toward Rabies in Ghana: One Health Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • Retrospective descriptive study, - Limited to a single metropolitan emergency department, - No control group, - Dependence on electronic medical record system and Rabies Vaccination Unit…

    Urban Animal Exposures and Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Istanbul, Turkey: Insights from a Metropolitan Emergency Department · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the effectiveness of PEP in preventing rabies, - Study of the impact of animal observation on PEP administration, - Research on the role of vaccination documentation in risk…

    Urban Animal Exposures and Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Istanbul, Turkey: Insights from a Metropolitan Emergency Department · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis was limited to 112 cytochrome b sequences and 144 rabies virus sequences, - The study only considered the N gene for rabies virus sequences, - The lack of geographic clustering by municipality or region in Chile might be due to the limited sample…

    Rabies, host population structure, and cross-species transmission to the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis in Chile · 2026 · DOI

  • Stakeholder attitudes towards providing education on exotic and zoonotic disease in the UK would be a valuable topic for future…

    Knowledge of UK Residents About Importing Puppies from EU Countries · 2025 · DOI

  • Insufficient coverage of animal vaccination due to economic and administrative limitations. Safety concerns associated with current vaccines, including live attenuated vaccines. Questionable long-term effectiveness of inactivated vaccines.

    Infection and Prevention of Rabies Viruses · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Rabies epidemiology and control

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The study had to exclude many electronic records due to contradictory data or lack of information (“Evaluation of Bait Acceptance and Immune Response in a Local Dog Population…”, 2026); (2) The lack of effective oral rabies vaccination approaches for wildlife reservoirs in Kazakhstan (“Experimental Immunogenicity and Multi-Region Field Performance of a…”, 2026); (3) The study identifies the lack of knowledge about the immediate protective role of passive immunization as a major reason for hesitancy (“Passive Immunization Hesitancy Among Rabies-Exposed Individuals in China: A…”, 2026); (4) The lack of understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Chongqing (“Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rabies in Chongqing, China, 2016–2024”, 2026); (5) The study highlights the challenge of lack of awareness of the PEP regimen among patients (“Determinants of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Compliance in Bangladesh:…”, 2026). 204 gap statements have been mined from Rabies epidemiology and control papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 643 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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