Science AI Journal
Immunology and Microbiology · Research topic

Open research questions in Antibiotic Use and Resistance

246 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 913 Antibiotic Use and Resistance papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • development of a framework to move from retrospective AMR prediction toward validated, interpretable, and actionable surveillance intelligence, - investigation of machine learning for AMR surveillance intelligence across One Health, - evaluation of the effectiveness of machine learning in real-time surveillance systems

    From surveillance to intelligence: a scoping review of machine learning for antimicrobial resistance surveillance intelligence across One Health · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior reviews have largely treated machine learning for AMR as a prediction task, - existing syntheses have summarised model families and reported performance for resistance prediction, but have not addressed actionable surveillance intelligence, - there is a need for a framework to distinguish technical prediction from actionable surveillance intelligence.

    From surveillance to intelligence: a scoping review of machine learning for antimicrobial resistance surveillance intelligence across One Health · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies the challenge of implementing antimicrobial stewardship interventions in routine clinical practice. It also mentions the challenge of addressing the human factors that influence antimicrobial use. Another challenge is the need for standardized outcome measures and stronger One Health collaboration.

    Interventions to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Small Animal Veterinary Practice: Evidence and Clinical Impact · 2026 · DOI

  • Current studies differ in methodology, - Often have short follow-up periods, - Include limited data from routine primary veterinary practices, - Rarely demonstrate a direct reduction in antimicrobial resistance

    Interventions to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Small Animal Veterinary Practice: Evidence and Clinical Impact · 2026 · DOI

  • Persistent gaps in adherence to evidence-based prescribing guidelines. Reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in dental emergency settings. Limited generalizability due to the study being conducted in a single academic centre.

    Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in dental practice: results of two clinical audits conducted at a university hospital · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to evaluate the impact of azithromycin MDA on antibiotic resistance. The lack of understanding of the selection of macrolide resistance determinants in the gut and nasopharynx.

    Mass azithromycin distribution and antibiotic resistance in the gut and nasopharynx: a cluster-randomized trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Guidelines that lacked detailed prescribing information were excluded, - Documents not published in English were excluded, - The study only included readily available published material

    Global variation in antibiotic prescribing guidelines and the implications for decreasing AMR in the future · 2025 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to address the challenges of AMR, - Studies should investigate the effectiveness of different implementation strategies, - Research should focus on improving patient education and counseling in LMICs

    Global variation in antibiotic prescribing guidelines and the implications for decreasing AMR in the future · 2025 · DOI

  • Our findings also highlighted gaps in knowledge regarding the appropriate mask use for tuberculosis prevention and antibiotic selection for specific pathogens, consistent with other studies.

    Infection Control Practices Among Thai Medical Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in dental emergency settings. Lack of improvement in prescribing practices despite clinical guidelines.

    Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in dental practice: results of two clinical audits conducted at a university hospital · 2026 · DOI

  • It remains unclear whether antibiotic treatment reduces subsequent health care use or work absence.

    Antibiotic treatment for acute sinusitis and subsequent health care use and work absence: a nationwide registry study from Norway · 2026 · DOI

  • Recognized in some countries, this practice is poorly documented and not recommended in France.

    Deferred prescribing in practice: an observational study in community pharmacies in France during 2024–5 and feedback from pharmacists · 2026 · DOI

  • Discussion: The inconsistent results indicate a great need for education on the use of prophylactically prescribed ABD.

    A Survey of German Dentists on the Prophylactic Use of Antibacterial Drugs in Patients in Risk Groups: Diabetes, Joint Replacement, Risk of Endocarditis, and Immunosuppression or Organ Transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major global health threat, yet the effectiveness of national action plans (NAPs) remains uncertain.

    Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance governance across 193 countries to inform the 2026 Global Action Plan update · 2026 · DOI

  • Conclusion: Knowledge of antibiotic use and AMR is moderate, but there are gaps in knowledge, awareness, and understanding of AMR terminology, and antibiotic-use practices.

    Health Literacy, Antibiotic Use Behaviors, and Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Patients in Karachi, Pakistan · 2026 · DOI

  • The extent of antibiotic overuse in hospitalized children with community-onset viral LRTIs has not been described in recent years.

    Antibiotic overuse in a contemporary cohort of children hospitalized with influenza, RSV, or SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite its significance, only a few studies have delved into parental perspectives.

    Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice on self-medication of antibiotics for children in bandung, indonesia: a questionnaire-based survey and module-based learning intervention · 2025 · DOI

  • However, surveillance data on antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of pathogens remains scarce in Malawi.

    Trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among common pathogens isolated from adult bloodstream and urinary tract infections in public health facilities in Malawi, 2020–2024 · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite its significance, data on the effects of seasonal variations, demographics, and healthcare settings on AMR in Pakistan are scarce.

    Seasonal and hospital settings variations in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates from cardiac patients: insights from a 7-Year study · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should examine the implementation of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and AI-CDSS over a more extended period to understand its long-term effects on professional practices and organizational structures.

    The impact of artificial intelligence on the prescribing, selection, resistance, and stewardship of antimicrobials: a scoping review · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, no studies on bacterial and atypical pathogens were conducted in primary care.

    A new pathogen pattern of acute respiratory tract infections in primary care after COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center study in southern China · 2025 · DOI

  • Ethiopia is a country with a high burden of acute RTIs, and the pattern of antibiotic prescribing has not been thoroughly studied.

    Antibiotic prescribing for outpatients with respiratory tract infections in public and private clinics of a resource-constrained setting, northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study · 2025 · DOI

  • CONCLUSION: The existing evidence based on adaptation and implementation of AMSP is sparse.

    Antimicrobial stewardship programs in primary and secondary care settings in India: current challenges, facilitators, perceptions, and impact – a scoping review · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for acute upper respiratory infections (URIs) despite limited evidence of their effectiveness, particularly in older individuals.

    Association between antibiotic prescriptions for acute upper respiratory infections and pneumonia among older adults: a nationwide cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • The analysis showed a lack of guidelines or toolkits for appropriate antibiotic prescribing in dentistry in India.

    Dental antibiotic policies, stewardship, and implementation in India: A policy document analysis · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Antibiotic Use and Resistance

Most recent work

Find a gap in your own Antibiotic Use and Resistance sub-topic

This page shows what the Antibiotic Use and Resistance literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, run the guided finder — it searches the gap library on demand and checks candidates against 250M+ OpenAlex works.

Open the Research Gap Finder →

Related topics in Immunology and Microbiology

Immune cells in cancer
324 open questions
Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
239 open questions
Reproductive System and Pregnancy
210 open questions
T-cell and B-cell Immunology
176 open questions
Immune Cell Function and Interaction
169 open questions
Reproductive tract infections research
167 open questions
Parasites and Host Interactions
160 open questions
Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
160 open questions
246 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 913 Antibiotic Use and Resistance papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

Tools for your next paper

Gaps & Literature SearchFind open questions in any field — 120,000+ open gaps mined from our own library.Pre-CheckIs your paper ready? A Tier 1–5 acceptance probability in seconds.Journal FinderA ranked shortlist of target journals from a 17,500-venue index.Duplicate Publication CheckerCheck prior-publication & salami-slicing risk across 8 sources.Citation GeneratorFreeA DOI or title → APA, MLA, Vancouver, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS. No signup.Graphical Abstract MakerFreeTurn your findings into a colorblind-safe graphical abstract.

Compare the category — Honest roundups of the AI research tools, ours listed alongside the alternatives.

Command palette

Jump anywhere, run any action.