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Open research questions in Regulation and Compliance Studies

147 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,024 Regulation and Compliance Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The latest global progress report highlights numerous challenges in achieving justice goals, with bias in artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a significant yet underexplored issue.

    Bias in adjudication: Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence, media, financial and legal institutions in pursuit of social justice · 2025 · DOI

  • Drawing on 35 semi-structured interviews with participants across the fair lending ecosystem, we find that while financial institutions have a floor of fairness practices aimed at preventing discrimination in lending largely absent in other domains, the specifics of how firms test for discrimination and search for less discriminatory algorithms varies widely.

    The Fair Lending Model: How the Longest-Running Algorithmic Fairness Programs Work in Practice · 2026

  • The lack of a framework for the respect of human rights and environmental rights by major European companies. The difficulties faced by multinational companies in identifying and mitigating risks related to human rights and environmental impacts within their global value chains.

    The Protection of Human Dignity Through the European Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the existing literature regarding the legal and regulatory treatment of poor-quality explanations for non-compliance with corporate governance codes. The study highlights the need for clearer evaluative benchmarks, more explicit supervisory scrutiny, and a stronger enforcement architecture to enhance transparency, investor confidence, and the credibility of explanation-based governance.

    The Non-Compliance Provisions of Corporate Governance Codes: A Critical Analysis of the Laws of Mauritius and The United Kingdom · 2026 · DOI

  • The PFAS experience exposes limitations in both systems when addressing widespread contamination from substances whose environmental persistence and health effects were not understood until decades after deployment, demonstrating the need for adaptable frameworks that balance comprehensive cleanup with fair treatment of historical actors.

    Who pays for PFAS contamination? A comparative analysis of environmental liability in the US and Sweden · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap between legal provisions and its implementation caused by the complexity of corporate structures and difficulties in proving elements of corporate guilt. The study highlights the need for more detailed technical guidelines regarding the mechanisms for proving corporate guilt and determining criminal liability.

    A Legal Analysis of Police Investigation Procedures for Corporate Crimes in the Cirebon Region · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional management models separate regulatory compliance from strategic planning, failing to address the interconnected realities faced by modern executives. There is a need for a new framework that integrates regulatory intelligence, governance, stakeholder alignment, and resilience planning.

    Executive Decision-Making Under Regulatory Complexity: A Business Management Framework for Infrastructure-Intensive Industries · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of governance frameworks that operate at the infrastructure layer. The analysis of the implications of the Re-Commons principle for regulation and governance. The identification of new domains where the Re-Commons principle can be applied.

    The Missing Layer in Modern Governance: How AML, Water, and AI Oversight Fail at the Infrastructure Level · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of governance frameworks that operate at the infrastructure layer. The failure of reforms that target only the application layer. The need for a framework that addresses the structural cause of governance failures.

    The Missing Layer in Modern Governance: How AML, Water, and AI Oversight Fail at the Infrastructure Level · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for adaptive legal frameworks to accommodate big data. The importance of ensuring data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and accountability in the use of big data for environmental compliance. The challenge of balancing human judgment and automated decision-making in environmental compliance.

    Environmental Compliance in the Era of Big Data: Perspectives from Regulatory Lawyers · 2026 · DOI

  • Incorporating primary data, such as interviews with regulatory lawyers or case studies of specific regulatory contexts. Examining the effectiveness of big data in different environmental compliance contexts. Developing more nuanced understandings of the legal and ethical implications of big data for environmental governance.

    Environmental Compliance in the Era of Big Data: Perspectives from Regulatory Lawyers · 2026 · DOI

  • Further analysis of the use of corporate monitors in SEC enforcement actions is needed. Research on the effectiveness of corporate monitors in preventing securities fraud is necessary.

    The Use of the Corporate Monitor in SEC Enforcement Actions · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for clear standards limiting judicial discretion to order corporate monitors. There is a lack of analysis on the implications of corporate monitors for the SEC's enforcement powers.

    The Use of the Corporate Monitor in SEC Enforcement Actions · 2026 · DOI

  • Testing the validity of the two-tier governance model across differentiated industry scenarios. Customized governance designs for specific industries.

    The Weight of"S": Legal Positioning and Institutional Response of Labor Rights Protection in Chinese Corporate ESG Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between statutory labor baselines and market governance expectations in Chinese corporate ESG evaluation. The lack of effective labor rights protection in current practices.

    The Weight of"S": Legal Positioning and Institutional Response of Labor Rights Protection in Chinese Corporate ESG Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the current governance of carbon credit markets, where eligibility designations may come to be interpreted as signals of credit integrity. The study highlights the need for effective governance mechanisms to address trust inflation.

    Eligibility interpreted as assurance and trust inflation in carbon credit markets · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis is limited to the development of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. The article focuses on the extent to which stakeholder input was accounted for in the impact assessments. The analysis is based on document analysis and does not include empirical data.

    Better Regulation in the Context of Omnibus I; How a Departure from Evidence-Based Policymaking May Affect the Legitimacy of Omnibus I · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could examine the impact of the Omnibus I proposal on the legitimacy of EU legislation. Further analysis could be conducted on the role of stakeholder participation in the legislative process. The article's findings could be used to inform future legislative processes and ensure that stakeholder concerns are substantively addressed.

    Better Regulation in the Context of Omnibus I; How a Departure from Evidence-Based Policymaking May Affect the Legitimacy of Omnibus I · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies structural pathologies in Indian listed companies as a major challenge to effective corporate governance. The paper notes that the Act's provisions may be undermined by these pathologies. The paper argues that deeper reforms are needed to address these challenges.

    CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OR CORPORATE THEATER? A Critical Appraisal of Board Independence and Minority Shareholder Protections under the Companies Act 2013 · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research may focus on examining the impact of the Companies Act 2013 on corporate governance in India. Future research may explore the effectiveness of different approaches to governance in India. Future research may investigate the role of institutional investors in promoting good governance practices in India.

    CORPORATE GOVERNANCE OR CORPORATE THEATER? A Critical Appraisal of Board Independence and Minority Shareholder Protections under the Companies Act 2013 · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a mechanism to empower individuals to report violations of federal securities laws. The lack of protections against retaliation for individuals who report illegal activity.

    Understanding the SEC Whistleblower Program: How Citizens Police the Markets · 2026 · DOI

  • Economic development remains the primary task in government attention allocation - The implementation of environmental policies requires economic support - Less economically developed regions often struggle to maintain high-standard environmental measures over the long term - Ecological and environmental governance typically requires a long cycle to yield visible results

    Policy Effect Evaluation of the Centralization of Environmental Supervision Authority: Evidence from China’s Central Environmental Protection Inspection · 2026 · DOI

  • A blind human audit of the load-bearing outcome contrast preserves this third finding under corrected labels and reveals that text-similarity methods are insufficient for distinguishing editorial from substantive regulatory change, a measurement-validity lesson we treat as a supporting methodological contribution.

    Who Gets Heeded? An Obligation-Level Audit of Responsiveness in EPA Rulemaking · 2026

  • Limited comparative attention has been devoted to determining whether criminal responsibility survives corporate transformation. The existing scholarship has not adequately addressed the issue of continuity of criminal liability in the context of corporate mergers.

    Criminal Liability Following Corporate Mergers: A Comparative Analysis of Arab Legal Systems, French Law, and Common Law · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of consistent and defensible assessment criteria in petroleum licensing decisions. The subjectivity and inconsistency of manual review processes.

    A Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Petroleum Licensing Decision Support: Comparing Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Their Combination · 2026 · DOI

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147 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,024 Regulation and Compliance Studies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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