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Open research questions in Seismic Performance and Analysis

69 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 456 Seismic Performance and Analysis papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Future research can focus on extrapolating and generalising the observed response across a broader range of aspect ratios, sizes, and loading conditions. Further studies can investigate the application of the methodology to other types of structures subjected to seismic excitations.

    Experimentally informed limit states and fragility curves of rocking blocks via shaking table tests · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a probabilistic interpretation of the data, considering the influence of various sources of uncertainty on the rocking response. The existing studies have limitations in terms of experimental constraints and similitude laws.

    Experimentally informed limit states and fragility curves of rocking blocks via shaking table tests · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the effect of anchor failure on the reliability of reinforced slopes. The proposed method can be extended to consider other types of seismic actions, such as vertical seismic components.

    Dynamic reliability analysis of anchored slopes under seismic action considering acceleration amplification effect · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional slope stability analysis relies on deterministic approaches, which neglect time-dependent characteristics and dynamic amplification effects. The existing methods do not account for the realistic distribution of seismic inertia forces.

    Dynamic reliability analysis of anchored slopes under seismic action considering acceleration amplification effect · 2026 · DOI

  • Irregularity in building design can lead to increased seismic vulnerability. The lack of effective seismic design guidelines for irregular buildings. The need for more accurate modeling and analysis techniques for irregular buildings.

    Earthquake-Induced Behaviour Study Of Multi-Storey Irregular Buildings Using ETABS · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited occurrence of poorly maintained and/or pre-damaged buildings. The difficulty in interpreting the curves due to the limited sample size. The need to consider the statistical structure of the dataset.

    Probabilistic usability-based fragility curves for Italian reinforced concrete buildings using census and post-earthquake data · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the need for an effective and efficient approach to seismic design and strengthening of structures. The use of traditional approaches to seismic design and strengthening of structures is expensive and time-consuming.

    Numerical Investigation on the Seismic Performance of a Multistorey RC Building under Increased Seismic Demand Using Lead Rubber Bearing Isolation · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research will focus on extending this methodology to diverse geological and urban contexts, as well as to multi-hazard frameworks, in the spirit of recent resilience modeling approaches 48.

    Combined machine learning - 3D physics based approach for building damage evaluation: the case of L’Aquila 2009 · 2026 · DOI

  • interval- or representations In addition to probabilistic uncertainty quantification, nonset-based (e.g., probabilistic descriptions of uncertain inputs (Soleimani, 2020)) could be to bound RSI predictions when explored inventory attributes or recovery assumptions are poorly constrained. Such extensions would require defining appropriate uncertainty sets for key parameters and propagating them through the RSI labeling and surrogate inference steps, which is outside the scope of this study. 3.5.5.5 Limitations and extensions of the IM representation Figure 13 indicates that PGA is the most influential input in the present feature set, which is expected because hazard intensity strongly governs nonlinear demand and damagestate trajectories that drive RSI.

    Beyond fragility: physics-driven neural surrogates for seismic resilience prediction of bridges · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work may explore neural network architectures and expand datasets to include more complex structural configurations. The following limitations of this study are acknowl- edged: (1) The dataset comprises 292 regular bare-frame RC buildings without infill walls or soil-structure interac- 112 Int.

    Machine learning prediction of fundamental time periods of regular RC bare frame buildings: A comparative study with empirical code formulations for seismic disaster risk reduction · 2026 · DOI

  • To achieve the desired level of seismic response, the effectiveness of the cross-section needs to be investigated for a cost-effective retrofit solution when the SMA materials are used as longitudinal reinforcing bars.

    Optimizing shape memory alloy rebar layouts for retrofitting a substandard RC frame · 2026 · DOI

  • The study evaluates the influence of interior and multi-level floating column arrangements in a G+12 building, which is a gap in existing research.

    Comparative Evaluation of RCC Buildings with Interior and Multi-Level Floating Column Configurations Using STAAD.Pro · 2026 · DOI

  • Pulse-like ground motions can impose severe demands on structures. Accurate detection and classification of pulse-like ground motions are critical for seismic hazard assessment and structural design. Limited understanding of the characteristics of near-fault ground motions.

    Comparative efficacy of supervised and semi-supervised machine learning classifiers for energy-based discrimination of near-fault pulse-type ground motion · 2026 · DOI

  • Lack of a comprehensive framework for energy-based classification of near-fault ground motion. Need for improved methods for pulse-like ground motion classification.

    Comparative efficacy of supervised and semi-supervised machine learning classifiers for energy-based discrimination of near-fault pulse-type ground motion · 2026 · DOI

  • Premature shear and flexure-shear failures in rounded-end gravity piers. Limited drift capacity and reduced seismic resilience of HSR bridge piers. Difficulty in replicating reinforcement detailing and material properties in small-scale experiments.

    Experimental study on seismic behavior and stiffness degradation of round-ended gravity piers with low-to-medium shear span ratios · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was conducted on 1/8-scale specimens, which may not accurately represent full-scale structures. Reinforcement detailing and material properties cannot be strictly replicated. The proposed model has only been examined within a limited range of parameters.

    Experimental study on seismic behavior and stiffness degradation of round-ended gravity piers with low-to-medium shear span ratios · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only considers a 5-storey reinforced concrete building frame. The analysis is limited to near-field earthquake ground motions. The study does not consider other types of seismic protection devices.

    Nonlinear seismic performance of LRB-isolated buildings under near-field ground motions: influence and limits of maximum isolator displacement · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the influence of maximum isolator displacement on the nonlinear seismic performance of base-isolated buildings. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive study on the impact of varying maximum isolator displacement on key seismic performance indicators.

    Nonlinear seismic performance of LRB-isolated buildings under near-field ground motions: influence and limits of maximum isolator displacement · 2026 · DOI

  • The study notes that conducting full spatiotemporal cross-validation is not feasible since the data is limited to two regions only. The study acknowledges that the leave-one-region-out cross-validation used represents the most stringent level of geographic stratification that can be achieved.

    An engineering-informed voting ensemble framework for rapid seismic risk screening of reinforced concrete structures · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should focus on developing more effective seismic risk assessment methods that prioritize life safety. The study recommends exploring the application of the proposed framework to other domains where rapid assessment of structural integrity is critical.

    An engineering-informed voting ensemble framework for rapid seismic risk screening of reinforced concrete structures · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the hazard-resistant performance of PCFS under multi-hazard effects. The study aims to fill this gap by proposing a fragility analysis framework and developing fragility curves for the structure.

    Multi-hazard fragility analysis of a single-span prefabricated concrete frame structure under sequential earthquake and blast loading · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the evaluation of seismic fragility and economic effectiveness of retrofitting configurations for substandard buildings. The gap is highlighted by recent earthquakes, which have underscored the severity of the problem.

    Comparison of alternative seismic retrofitting strategies for a substandard reinforced concrete building: a cost-benefit analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not provide a comprehensive review of all existing literature on the topic. The research is limited to the analysis of underpass bridges with varying lengths of 5 m, 10 m, and 15 m.

    A Review on Comparative Study on Structural Performance of Underpass Bridge With Seismic Loads · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing literature has predominantly focused on static load assessments, giving insufficient attention to the combined and interactive effects of vehicular loads and earthquake-induced dynamic forces. The soil-structure interaction (SSI), especially the lateral earth pressure acting on the walls of box-type underpasses, has been inadequately studied.

    A Review on Comparative Study on Structural Performance of Underpass Bridge With Seismic Loads · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the applicability of the proposed strengthening strategy to other types of buildings. Future research can explore the development of seismic design guidelines that prioritize resilience and sustainability.

    Seismic performance assessment and strengthening of a residential RC building damaged in the 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes: A case study · 2026 · DOI

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69 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 456 Seismic Performance and Analysis papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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