Open research questions in Twentieth Century Scientific Developments
58 gap statements mined from Twentieth Century Scientific Developments papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 394 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The veneration of Bohr by students of pre-World War 11 physics is a key aspect of this gap.
Future research could explore the use of conversational analysis in studying other scientific discoveries. The study suggests the need for more research on the natural accountability of scientific practices.
I.1 The Work of a Discovering Science Construed with Materials from the Optically Discovered Pulsar · 1981 · DOIThe study highlights the need for more research on the local historicity of scientific observations.
I.1 The Work of a Discovering Science Construed with Materials from the Optically Discovered Pulsar · 1981 · DOIIt also highlights the need for further research on the role of freedom in research and the importance of a university-like atmosphere for the development of new theories and technologies.
The entry of the quantum theory of solids into the Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1925?40: A case-study of the industrial application of fundamental science · 1980 · DOIThere is perennial speculation, and much mis understanding, about a nuclear technology whose scientific feasibility, unlike that of fission, remains to be proved (probably in the next decade).
The current approach to evaluating scientific research does not consider its broader impact and relation to human values. There is a need for a new approach to evaluating scientific research that considers these factors.
The paper suggests that future research should focus on understanding the real nature of the nuclear force. It also implies that research on the fundamental structure of matter is necessary.
It highlights the need for further research in high energy physics.
The paper suggests that future research should focus on understanding the laws of motion of societal changes. It also emphasizes the need for scientists to be aware of the impact of their work on society.
It highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of this relationship.
The lack of a single international agency to control the destructive potential and advance the peaceful potential of atomic energy. The need for uniform rules for handling nuclear materials.
THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS EMERGE \\'hat remains to be told of our story of Met Lab activity is at once the end of a chapter and a beginning. Most of us who must not be classed in the group of young men have our minds so cluttered with tradition and what we prefer to call experi ence, to say nothing of prejudices, that there is scarcely room for any new thought to come into our consciences.
The gap between scientists and society is identified as a major concern. The lack of contact and consultation between individual scientists and politicians is highlighted as a problem.
The distance between scientists and the public is a grave threat to the survival of society. The lack of freedom of conscience for scientists is a problem that needs to be addressed.
It highlights the need for careful consideration of the implications of atomic energy for humanity.
The organization recognized the need for international cooperation and collaboration in promoting peaceful utilization of science.
The lack of mutual confidence and the creation of new barriers restricting the free flow of information between countries. The need for a new approach to international relations to prevent a disastrous competition in armaments. The difficulty of establishing an international control of the manufacture and use of powerful materials.
For me it is an open question, and yet not a trivial one, whether in a time necessarily limited by the threats of war and of chaos, these expanding areas in which the scientific spirit can flourish may yet contribute in a decisive way to man's rational life.
The need for further research on international cooperation in the development of atomic energy. The importance of exploring alternative approaches to preventing the use of atomic energy for destructive purposes.
This table is derived from Dror 1984a, chapters six and seven.
Future research could explore the experiences of other women in science - It could investigate the impact of Lise Meitner's legacy on women in STEM fields…
Lise Meitner (1878–1968) in Berlin – 30 Years of Research on Foundational Problems in Physics and the First Female Corresponding Member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences · 2026 · DOIThe assumption that the educational system prepared students for science and technology is questioned - The paper highlights the lack of understanding of the historical context of science and technology…
Education for the science‐based industrial state? The case for nineteenth‐century Germany∗ · 1984 · DOIThe feasibility of a controlled nuclear chain reaction was unknown - The concept for a self-sustaining chain reaction required that neutrons be slowed down and made to collide…
The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the growth of science in Germany and the United States. The study highlights the differences between the European and American academic systems.
The paper identifies a gap in our understanding of what constitutes a work of art - The author raises questions about the role of chance and skill in the creative…
Most-cited papers in Twentieth Century Scientific Developments
- I.1 The Work of a Discovering Science Construed with Materials from the Optically Discovered Pulsar · Philosophy of the Social Sciences · 1981 · 447 citations
- Constituting the Postwar Earth Sciences · Social Studies of Science · 2003 · 219 citations
- Exceptional contributions to US science by the foreign-born and foreign-educated · Population Research and Policy Review · 2001 · 217 citations
- Shadows of the Past in International Cooperation: Collaboration Profiles of the Top Five Producers of Science · Scientometrics · 2000 · 174 citations
- Growth of international collaboration in science: revisiting six specialties · Scientometrics · 2017 · 165 citations
- Six case studies of international collaboration in science · Scientometrics · 2005 · 140 citations
- International collaboration in the sciences 1981–1985 · Scientometrics · 1990 · 138 citations
- Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism, and Scientific Intelligence · Osiris · 2006 · 119 citations
- Bombs, Brains, and Science: The Role of Human and Physical Capital for the Creation of Scientific Knowledge · The Review of Economics and Statistics · 2016 · 111 citations
- International scientific collaboration of China with the G7 countries · Scientometrics · 2009 · 89 citations
Most recent work
- The impact of Rudi J. J. Stamm'ler on the development of the nuclear industry in Argentina · Nuclear Engineering and Design · 2026
- US–China collaboration as a catalyst for the early development of quantum physics · Nature Reviews Physics · 2026
- Towards Further Advances and Internationalization of Radiological Physics and Technology · Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology · 2026
- Alexander Marian Bradshaw · Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society · 2026
- A New World Symphony and Penn’s Peculiar Practices, 1945–1970 · Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge · 2026
- Lise Meitner (1878–1968) in Berlin – 30 Years of Research on Foundational Problems in Physics and the First Female Corresponding Member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences · AUC HISTORIA UNIVERSITATIS CAROLINAE PRAGENSIS · 2026
- Introduction to the Inaugural Issue of iCirculation · iCirculation · 2026
- On American scientific isolationism: A conversation with Dr. Sudip Parikh, CEO of the American Association for the Advancement of Science · MIT Science Policy Review · 2026
- Remembering Professor Alessandro Belardini · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · 2026
- History of the Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie and its scientific projects (1958–2004) · History of geo- and space sciences · 2026
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