Science AI Journal
Social Sciences · Research topic

Open research questions in Vocational Education and Training

74 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 187 Vocational Education and Training papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should focus on the development of practice-oriented professional development programs for VET teachers. Studies should explore the impact of AI on vocational education and training in other countries. Research should investigate the ethical and regulatory frameworks required to support the integration of AI in VET.

    The Examination of Contemporary Conditions for the Effective Integration of AI in Educational Process as Perceived by VET Teachers in Slovakia · 2026 · DOI

  • The integration of AI in VET is a complex issue that requires further research. There is a need for studies that explore the personal and institutional conditions influencing the integration of AI in VET. The research gap includes the lack of empirically grounded insights from the Slovak context.

    The Examination of Contemporary Conditions for the Effective Integration of AI in Educational Process as Perceived by VET Teachers in Slovakia · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap is that teachers must decide what counts as appropriate use, what should remain off-limits, and how to protect learning goals while acknowledging that GenAI is already part of students' everyday digital environment. The study highlights the lack of guidance and professional development for teachers in using GenAI. The research gap is that prior work has not fully considered the institutional environments in which teachers operate.

    An Exploratory Cross-National Study of K–12 Teachers’ Generative AI Literacy and Classroom Enactment · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a critical gap in cross-cultural educational research on AI literacy. Country and gender differences in AI literacy development are not well understood.

    Cross‐Cultural Patterns in Artificial Intelligence Literacy Development: Investigating Country and Gender Differences Among Pre‐Service Teachers in Germany and Türkiye · 2026 · DOI

  • Ethical concerns, such as academic integrity and professional legitimacy, are major challenges. Infrastructural limitations, such as the lack of clear guidelines and training, are also significant challenges.

    Algerian Pre-service English Teachers’ Perceptions of AI-Assisted Lesson Planning · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only examined the perceptions of Algerian pre-service English teachers. The sample size was limited to 44 trainees. The study did not investigate the actual implementation of AI-assisted lesson planning in classrooms.

    Algerian Pre-service English Teachers’ Perceptions of AI-Assisted Lesson Planning · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to a single region in the Czech Republic. The study is based on a sample of 360 teachers, which may not be representative of the entire population of primary school teachers. The study only considers the relationship between length of practice and category, and does not take into account other factors that may influence the adoption of Generative AI.

    Inovativnost a postoje učitelů na 1. stupni ZŠ k využívání generativní umělé inteligence · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the factors that influence the adoption of Generative AI by primary school teachers. Future research should explore the effectiveness of AI-focused training for teachers. Future research should examine the impact of Generative AI on student learning outcomes.

    Inovativnost a postoje učitelů na 1. stupni ZŠ k využívání generativní umělé inteligence · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the distribution of access to professional learning for teacher AI literacy. The gap is that access is not distributed as a simple response to declared need.

    Can Teacher AI Literacy Reach Those Who Need It Most? Professional Learning, Realised Access, and Cumulative Advantage in TALIS 2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate teachers' perceptions of AI integration in education using an integrated theoretical approach.

    AI transformation in education: Examining teachers’ perceptions using an integrated TAM-TPACK-GenAI framework · 2026 · DOI

  • The usage patterns and teachers' and learners' perceptions of GenAI adoption are yet to be studied. The study aims to fill this gap by examining both teachers' and students' practices and perceptions regarding various aspects of AI and its adoption in education.

    Generative Artificial Intelligence in Tertiary Level Education in Bangladesh: Practices, Benefits, Challenges, and Prospects · 2026 · DOI

  • for Researchers This study contributes empirical evidence on the adoption of GenAI in a South Asian tertiary education context, enriching the body of knowledge on technology acceptance, digital pedagogy, and GenAI in education policy. By revealing the pictures of relevant variables of Generative Artificial Intelli- gence in Education (GenAIEd) in a unique context, such as Bangladesh, the findings have implications for similar situations. They can inform others about possible challenges and the usefulness of GenAIEd. Teachers and students are both moderately familiar with GenAI. The teach- ers primarily use it to prepare courses and materials, while students sporadi- cally engage with GenAI, mainly for academic problem-solving, and they em- phasize its role in personalized, learner-centered learning. GenAI familiarity is found to be a strong predictor of usage frequency. However, teachers ex- press concerns about the reliability of GenAI, ethical implications, and the potential for deskilling. While the benefits and usefulness dominate, possible challenges and threats are marginally associated with the future adoption and use of GenAI. This finding is unique because, despite the overpowering ‘ease of use’ of the TAM model, ‘benefits or usefulness’ of the TTF model, chal- lenges, and threats have been found as catalysts for GenAI adoption. Practitioners are to utilize GenAI to support, rather than replace, their teach- ing expertise. They should also encourage students to strike a balance be- tween GenAI-assisted learning, critical thinking, and independent work. Fur- thermore, the institutions should introduce guidelines to ensure the ethical use of GenAI and academic integrity. Researchers should explore the longitudinal effects of GenAI adoption on learning outcomes and skill development. They can also conduct compara- tive studies across different universities and disciplines. Investigating the role of GenAI in inclusive education and support for learners from disadvantaged backgrounds also demands research focus. Impact on Society The findings highlight how GenAI can transform higher education in Bang- ladesh and similar contexts. It shows the importance of addressing the risks of overreliance and the unethical use of GenAI for effective learning. A bal- anced adoption could strengthen human–technology collaboration in educa- tion. On the other hand, it has revealed the aspects of GenAI, preferred by educators, that AI developers should consider.

    Generative Artificial Intelligence in Tertiary Level Education in Bangladesh: Practices, Benefits, Challenges, and Prospects · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a validated instrument to measure AI appropriation in higher education. The need for innovative indicators to guide comparative research and institutional policies.

    Validation of the Appropriation Scale for Artificial Intelligence Tools for Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Maintaining assessment integrity in AI-based educational settings. Addressing the unique needs of Additional Learning Needs contexts. Ensuring equitable resource allocation to bridge existing disparities in AI adoption.

    Policy and Professional Development for Generative AI in Welsh Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a small sample size of 25 respondents. The survey distribution was limited to direct emails, social media, and regional consortia.

    Policy and Professional Development for Generative AI in Welsh Education · 2026 · DOI

  • Student anxiety in mathematics education. Difficulties in fostering spatial reasoning in mathematics education. The need for comprehensive synthesis of the intellectual structure and evolution of research on Technology Acceptance Model in immersive mathematics education.

    Research Hotspots and Thematic Evolution in Technology Acceptance for Immersive Mathematics: A Bibliometric Visualization · 2026 · DOI

  • Developing MR-specific TAM extensions. Creating integrated technological-pedagogical frameworks. Establishing diversified global research networks.

    Research Hotspots and Thematic Evolution in Technology Acceptance for Immersive Mathematics: A Bibliometric Visualization · 2026 · DOI

  • The integration of automation technologies into vocational education and training. The need for continuous evaluation of the impact of automation on vocational education and training. The challenge of updating technical courses to align with the changing job market demands.

    Estimating the Impact of Industry 4.0 Automation on Curricular Competence Indicators in Brazilian Vocational Education and Training: A Mixed-Methods AI-Supported Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of studies that analyze the impact of automation on education. The need for a methodology to evaluate the impact of automation on technical courses. The gap in understanding the effects of automation on vocational education and training curricula.

    Estimating the Impact of Industry 4.0 Automation on Curricular Competence Indicators in Brazilian Vocational Education and Training: A Mixed-Methods AI-Supported Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faced challenges in terms of the limited sample size and the lack of comprehensive data on AI integration in all vocational education and training programmes. The ethical dilemmas associated with AI use in education, such as unequal access to AI tools, posed a challenge.

    Vocational Teachers as AI Pioneers: A Study of Professional AI Competence in the Norwegian Vocational Field of Information Technology and Media Production · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to two upper secondary schools in Norway. The sample size is small, with only four teachers interviewed. The study does not provide a comprehensive overview of AI integration in all vocational education and training programmes.

    Vocational Teachers as AI Pioneers: A Study of Professional AI Competence in the Norwegian Vocational Field of Information Technology and Media Production · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample size of 59 participants. Limited to Vietnamese higher education context. No control group or comparison with traditional teaching methods.

    An Empirical Study of UTAUT Model on the Adoption of AI Technologies in Vietnamese Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

  • Further investigation into the relationship between user satisfaction and continuance intention. Exploration of the potential barriers to AI adoption in education. Investigation of the effectiveness of AI tools in different educational contexts.

    An Empirical Study of UTAUT Model on the Adoption of AI Technologies in Vietnamese Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

  • There is an urgent need for TESOL professionals to guide students in their AI use as a strategy to maximize learning outcomes. The study identifies a gap in the existing literature on the impact of collaborative reflective practice on teacher educators' professional learning when integrating AI into EFL teaching.

    AI-Powered Teaching: Reflective Professional Development for GenAI Integration in Mexican EFL/ESL Contexts · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faces the challenge of measuring the complex relationship between national AI development and adult lifelong-learning participation. The availability of some indicators is limited, such as Responsible AI per capita and Public Opinion per capita. The study must consider the potential biases and limitations of the data.

    National AI development and adult lifelong-learning participation: Evidence for knowledge-transfer policy in European countries · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Vocational Education and Training

Most recent work

Find a gap in your own Vocational Education and Training sub-topic

This page shows what the Vocational Education and Training literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, search the Research Gap Finder: the search is free with a free account and lists the papers closest to your topic first. Unlocking that topic (50 credits, charged once) fills the comparison table from our 4.5M-paper local library and writes the gaps from its rows.

Open the Research Gap Finder →

Related topics in Social Sciences

Legal Issues in Turkey
2,430 open questions
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
2,133 open questions
Higher Education Research Studies
1,963 open questions
Global Educational Policies and Reforms
1,896 open questions
Teacher Education and Leadership Studies
1,890 open questions
Social Work Education and Practice
1,746 open questions
Science Education and Pedagogy
1,708 open questions
Electoral Systems and Political Participation
1,573 open questions
74 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 187 Vocational Education and Training papers in our 4.5M-paper local library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

Tools for your next paper

Gaps & Literature SearchFind open questions in any field — 120,000+ open gaps mined from our own library.Pre-CheckIs your paper ready? A Tier 1–5 acceptance probability in seconds.Journal FinderA ranked shortlist of target journals from a 17,500-venue index.Duplicate Publication CheckerCheck prior-publication & salami-slicing risk across 8 sources.Citation GeneratorFreeA DOI or title → APA, MLA, Vancouver, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS. No signup.Graphical Abstract MakerFreeTurn your findings into a colorblind-safe graphical abstract.

Compare the category — Honest roundups of the AI research tools, ours listed alongside the alternatives.

Command palette

Jump anywhere, run any action.