Application gaps in Economics

Representative open questions

Showing 30 of 44 — one per source paper, highest-quality first.

• Multi-Source Data Fusion and Machine Learning for Soybean Crop Price Forecasting in India (2026) · doi

  The paper demonstrates AgroNET achieves AUC=0.96 and superior performance over LSTM/GRU on test data, but does not evaluate performance degradation during out-of-sample prediction periods (e.g., forecasting prices 3-12 months ahead). The practical applicability for real-time soybean price forecasting in Indian agricultural markets with limited retraining frequency remains unvalidated.

• A two-stage deep learning model for risk identification in green supply chain finance (2026) · doi

  Market environment and external shocks show pronounced variability in risk response (0.082 SHAP value) but the paper does not specify which macro-level conditions (interest rate volatility, commodity prices, policy changes) or types of upstream-downstream shocks should be prioritized for green supply chain finance risk monitoring applications.

• TEXNOLOGİYALARIN İQTİSADİ VƏ SOSİAL TƏSİRLƏRİNİN GÖSTƏRİCİLƏR ƏSASINDA QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ (2026) · doi

  The paper discusses labor market adaptation to technological change but does not specify what reskilling requirements, sectoral employment transitions, or workforce competency frameworks should be measured to evaluate technology-induced labor market disruption in innovation-oriented economic systems.

• An Empirical Study of Price Action, Return, Volatility and Risk in MCX vs International Exchange: A Comparative Analysis of Gold, Silver, Oil, Gas and Copper (2026) · doi

  The implication section suggests that global price shocks transmit quickly to MCX for hedging strategies, but the paper does not quantify the speed of transmission (in hours or days) or estimate optimal hedge ratios specific to each commodity pair (MCX-COMEX for metals, MCX-NYMEX for energy) using dynamic hedging models or rolling-window correlation analysis.

• FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG WOMEN EDUCATORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOUR (2026) · doi

  Early-career academics with less than 6 years of experience are identified as a target population requiring continuous professional development in financial literacy, but the study does not investigate whether the deficit stems from insufficient cumulative financial decision-making experience, lack of mentorship, or absence of institutional financial literacy programming at recruitment.

• Pemetaan Profil Mahasiswa dalam Adopsi Dompet Digital Berdasarkan Sentimen Bauran Pemasaran Menggunakan Fuzzy C-Means (2026) · doi

  While Promotion sentiment scores approach zero across all three clusters, the study does not empirically test whether specific promotional mechanics (cashback percentage thresholds, time-limited offers, referral bonuses) could shift the neutral Promotion scores in the Mildly Dissatisfied cluster (47.3%) toward positive sentiment.

• ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR FOR INCREASING THEIR COMPETITIVENESS IN REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETS (2026) · doi

  The paper identifies transportation costs as critical for international enterprises' competitiveness but does not investigate how different AI algorithms, predictive models, or optimization techniques for supply chain management (demand forecasting, route optimization, inventory management) differentially impact cost reduction across regional versus international market contexts.

• Design of a green ammonia production process by machine learning (2026) · doi

  Economic feasibility and operational robustness evaluation of the optimized green ammonia process design were explicitly noted as future work; cost-benefit analysis using the machine learning framework to balance capital expenditure, operating costs, and production targets under uncertain feedstock prices and renewable power variability has not been conducted.

• HYBRID FORECASTING FOR THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX USING SARIMAX, SARIMAX-MACHINE LEARNING AND SARIMAX-DEEP LEARNING MODELS: THE CASE OF CÔTE D’IVOIRE (2026) · doi

  The hybrid SARIMAX-ML/DL models were developed and evaluated exclusively for Côte d'Ivoire's consumer price index; the transferability and performance of these hybrid architectures (SARIMAX-XGBoost, SARIMAX-LSTM, SARIMAX-Seq2Seq) across other African economies or countries with different inflation dynamics and seasonal patterns remains unexplored.

• Farm2Home - Digital Marketplace for Agricultural Products (2026) · doi

  The Farm2Home platform currently lacks mobile application implementation; the system has only been developed as a web-based marketplace, limiting accessibility for farmers and consumers who primarily access agricultural marketplaces via mobile devices in rural areas.

• Interpreting Primary Energy Consumption in Europe and Türkiye Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (2026) · doi

  The model demonstrates that GDP effects are heterogeneous (both positive and negative) across country-year combinations in the SHAP heatmap, but the paper does not identify threshold GDP levels or economic development stages where the relationship between GDP and primary energy consumption changes from linear to nonlinear for policy design purposes.

• Entrepreneurial Skills and Quantitative Decision - Making: The Role of Business Mathematics in Emerging Enterprises of Assam (2026) · doi

  The independent sample t-test reveals statistically significant sector-wise differences in quantitative decision-making (t=2.14, p=0.034) across manufacturing, service, and trade sectors, but the paper does not specify which sectors show higher/lower performance or examine sector-specific business mathematics training needs for emerging enterprises.

• Barriers to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Supply Chain Integration: An Interpretive Structural Modeling-Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (ISM-MICMAC)-Based Analytics Modeling Approach (2026) · doi

  The study identifies the need for standardized frameworks for data management and cybersecurity in AI-driven supply chains but does not specify what standardized framework components are needed (e.g., data interoperability standards, encryption protocols, compliance checkpoints) or how such frameworks should be validated across heterogeneous supply chain architectures.

• AGRI CONNECT: A Digital Platform for Direct Trade Between Farmers and Restaurants (2026) · doi

  Geographic coverage and logistics constraints for the direct trade model are not addressed. The platform does not specify delivery radius limits, transportation cost allocation mechanisms between farmers and restaurants, or how cold-chain management for perishable crops is coordinated in the digital workflow.

• Effect of Dietary Dried Mealworm Inclusion as Replacement of Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Fatty Acid Profile of Broilers (2026) · doi

  No economic cost-benefit analysis comparing dried mealworm meal at 10-20% inclusion against conventional soybean meal-based diets was provided; production cost, feed price, and profitability calculations are essential to evaluate commercial viability in poultry operations.

• Career Pathways for Social Sciences in the 21st Century (2026) · doi

  Policy support recommendations emphasize dedicated grants for AI ethics and computational social science but lack concrete guidelines on funding allocation, duration, and success metrics for these initiatives.

• O USO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NO MARKETING SOCIAL PARA O COMBATE À HESITAÇÃO VACINAL INFANTIL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM PARAÍSO DO TOCANTINS – TO (2026) · doi

  No structured evidence of AI tool utilization was identified in the municipality's social marketing strategies for health communication, representing both a challenge and strategic opportunity for modernization.

• Elliott Wave Formalization using Time Cycles & Liquidity Pool Dynamics: A Quantitative Approach (2026) · doi

  Real-world implementation of automated wave labelling by combining fractal filters, Hurst thresholds, and FFT cycle confirmations in signal pipelines needs further development and testing.

• Micro Housing in India as a sustainable response to urban housing shortages (2026) · doi

  There is insufficient discussion of barriers to private sector participation and the financial viability mechanisms beyond the proposed 25-40% equity support model.

• Regularized Vector Autoregressive Model for the Assessment of Macroeconomic Variables Associated with Inflation in Nigeria (2026) · doi

  The study focuses exclusively on Nigeria's inflation dynamics; extension of regularized VAR techniques to other emerging economies is needed to generalize findings.

• Challenges and Opportunities of Rural Entrepreneurship in Bastar District: A Socio-Economic Analysis (2026) · doi

  The paper identifies that middlemen capture significant value (producer share ~53–54%) but does not provide detailed mechanisms or strategies for disrupting these intermediary chains.

• A Multifactorial Analysis and Predictive Modeling Approach for Labor Cost Estimation in Civil Construction Projects (2026) · doi

  BIM's 15% accuracy improvement for labor cost estimation has only been demonstrated in large-scale projects with multiple trades; applicability to small and medium-sized projects remains unclear.

• Impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Pricing Strategies of Local Retail Businesses in India (2026) · doi

  The paper does not investigate the long-term sustainability of pricing strategies adopted post-GST implementation or examine how pricing practices have evolved beyond the initial adaptation period.

• Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas UMKM Desa Gedangan Sidoarjo (2026) · doi

  Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan digital yang dimiliki oleh sebagian pelaku UMKM; tidak semua pelaku usaha memahami cara menggunakan teknologi AI secara optimal dalam kegiatan bisnisnya.

• Artificial Intelligence for Modeling Investor Behavior and Market Sentiment Dynamics (2026) · doi

  The integration of natural language generation (NLG) and augmented reality (AR) for explaining AI findings in behavioral finance is mentioned as a future direction but lacks concrete research on how these interfaces should be designed or evaluated.

• Striking a balance: the crucial role of climate risk disclosure in correcting overvaluation and undervaluation in stock markets (2026) · doi

  While the study verifies three mediation channels for how climate risk disclosure affects stock mispricing, the analysis does not explore whether these mechanisms operate differently across firm types, industries, or geographic regions.

• Graph-theoretic Modeling of Smart Money Flows: Fibonacci Nodes, Wave Patterns, and Liquidity Networks (2026) · doi

  Integration with existing risk management systems, portfolio optimization algorithms, and real-world trading workflows requires further development and testing.

• Evaluating the impact of environmental taxes on energy use: evidence from OECD countries (2026) · doi

  The analysis abstracts from distributional outcomes, which are politically salient even if aggregate GDP is unaffected.

• Empirical and Machine Learning Forecasting for Offline Retail: Nonlinear Weather Effects and Heterogeneity (2026) · doi

  Import from India is not considered in the scenario analysis, despite India's expanding textile industry, limiting the comprehensiveness of the global cotton trade assessment.

• Optimal Ordering Policy for Delayed Deteriorating Items under the Effects of Stock-Dependent Demand Rate, Price Discounting, and Trade Credit Policy (2026) · doi

  While the model is presented as applicable to fashion items, electronics, and perishable goods, empirical validation across these diverse product categories is not demonstrated.