Data gaps in Economics

Representative open questions

Showing 30 of 46 — one per source paper, highest-quality first.

• Multi-asset optimal trade execution with stochastic cross-effects: An Obizhaeva–Wang-type framework (2026) · doi

  The framework incorporates stochastic cross-effects through the operator O and matrix Q, but empirical validation against real market data demonstrating the relevance of these cross-effect terms versus simpler single-asset or independent multi-asset models has not been provided. Calibration of the cross-effect parameters to actual equity, FX, or commodity market microstructure is absent.

• SSABE-TSCM: drift-aware and interpretable financial sentiment analysis for low-resource Bangla via adaptive semi-supervised and temporal contrastive modeling (2026) · doi

  The model confuses positive articles for neutral or negative when macroeconomic worries (e.g., inflation) overshadow small gains. Incorporating external macro-economic indicators (inflation rate, subsidy flags, taka devaluation metrics) as explicit features into SSABE-TSCM is needed to refine temporal context and reduce this confusion pattern in low-resource Bangla financial sentiment analysis.

• DÖVLƏT BORCU, ONUN İQTİSADİ MAHİYYƏTİ VƏ NÖVLƏRİ (2026) · doi

  The article asserts that internal borrowing constrains inflationary pressure better than external borrowing due to money supply effects, but provides no quantitative analysis of the specific monetary transmission mechanisms or empirical elasticity estimates for this relationship under varying inflation regimes.

• TEXNOLOGİYALARIN İQTİSADİ VƏ SOSİAL TƏSİRLƏRİNİN GÖSTƏRİCİLƏR ƏSASINDA QİYMƏTLƏNDİRİLMƏSİ (2026) · doi

  The paper identifies that small and medium enterprises gain global market access through digital technologies but does not provide empirical data on the specific market integration patterns, competitive outcomes, or sectoral variations in SME digital adoption across different economic contexts.

• Application of the Derivative Concept to Determine the Maximum Profit Point of Nasi Lengko Traders in Cirebon (2026) · doi

  The cost function model used in this derivative-based profit optimization relies solely on fixed costs due to incomplete variable cost data for Nasi Lengko vendors. Future research must collect detailed variable cost data (labor, ingredients, utilities) to construct accurate total cost functions that incorporate both fixed and variable components for derivative-based maximum profit analysis.

• An Empirical Study of Price Action, Return, Volatility and Risk in MCX vs International Exchange: A Comparative Analysis of Gold, Silver, Oil, Gas and Copper (2026) · doi

  The study covers only 2015-2024 commodity price data; extending the analysis to include pre-2015 periods and post-2024 data would determine whether the observed cointegration relationships between MCX and international exchanges (COMEX, NYMEX) remain stable across different market regimes, particularly during extreme events like the 2008 financial crisis or the 2020 pandemic.

• FOOD HABITS AND THE EMERGING HEALTH CRISIS AMONG INDIAN STUDENTS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CAUSES, EFFECTS AND IMPACT (2026) · doi

  Front-of-pack labeling and taxation policies on unhealthy foods are proposed for government intervention but no modeling studies exist estimating price elasticity of demand or consumption reduction rates specific to Indian student populations and food market conditions. Research must quantify the actual impact of taxation and labeling interventions on processed food purchasing behavior among Indian adolescents.

• FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG WOMEN EDUCATORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOUR (2026) · doi

  The study is geographically limited to West Bengal, India, a single state region. The conclusion explicitly calls for 'longitudinal and multi-state studies' but does not specify which states, institutional types, or regional economic conditions should be compared to test whether the identified predictors (income, professional experience, teaching stream) replicate across India's diverse higher education landscape.

• Entrepreneurial Skills and Quantitative Decision - Making: The Role of Business Mathematics in Emerging Enterprises of Assam (2026) · doi

  The study identifies a noticeable gap in entrepreneurs' quantitative and analytical capabilities despite high levels of entrepreneurial skills, but does not investigate the specific business mathematics competencies (e.g., financial forecasting, statistical analysis, cost-benefit analysis) that are most deficient in emerging enterprises of Assam or which mathematical skill deficits most impair quantitative decision-making.

• Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Kabul, Afghanistan (2026) · doi

  The study identifies that material recovery is driven by short-term economic value rather than environmental factors, yet lacks quantitative data on the cost-benefit thresholds that would incentivize recycling of non-biodegradable materials (concrete, soil, plastics); research should establish comparative economic models for different material types to determine viable market mechanisms for low-value C&D waste streams.

• Barriers to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Supply Chain Integration: An Interpretive Structural Modeling-Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (ISM-MICMAC)-Based Analytics Modeling Approach (2026) · doi

  The study identifies a significant gap between industry requirements and skills taught in educational institutions for AI-driven supply chains, but does not specify which particular AI competencies (e.g., machine learning model development, data pipeline architecture, supply chain domain knowledge) are most misaligned or how to quantify this gap empirically across different educational systems.

• AGRI CONNECT: A Digital Platform for Direct Trade Between Farmers and Restaurants (2026) · doi

  No user adoption or market penetration study is documented for AGRI CONNECT. The paper does not provide empirical data on farmer participation rates, restaurant uptake metrics, actual transaction volumes, or comparative pricing analysis between the platform and traditional supply chain intermediaries.

• SUNʼIY VA TABIIY INTELLEKT DIALEKTIKASINING GLOBAL XAVFSIZLIK, MEHNAT BOZORI, TAʼLIM VA MADANIYAT SOHALARIDA MOHIYATI (2026) · doi

  The dialectics of natural-artificial intellect in labor market stratification is theoretically discussed, but lacks empirical data on occupational categories most affected by automation, transition timelines for reskilling displaced workers, and comparative analysis of income inequality metrics before/after AI implementation in specific economic sectors.

• A Prognosis of South Africa's Cultural and Creative Industries: A Perspective Analysis from within the Creative Economy (2026) · doi

  The paper identifies a perceived disconnect between South Africa's creative industries' economic contribution to GDP and actual accessibility of funding for creatives, but provides no quantitative analysis comparing grant funding allocation across creative subsectors (visual arts, performing arts, digital media, heritage) to determine which sectors face the greatest funding gaps.

• Graph-theoretic Modeling of Smart Money Flows: Fibonacci Nodes, Wave Patterns, and Liquidity Networks (2026) · doi

  The framework was tested only on cryptocurrency (BTC/USDT) and equity futures (S&P 500); applicability to other asset classes such as forex, commodities, or fixed income markets remains unexplored.

• Empirical and Machine Learning Forecasting for Offline Retail: Nonlinear Weather Effects and Heterogeneity (2026) · doi

  Social impacts analysis relies on data from 2003-2006 and 2005 standards, which may not reflect current conditions or future developments in the textile industry.

• Regularized Vector Autoregressive Model for the Assessment of Macroeconomic Variables Associated with Inflation in Nigeria (2026) · doi

  Unlike previous studies in Nigeria that rely on conventional VAR models, this study provides empirical evidence on regularized techniques, but the scope is limited to a single country and time period.

• Challenges and Opportunities of Rural Entrepreneurship in Bastar District: A Socio-Economic Analysis (2026) · doi

  The paper does not provide empirical data on the effectiveness or adoption rates of digital platforms (ONDC integration) for tribal entrepreneurs in rural Bastar.

• Service encounters and the manufacture of harm: violence in the service economy under late-modernity (2026) · doi

  The study uses three case studies of violence against delivery drivers in the UK; broader empirical investigation across different geographic and economic contexts is needed.

• Impact of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on Pricing Strategies of Local Retail Businesses in India (2026) · doi

  The study acknowledges that small retailers initially experienced difficulties in adjusting to GST requirements such as digital return submission and invoice preparation, but does not provide detailed analysis of the specific nature and duration of these adaptation challenges.

• Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Private Economic Development Policies in Vietnam Today (2026) · doi

  The paper states that over 95% of Vietnamese businesses are SMEs with limitations in capital, management, and technology, but does not provide detailed sectoral or size-based analysis of absorption capacity differences.

• Ownership structure, firm age, and technological capital as determinants of firm performance and value (2026) · doi

  The adjusted R-square value in the extended model is relatively low at 0.09 (9%), indicating that firm value is not fully explained by the four independent variables included in this study.

• A Review of International Marketing Research for Chinese Medicine Health Products (2026) · doi

  Research on policy regulations, consumer demand, and competitive landscapes in emerging markets such as Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East is severely inadequate, undermining the global expansion of the TCM industry.

• Career Pathways for Social Sciences in the 21st Century (2026) · doi

  The paper recommends specific certifications and practical experiences for graduates but does not provide empirical evidence on which credentials most effectively improve employability or protect against automation risks.

• Striking a balance: the crucial role of climate risk disclosure in correcting overvaluation and undervaluation in stock markets (2026) · doi

  The study does not address whether the effectiveness of climate risk disclosure in correcting mispricing differs based on the quality, comprehensiveness, or timeliness of the disclosure itself.

• Price Prediction of Used Cars Using Machine Learning Techniques (2026) · doi

  The study does not incorporate market demand trends, vehicle condition assessments, or regional economic factors that could influence used car pricing predictions.

• Evaluating the impact of environmental taxes on energy use: evidence from OECD countries (2026) · doi

  Although effective tax rates and emissions factors are carefully constructed, measurement error and aggregation may obscure heterogeneity across sectors and households.

• Construction Material Market Volatility on Project Budgetary Risk and Contingency Planning (2026) · doi

  Limited empirical data on the effectiveness and comparative success rates of different risk mitigation strategies (advanced procurement, supplier diversification, alternative materials) across various project types and geographic contexts.

• Effect of physicochemical methods on tannin removal, vitamin C, polyphenol, and antioxidant activity in cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) (2026) · doi

  No data on the sensory properties, organoleptic characteristics, or consumer acceptability of the juice after different tannin removal treatments were provided.

• Employment Alignment and Salary Satisfaction among Doctoral-Level High-Skilled Talent in Taiwan (2026) · doi

  The paper does not examine longitudinal effects of overseas experience on domestic reintegration or long-term career trajectories after international work.