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Open research questions in Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques

54 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 275 Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The lack of affordable, non-invasive diagnostic methods for pancreatic cancer. The need for improved diagnostic accuracy and predictive capabilities in clinical settings.

    A Low-Cost and Sensitive Nanoengineered Electrochemical Biosensor for Early Pancreatic Cancer Prediction: Methodology and ML Models · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for sensitive, quick, and affordable technologies for cancer biomarker detection. Current methods for cancer diagnosis are often expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized equipment.

    Electrochemical Paper-based Immunosensor Incorporating Ag-CuO and PEDOT:PSS for EpCAM Detection · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a sensitive and selective detection method for chloramphenicol. Relevant research on ECL aptasensors for CAP detection remains limited.

    A novel electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on “ON–OFF–ON” signal switching strategy for chloramphenicol detection · 2026 · DOI

  • The detection of foodborne pathogens in complex food and environmental matrices. The need for high sensitivity and specificity in detection methods. The requirement for rapid detection to prevent disease outbreaks.

    Fluorescent covalent organic framework and multivalent aptamer-driven magnetic nanoplatform for sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens · 2026 · DOI

  • High costs and complex procedures of conventional detection methods. Limited real-time capabilities of traditional rapid analysis methods. Cost control and large-scale manufacturing capabilities of electrochemical immunosensors.

    Research progress on electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of cardiovascular biomarkers · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited channel modulation efficiency near the semiconductor interface in traditional FET sensors. Interfering components in complex matrices that may affect target capture and signal transduction.

    Micromotor-assisted graphene field-effect transistor for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in complex matrices · 2026 · DOI

  • The high steric hindrance and reduced packing density associated with using long DNA sequences. The need for rapid and sensitive detection of Ara h 1 in food samples.

    A truncated aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive Ara h 1 determination on gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrodes · 2026 · DOI

  • The study focuses primarily on Co2+ coordination; broader investigation of other divalent metal ions under magnetic fields could strengthen generalizability.

    Aptamers with magnetically tunable affinity for divalent cobalt ions · 2026 · DOI

  • Some experiments were performed only in duplicate rather than in triplicate (Fig. 2c, d; Fig. 3d, e; Fig. 6c, d; and Supplementary Figs. 2, 12-17, 18, 20, 21), which may limit statistical robustness.

    Aptamers with magnetically tunable affinity for divalent cobalt ions · 2026 · DOI

  • Electrochemical immunosensors may have limitations for antigen analysis in real patient samples, as other HE4 immunosensors used for real patient sample analysis are based on SPR, LSPR, and PEC rather than electrochemical methods.

    Portable electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care testing of ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 in commercial human blood serum samples · 2026 · DOI

  • No label-free electrochemical HE4 immunosensors have previously measured HE4 levels directly at pM concentrations, representing a gap in the existing literature.

    Portable electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care testing of ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 in commercial human blood serum samples · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of rapid and ultrasensitive detection methods for P. aeruginosa. The need for a sensing strategy with high selectivity against other bacterial species. The requirement for a platform with potential for point-of-care diagnostics and real-time infection monitoring.

    Dual-mode electrochemical and colorimetric biosensing platform using MOF-stabilized iron nanoclusters for ultrasensitive detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional in situ HCR is primarily optimized for fluorescence detection, limiting its applicability in routine pathology and in tissues with strong autofluorescence. There is a need for a chromogenic in situ HCR protocol that achieves sensitivity comparable to fluorescent in situ HCR.

    Methodological framework for chromogenic mRNA detection using in situ hybridization chain reaction · 2026 · DOI

  • Testing de novo alenomer discovery using much larger, naive libraries and targets lacking known aptamers. Further improving alenomer affinity by focusing on aromatic amino acids.

    Unlocking chemical diversity in aptamers with DNA orthogonal barcodes · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited therapeutic potential of aptamers due to their composition. The need for conservative enzyme-compatible modifications in SELEX.

    Unlocking chemical diversity in aptamers with DNA orthogonal barcodes · 2026 · DOI

  • Reproducibility remains a major problem in nanomaterial biosensors. Differences in electrode preparation, thickness of nanomaterial films, nonuniform dispersion, and agglomeration can affect device-to-device variations. Toxicity concerns of some nanomaterials are significant obstacles to commercialization.

    Nanomaterial-Assisted Biosensors for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Recent Developments and Challenges · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of wearable biosensors, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, and artificial intelligence-integrated sensing platforms. The use of hybrid nanomaterials for multifunctional sensing and enzyme-free aptasensors. The expansion of utility in precision medicine and biopharmaceuticals.

    Nanomaterial-Assisted Biosensors for Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Recent Developments and Challenges · 2026 · DOI

  • To further explore the applications of DNA nanotechnology in various fields, - To improve the control over the growth of nanomaterials, - To develop new methods for the fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials

    DNA-guided Fabrication of Inorganic Nanomaterials and Their Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • to their DNA has emerged as a versatile and powerful platform for guiding the fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials. DNA nanostructure allows precise spatial organization of nanoparticles due intrinsic programmability. Meanwhile, DNA nanostructures can be designed and fabricated to dynamic scaffolds which enable the stimulusresponsive reconfiguration. These features integrated with the specific physicochemical properties of inorganic nanomaterials provide highly controlled, multifunctional, and tunable platforms for promising applications, such as and optical biomedicine.

    DNA-guided Fabrication of Inorganic Nanomaterials and Their Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of highly reliable and sensitive detection methods for CEA remains an urgent priority in cancer diagnostics. Conventional immunoassay methods have limitations in terms of sensitivity and cost-effectiveness.

    A sensitive and cost-effective “turn-on” aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen using Ce-UiO-66 as an ultraefficient nanoquencher · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the proposed Ce-UiO-66-based fluorescent apta- sensor shows clear advantages in detection sensitivity and cost, a key limitation is that the current system has only been validated in diluted artificial serum. This suggests that the method may encounter matrix effects when applied to complex real-world serum samples, such as competitive adsorption between serum proteins and the free FAM- aptamer [102]. This challenge is also common to many physisorption-based aptasensors [102, 103]. As established in prior reports, to avoid matrix effects, serum samples used for method validation are typically significantly diluted, and in some cases, further filtration is required after dilution [42, 104, 105]. Beyond matrix effects, the presence of endog- enous nucleases in real human serum represents another potential barrier to practical application, as nuclease-medi- ated degradation may impair the structural integrity and recognition ability of the FAM-Aptamer during detection. Therefore, the clinical applicability of the current work requires further optimization. In addition, although the assay duration has been short- ened to some extent compared with most recently reported aptasensors for CEA detecting, the overall procedure still takes approximately 90 min. While this duration ensures suf- ficient target recognition and stable fluorescence readout, it also highlights a gap toward point-of-care or rapid clinical applications.

    A sensitive and cost-effective “turn-on” aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen using Ce-UiO-66 as an ultraefficient nanoquencher · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional quality control tests for Diphtheria vaccines have limitations. There is a need for a more sensitive and specific method for Diphtheria toxoid detection.

    Development of a quality control test for diphtheria vaccine based on an electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional detection methods have inherent drawbacks that limit their efficacy in rapid diagnostics. There is a need for rapid and sensitive detection methods for foodborne pathogens.

    Fluorescent covalent organic framework and multivalent aptamer-driven magnetic nanoplatform for sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of sensing methods that integrate operational simplicity, low cost, and high detection performance. The exploration of new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prevention of CVDs. The improvement of the cost-effectiveness and large-scale manufacturing capabilities of electrochemical immunosensors.

    Research progress on electrochemical immunosensors for the detection of cardiovascular biomarkers · 2026 · DOI

  • Exploring the application of the mechanism to derive approximate thresholds within specific membrane domains. Investigating the use of meso-scale mechanical properties to control the assembly threshold. Applying the theory to other systems that require detection of receptors at controlled times and places.

    Membrane-associated self-assembly for cellular decision-making · 2026 · DOI

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54 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 275 Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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