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Open research questions in Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology

89 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 397 Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Limited reference data on gammaherpesviruses of deer in Europe. Difficulty in detecting herpesvirus infections due to the lack of distinctive clinical symptoms. Need for further research on the ecology and transmission of herpesvirus infections in cervids.

    Ecology driven patterns of herpesvirus spread in cervids in Poland · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not provide information on the pathogenicity of the identified herpesviruses, - The study only investigated the presence of herpesvirus DNA and BoHV-4 specific antibodies, - The sample size for some deer species, such as moose, was limited

    Ecology driven patterns of herpesvirus spread in cervids in Poland · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective disinfection methods at sub-zero temperatures. The need for a cryoprotective additive to maintain disinfectant efficacy in cold environments.

    Propylene glycol maintains the virucidal efficacy of disinfectants at sub-zero temperatures: implications for African swine fever biosecurity · 2026 · DOI

  • The high susceptibility of FMDV to thermal and physical degradation. The need for effective thermostabilizing formulations to enhance the thermal stability of FMDV serotype O strains. The challenge of establishing domestic FMD vaccine production infrastructure and developing indigenous vaccine strains and manufacturing technologies.

    Novel Thermostabilizing Formulation for Enhanced Stability of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus During Storage and Environmental Stress · 2026 · DOI

  • investigating the mechanisms by which CVS exerts its stabilizing effects, - evaluating the effects of CVS on other FMDV serotypes and strains, - developing domestic FMD vaccine production infrastructure

    Novel Thermostabilizing Formulation for Enhanced Stability of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus During Storage and Environmental Stress · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies challenges in distinguishing between ASF and CSF due to similar clinical signs. It highlights the need for standardizing diagnostic procedures for ASF and CSF. The exercise reveals variability in laboratory capacity and workflow preferences among participating laboratories.

    Multi-laboratory proficiency assessment for molecular and serological diagnosis of classical and African swine fever in the Americas · 2026 · DOI

  • Variability in laboratory capacity and workflow preferences among participating laboratories, - Limited to 16 international laboratories from 11 countries, - No information on long-term stability of viral nucleic acids beyond 30 days

    Multi-laboratory proficiency assessment for molecular and serological diagnosis of classical and African swine fever in the Americas · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the bovine tissue-specific expression pattern of IFNLR1 has not been previously characterized.

    Characterization of tissue-specific type III interferon (IFN-λ3) receptor (IL-10R2/IFNLR1) transcript and protein expression in bovine immune and epithelial cells 2217 · 2025 · DOI

  • Introduction: ), particularly in Qinghai Province, remains insufficiently understood.

    Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of BVDV in yaks (Bos gruniens) in Qinghai, China: high prevalence and dominance of BVDV-1u · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and host range of the virus remains poorly understood.

    Detection and characterization of bovine hepacivirus in cattle and sheep from Hulunbuir, northeastern China · 2025 · DOI

  • However, how ASFV manipulates the cell population to drive high-efficient replication of the virus in vivo remains unclear.

    Single-cell profiling of African swine fever virus disease in the pig spleen reveals viral and host dynamics · 2024 · DOI

  • However, whether and how ASFV induces macrophage necroptosis and the effect of necroptosis signaling on host immunity and ASFV infection remains unknown.

    ASFV infection induces macrophage necroptosis and releases proinflammatory cytokine by ZBP1-RIPK3-MLKL necrosome activation · 2024 · DOI

  • Further studies on the pathogenicity of the virus indicated that this strain caused severe diarrhea, fever, and intestinal and lung damage in 7-day-old piglets, resulting in their death.

    Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent group III porcine Getah virus in China · 2024 · DOI

  • At present, few studies have examined the pathogenicity of GETV in pigs of different ages.

    Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent group III porcine Getah virus in China · 2024 · DOI

  • While the crucial role of interferon (IFN) in combating viral infections is well-established, its impact on the clinical signs and mortality rates of ASF remains unclear.

    Swine IFN cocktail can reduce mortality and lessen the tissue injury caused by African swine-fever-virus-infected piglets · 2024 · DOI

  • With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies.

    African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies · 2024 · DOI

  • This study underscores the need for a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to terminology, advocating for future research to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps in understanding working equids globally.

    What Is a Working Equid? Analysis of Current Terminology and a Suggested Definition · 2024 · DOI

  • This study identified gaps in knowledge and adoption of practices most often related to local-level or less experienced veterinary staff with limited training opportunities in epidemiology.

    Investigating the workforce capacity and needs for animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation: a mixed-methods study of veterinary services in Vietnam · 2024 · DOI

  • The disease is contagious and caused by a virus of the genus Lentivirus. The disease has been found on all continents since 1980. There is a need for annual research on horses to control IAH.

    Infectious anemia of horses in St. Petersburg for 2018–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for annual research on horses to control IAH. The study identifies a gap in the current understanding of the epizootic situation in St. Petersburg.

    Infectious anemia of horses in St. Petersburg for 2018–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to develop DIVA vaccines for diseases such as Classical Swine Fever and Avian Influenza. The development of new companion diagnostic tests is needed to improve the accuracy of the DIVA strategy. The application of the DIVA strategy in other countries and regions is needed to control and eradicate diseases.

    Diva strategy in animal disease control and eradication: a review · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of availability of DIVA vaccines for certain diseases. The need for further research to develop DIVA vaccines for diseases such as Classical Swine Fever and Avian Influenza. The limitation of the DIVA strategy in terms of vaccine purity and the potential for false positive ELISA results.

    Diva strategy in animal disease control and eradication: a review · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term efficacy of the developed vaccine. Additional research is required to examine the potential influence of porcine SLA polymorphism on epitope presentation. Future studies should aim to develop vaccines that target multiple nonstructural proteins.

    T cell responses to nonstructural proteins promote cross-serotype immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited identification of porcine Th cell and CTL epitopes has hindered the incorporation of T-cell targeted strategies into FMD vaccine design. The lack of effective cross-protection between FMDV serotypes is a significant challenge. The need for novel FMDV vaccines with broad-spectrum protective efficacy is urgent.

    T cell responses to nonstructural proteins promote cross-serotype immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a diagnostic tool for simultaneous detection of BVDV and E. coli. Current methods may not be effective for simultaneous detection of both pathogens.

    Development of a multiplex fluorescent qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus and pathogenic Escherichia coli · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology

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89 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 397 Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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