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Open research questions in Animal Virus Infections Studies

1,068 gap statements mined from Animal Virus Infections Studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,673 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Consequently, the molecular basis for variable efficacy across different drug administration schedules and the potential interaction between SSB2 and host cell proliferation pathways remain unclear.

    In Vitro Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Saikosaponin B2 Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrheal Virus · 2026 · DOI

  • There is growing evidence concerning an association between TTV-DNA load and risk of rejection and infection but the data are mainly derived from adult Tx recipients as there are scant pediatric data and these are limited to a few monocentric studies.

    Immune monitoring by Torque Teno virus load in addition to virus-specific T cells after pediatric kidney transplantation · 2026 · DOI

  • Although major gains have been made in recent years in better understanding the molecular mechanisms of EMCV pathogenesis, the ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus in the United States remains vastly understudied, despite repeated zoological outbreaks.

    Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States: Virus evolution, host ecology, and capsid antigenicity derived from an outbreak · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the full spectrum of the host range for EMCV remains unclear, many mammalian species appear to be susceptible to infection and clinical disease.

    Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States: Virus evolution, host ecology, and capsid antigenicity derived from an outbreak · 2026 · DOI

  • The competence of other cell lines for SOV should be investigated since using cell culture supernatant, instead of pooled SOV positive nasal swabs, could significanlty improve the success of experimental SOV infections and reduce the chances of acquiring additional infections. Isolation of SOV using Hep-2, A549, Vero, and HeLa cell lines should be explored since these have previously been used to isolate HRSV.

    Experimental inoculation of pigs with porcine parainfluenza virus 1 revealed pathological manifestations in the upper respiratory tract · 2026 · DOI

  • Kobuviruses have been identified in a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle, swine, dogs, cats, sheep, rodents, and bats, but their biological and pathogenic significance in carnivores remains incompletely understood.

    Aichivirus a Infection Associated with Severe Enteric and Respiratory Disease in a Captive White Lion (Panthera leo) · 2026 · DOI

  • An additional difference in UL36 was detected between p8 and p11, but its ancestral state could not be determined due to unresolved homologous positions.

    Genome-Wide Characterization of a Recombinant BoAHV-1 ΔgE/β-gal Vaccine Strain Reveals an Unintended Multi-Gene Deletion · 2026 · DOI

  • The origin and routes of PCV3 circulation in the Philippines remain unknown. Although wildlife was not investigated in this study, potential domestic pig–wild suid interfaces deserve consideration in future surveillance studies, particularly where free-ranging production systems occur. The additional association with reported place of origin supports further investigation of animal-source networks.

    First Serosurvey of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Central Luzon, Philippines · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should focus on three complementary directions. Therefore, whether these protective effects can be reproduced in pigs of different ages and physiological conditions, particularly in gestating sows, finishing pigs, and naturally infected commercial herds, remains to be determined.

    Hydroxychloroquine suppresses replication of PRRSV via dual regulation of autophagic flux and NF-κB-driven inflammatory signaling · 2026 · DOI

  • However, there are limited data to support this hypothesis. To our knowledge, systematic studies comparing the diagnostic sensitivity of different sample types for CAV-1 detection in mink are currently lacking in the literature.

    Emergence of canine adenovirus infection in mink from five provinces in Northern China · 2026 · DOI

  • In future studies, we will further explore the role of CNTFRα in different ALV subgroups and host cell models, becauseit remains unclear whether the same mechanism exists in other ALV strains or cell types.

    CNTFRα Facilitates Recombinant ALV Replication Through PI3K/Akt-Associated Regulation of Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited information is available regarding comparison between clinical outcomes and post-treatment imaging findings in cats with the neurologic form of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).

    Clinical and imaging findings after antiviral treatment in cats with presumptive neurologic feline infectious peritonitis: 9 cases (2020-2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • Antiviral therapy for cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) has traditionally been administered for 84 days, although the optimal duration of molnupiravir treatment remains unknown.

    Outcomes of a 42-day course of molnupiravir in cats with feline infectious peritonitis: a prospective descriptive study · 2026 · DOI

  • Although we did not evaluate canonical M1/M2 markers, such as iNOS or Arg-1, future investigations will explore the interplay between NLRP3 activation and macrophage polarization in the context of IBV pathogenesis.

    NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Restricts Viral Replication by Inducing Pyroptosis in Chicken HD11 Cells During Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection · 2025 · DOI

  • Given the strain-dependent variations, further investigation into these molecular mechanisms is crucial for advancing antiviral therapies and improving in vitro models for studying IBV and other viral infections.

    Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E2 Pathway Facilitates Infectious Bronchitis Virus-Induced Necroptosis in Chicken Macrophages, a Caspase-Independent Cell Death · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigations into the occurrence of co-infections by different PRRSV variants are warranted, particularly at the level of the individual host.

    Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA · 2025 · DOI

  • Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the UPR pathways by THEV remain to be clearly unraveled. Also, whether and how the ER stress response affects THEV infection and pathogenicity should be studied. While the temporal changes in host gene expression for a THEV infection have not been characterized in prior studies, our data suggest that during the first 24 hpi, cell growth was suppressed.

    Turkey B Cell Transcriptome Profile During Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (THEV) Infection Highlights Upregulated Apoptosis and Breakdown Pathways That May Mediate Immunosuppression · 2025 · DOI

  • Recombination analysis using RDP4 indicated that the 2021-HBMC strain might have originated from a recombination event, with the minor parent identified as FJzz1, although the major parent remains undetermined.

    Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus G2c Strains Circulating in China from 2021 to 2024 · 2025 · DOI

  • While NAMT technology is primarily developed to meet the market demands of human medicine, it is important to note that there are no technical or methodological limitations between human and veterinary medicine in the development of multiplex diagnostic assays with NAMT technology.

    Advancements in Modern Nucleic Acid-Based Multiplex Testing Methodologies for the Diagnosis of Swine Infectious Diseases · 2025 · DOI

  • These conflicting findings underscore the complex relationship between viremia, antibody response, and vaccine efficacy and highlight that the protective mechanism of different vaccines remains unclear. Of particular interest, this level of viremia was significantly higher than that reported for the SD-R strain in previous studies, a finding that warrants further examination.

    A Live-Attenuated Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Against the Emerging NADC34-Like PRRSV · 2025 · DOI

  • A limitation of this study is the relatively short sampling period, which may not capture long-term seasonal or anthropogenic influences on virome composition. Indeed, few studies have leveraged these facilities either to monitor the health status of admitted animals or to systematically collect samples. However, multispecies ecosystem-level virome surveys remain scarce.

    Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Virome in Wild Mammals Hospitalized in Pisa, Italy · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the underlying mechanism of this adaptation remains unclear. Field IBV strains generally lack replication capabilities in Vero cells, although some strains are capable of replicating in primary chicken cells, such as chick kidney (CK) cells and chick embryo fibroblasts (DF1).

    Five Amino Acid Substitutions in the S1 Unit of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Are Critical Determinants Enhancing Its Adaptation to Vero Cells · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research will focus on in vivo studies, including challenge experiments on piglets and pregnant sows to evaluate its clinical morbidity, virulence, and pathogenicity. The clinical symptoms and mortality observed in vaccinated pigs on the farm underscore the epidemiological relevance and potential for severe impact of this novel strain, necessitating further investigation into its pathogenicity.

    Molecular Characterization of a Recombinant NADC30-like PRRSV Strain with a Novel Gene Deletion Pattern in Nsp2 Gene · 2025 · DOI

  • The genetic improvement of the vaccination response to PRRSV in gilts could be investigated through the integration of genomic and marker-assisted technologies.

    Validation of Polymorphisms Associated with the Immune Response After Vaccination Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Yorkshire Gilts · 2025 · DOI

  • Continuous evolution, driven by nucleotide substitutions (e.g., VP2 at ~5.47 × 10−5 subs/site/year) and recombination (notably in PPV2), poses challenges for diagnostics and vaccine matching. Critical amino acid variations in structural proteins (e.g., VP2 residues 20, 82, 436, 565) underpin geographic adaptation and potential antigenic drift.

    Porcine Parvovirus in China: Recent Advances, Epidemiology, and Vaccine Strategies · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Animal Virus Infections Studies

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The molecular basis for variable efficacy across different drug administration schedules and the potential interaction between SSB2 and host cell proliferation pathways remain unclear (“In Vitro Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Saikosaponin B2 Against Porcine…”, 2026); (2) Although the full spectrum of the host range for EMCV remains unclear, many mammalian species appear to be susceptible to infection and clinical disease (“Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States:…”, 2026); (3) Kobuviruses have been identified in a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle, swine, dogs, cats, sheep, rodents, and bats, but their biological and pathogenic significance in carnivores remains incompletely understood (“Aichivirus a Infection Associated with Severe Enteric and Respiratory Disease…”, 2026); (4) The origin and routes of PCV3 circulation in the Philippines remain unknown (“First Serosurvey of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Central Luzon, Philippines”, 2026); (5) Future studies should focus on three complementary directions (“Hydroxychloroquine suppresses replication of PRRSV via dual regulation of…”, 2026). 1,068 gap statements have been mined from Animal Virus Infections Studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,673 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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