Open research questions in Education, Law, and Society
67 gap statements mined from Education, Law, and Society papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 972 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The previous supervisory procedure had limitations and drawbacks. There was a need for a more efficient mechanism for reviewing court decisions. The new judicial review body aims to address these limitations.
Thereby, when the division of competences between different authorities in LEAs landscape and state bodies is not clearly defined, a risk is created of duplication of efforts and gaps in law enforcement (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2017a: 46).
Inconsistencies between the CPC and the Prosecutor General’s Order No. The lack of detailed regulations defining the algorithms for using electronic resources during specific investigative actions.
PROBLEMS OF ELECTRONIC CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN KAZAKHSTAN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIGITAL INVESTIGATION MODELS · 2026 · DOIThe research reveals a lack of detailed regulations defining the algorithms for using electronic resources during specific investigative actions.
PROBLEMS OF ELECTRONIC CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN KAZAKHSTAN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIGITAL INVESTIGATION MODELS · 2026 · DOIThe lack of a comprehensive digitalization strategy for Kazakhstan's penal correction system. The need to protect human rights and maintain algorithmic transparency in the implementation of digital technologies. The need to individualize rehabilitation approaches in the penal correction system.
MEANS AND METHODS OF CONVICT CORRECTION: FROM CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES · 2026 · DOIThere is a need to analyze the legal regulations in the Republic of North Macedonia related to tax evasion and concealment.
It highlights the need to address problematic issues of forensic support.
Criminal Offences Against the Fundamentals of Ukraine’s National Security under Martial Law: Problematic Issues of Forensic Support for Pre-Trial Investigation · 2026 · DOIThe existing regulations are no longer considered adequate to address contemporary legal developments and societal needs. The absence of a clear distinction between unsuccessful public policy and public policy that causes state losses continues to create uncertainty in legal interpretation and enforcement.
Presidential Authority In Granting Abolition To Convicted Individuals In Cases Involving Public Policies That Result In State Losses · 2026 · DOIThe lack of analysis on the legal risks a notary faces when neglecting this obligation. The lack of understanding of the importance of fingerprinting as a constitutive safeguard of authenticity.
Legal Analysis of the Notary's Obligation to Affix the Appearers' Fingerprints on the Minuta (Original) Deed · 2026 · DOILack of cooperation between law-enforcement and supervisory authorities. Insufficient prosecutorial supervision.
Ensuring the Rights, Freedoms, and Legitimate Interests of Minors at the Pre-Trial Stages of Criminal Proceedings: The Example of Prosecutorial Supervision in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region · 2026 · DOIThe study does not provide a comprehensive analysis of all procedural guarantees. The research is limited to the Iraqi context and may not be generalizable to other countries.
Future research could examine the implementation of legislative changes to improve procedural guarantees. The study's findings could be used to inform the development of new laws and regulations governing public employment.
The paper identifies the need to improve the methodological basis of complex psychological and linguistic forensic examination. The paper identifies the need to provide a clear alignment between psychological and linguistic examination results and the law enforcement system.
Features of Systematic Approach to Complex Linguistic and Psychological Examination of Forensic Examination Objects · 2026 · DOIThe paper identifies methodological dilemmas in action research, including the question of research rigor and the limited possibility of generalizing findings. It highlights the challenge of developing flexible and inclusive models of intervention based on the needs of participants.
The paper mentions that action research has limitations, including the question of research rigor and the limited possibility of generalizing findings. It also notes that the qualitative nature of action research opens up space for certain methodological dilemmas.
The study argues that a legally codified model of proactive prosecutorial activity is necessary to fill this gap.
Proactive Prosecutorial Oversight for Ensuring the Rule of Law in State Administration through a Risk-Based Model · 2026 · DOIThe lack of complete information on criminal encroachments on budgetary funds hinders the effective organization of the Department of Strategic Investigations. The presence of highly organized criminal groups creates a gap in the work of law enforcement agencies.
ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STRATEGIC INVESTIGATIONS TO PROTECT BUDGETARY FUNDS FROM CRIMINAL ENCROACHMENTS · 2023 · DOIAs a result, the new legal means against illegal income and corruption leave space for applying inadequate repression beyond their intended purpose, in addition, they criminalise human conduct that is insufficiently dangerous and create preconditions for senseless criminal prosecutions and violation of human rights.
Baudžiamųjų įstatymų leidyba prieš neteisėtas pajamas ir korupciją: tarp gerų siekių ir legitimumo · 2012The assessment of whether the scientific achievements indicated by the applicant for the award of the degree of doktor habilitowany represent a significant contribution to the development of the discipline of legal sciences is difficult due to the vagueness of this concept.
Existing studies have not provided an adequate structure regarding the division of oversight authority between the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission. The implementation of the division of oversight authority is not always in line with the expected constitutional design.
The authors examine in detail the deep-seated antinomy inherent in this legal phenomenon: on the one hand, the principle provides the investigator with the necessary scope for professional discretion based on inner conviction; on the other hand, this discretion is strictly limited by a system of legal, institutional, and ethical frameworks that form the “contours of legality.
THE DUAL NATURE OF FREE EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE: AN ABSOLUTE PRINCIPLE AND ITS LIMITED IMPLEMENTATION IN INVESTIGATIVE PRACTICE · 2026 · DOIThe Committee’s possible decision denying the said access may concern a specific part of the material, or particular documents therein, as well as may be temporary in nature – for example, limited to the time of undertaking certain actions to eliminate the risk of distortion of the existing evidence, in the event the case files are made available to the person indicated in the said motion.
Opinia prawna na temat dostępu osoby objętej wstępnym wnioskiem o pociągnięcie do odpowiedzialności konstytucyjnej przed Trybunałem Stanu, w trakcie trwania postępowania w sprawie tego wniosku, do materiału dowodowego zgromadzonego przez Komisję Odpowiedzialności Konstytucyjnej · 2025 · DOIElectronic evidence presents serious legal challenges concerning authenticity, admissibility, jurisdiction, and human rights protection.
The paper identifies a gap in understanding the implications of officer removal in the US presidential system.
Samuel L. Bray, Remedies in the officer removal cases (Środki zaradcze w sprawach odwołania funkcjonariuszy) · 2026 · DOIThe unclear division of authority between the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission. The weak binding power of the Judicial Commission's recommendations. The unclear boundaries between judicial technicalities or legal errors and codes of ethics or judicial misconduct.
Most-cited papers in Education, Law, and Society
- A Death in the Bureaucracy: The Demise of Federal PPB · Public Administration Review · 1973 · 67 citations
- An Approach to Problems of Evidence in the Administrative Process · Harvard Law Review · 1942 · 51 citations
- Prosecutors and Their Agents, Agents and Their Prosecutors · Columbia Law Review · 2003 · 29 citations
- Legal Theory and the Obligation of a Judge: The Hart/Dworkin Dispute · Michigan Law Review · 1977 · 26 citations
- Internal Administrative Law · Michigan Law Review · 2017 · 26 citations
- The Organization of Prosecution and the Possibility of Order · Law & Society Review · 1998 · 22 citations
- Prosecutorial Discretion within the International Criminal Court · Journal of International Criminal Justice · 2004 · 20 citations
- Principles of a Rational Penal Code · Harvard Law Review · 1928 · 19 citations
- The Administrative Procedure Act: The Beginnings · Virginia Law Review · 1986 · 18 citations
- Discretion in the “Backyard of Law”: Case Handling of Debt Relief in Sweden · Professions and Professionalism · 2013 · 17 citations
Most recent work
- Criminal Offences Against the Fundamentals of Ukraine’s National Security under Martial Law: Problematic Issues of Forensic Support for Pre-Trial Investigation · Uzhhorod National University Herald Series Law · 2026
- The Legal Procedural Guarantees of The Iraqi Public Employment in Disciplinary Cases · South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities · 2026
- PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS OF REVIEW OF COURT DECISIONS IN COURT ACTIVITY · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
- DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND CHALLENGES · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
- Forensic Expertises and Iso 17025 Standard (Case Study Bosnia And Herzegovina) · Kriminalističke teme · 2026
- Judicial Police Powers of Special Operations Directorate Officers · Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series VII Social Sciences • Law · 2026
- Tax police and tax crime in Serbia · Nauka bezbednost policija · 2026
- PROBLEMS OF ELECTRONIC CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN KAZAKHSTAN AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIGITAL INVESTIGATION MODELS · Journal of actual problems of jurisprudence · 2026
- MEANS AND METHODS OF CONVICT CORRECTION: FROM CLASSICAL APPROACHES TO DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES · Journal of actual problems of jurisprudence · 2026
- Legal status of disciplinary judiciary of judges of common courts in Poland and its evaluation · Roczniki Administracji i Prawa · 2026
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