Science AI Journal
Computer Science · Research topic

Open research questions in Educational Research and Pedagogy

78 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,769 Educational Research and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Recommendation 10: The practice doctorate be the graduate degree for advanced nursing practice preparation, including but not limited to the four current APN roles: clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, and nurse practitioner. 10: The practice doctorate be the graduate degree for advanced nursing practice preparation, including but not limited to the four current APN roles: clinical nurse specialist, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, and nurse practitioner.

    Teaching DNP Students Evidence-Based Practice and Quality Improvement · 2026 · DOI

  • In this study, the t-test analysis showed no significant difference in TPACK and goal orientation between pre-service and in-service social science teach- ers. A strong positive relationship was identified between TPACK and goal orientation in both groups, with goal orientation emerging as a significant predictor of TPACK. It indicates that teachers who establish professional development goals are more likely to enhance their techno-pedagogical skills, thereby benefiting student learning. This study is among the few that empiri- cally link motivational orientations to TPACK in the Indian teacher education context, offering new insights into the motivational factors influencing tech- nology integration. While the present study offers valuable insights into the relationship between TPACK and goal orientation among pre-service and in-service social science teachers, future research could build on these findings in several ways. Longitudinal studies could examine how goal orientation and TPACK evolve over time, particularly as teachers transition from training to practical applica- tion, to elucidate the long-term effects of motivational beliefs and professional development on TPACK skills. Additionally, future research could include teachers from other subjects, such as science, mathematics, and languages, to see if similar patterns exist across disciplines. It would also be beneficial to examine contextual factors like institutional climate, access to technology, and cultural influences to gain a more comprehensive understanding of TPACK development. Experimental studies could test the effectiveness of specific inter- ventions, such as mentorship programmes and reflective practices, in improv- ing TPACK and goal orientation. Finally, exploring students’ perspectives on teachers’ TPACK and its effects on engagement, motivation, and achievement can provide deeper insights into how technology integration influences learn- ing outcomes, supporting more effective and equitable teaching practices in increasingly digital educational environments.

    The Interplay of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Goal Orientation: A Comparison between Pre-service and In-service Social Science Teachers · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis suggests that PjBL–ethno–STEAM emerges as a promising conceptual direction for supporting TPACK development, although empirical evidence remains limited.

    STEM/STEAM, ethnomathematics, and TPACK: A systematic literature review and implications for project-based Ethno-STEAM in pre-service mathematics teacher education · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the findings of this study, several practical recommendations are proposed to support the effective integration of STEAM pedagogy in early childhood education. First, school leaders should prioritize continuous, mentoringbased professional development rather than relying on one-time training sessions. Ongoing support, including coaching, observation, and feedback, can help teachers gradually build Xhuraj et al. International Journal of Modern Developments in Engineering and Science, VOL. 5, NO. 5, MAY 2026 20 confidence and competence approaches. in implementing STEAM examine STEAM implementation across different educational contexts. institutions Second, educational should promote a collaborative professional culture where teachers are encouraged to share experiences, exchange ideas, and engage in reflective practice. Peer learning communities can play a significant role in strengthening teachers’ pedagogical skills and sustaining innovation. Third, there is a need to ensure adequate resources and materials that support STEAM activities. Access to appropriate tools, learning materials, and flexible classroom environments can enhance the quality of interdisciplinary teaching and learning experiences. Fourth, policymakers and school administrators should for planning and consider allocating dedicated professional learning, as time constraints were identified as a major challenge. Structured time for collaboration and lesson design effectiveness of STEAM implementation.

    Educational Leadership and Teacher Professional Development in Advancing STEAM Pedagogy in Early Childhood Education · 2026 · DOI

  • In the current homework design model, traditional homework is relatively large and rigid, while practical homework is relatively scarce, difficult for teachers to design and implement, and not yet valued by students, which is not conducive to the cultivation of students' interaction and cooperation skills and the spirit of inquiry and innovation, and differs from the requirements of quality education.

    Exploring the Design of Practical Assignments in Elementary School Language Under Core Literacy · 2023 · DOI

  • The research study involved identifying the epistemological gaps of 58 future teachers in relation to the concepts describing the previous theme via an open questionnaire, as well as the degree of compliance of the activities proposed in the textbook with the curricular guidelines.

    Designing a learning environment based on the spiral of skills to overcome the didactic obstacles associated with teaching the Daniell cell · 2023 · DOI

  • Purpose Despite numerous kinds of research regarding the potential of lesson study (LS) in internship and microteaching in teacher education curricula, studies examining the adaptation of LS in the lesson planning (LP) course have not been established.

    Learning to teach: an investigation into pre-service biology teachers' perceptions toward lesson study · 2023 · DOI

  • Results indicated that pre-service teachers have limited knowledge of code switching but felt that nurturing a relationship with students, understanding their cultural backgrounds, and paying careful attention to linguistic differences can help students feel empowered and ultimately lead to successful learning experiences in the classroom.

    Gauging Pre-Service Teachers’ Awareness of Dialectical Code Switching in Classroom Settings · 2019 · DOI

  • Past studies have shown that proper application of wiki benefits both students and teachers; however, few studies have integrated wiki and collaborative learning to examine the growth of science teachers' T echnological, P edagogical and C ontent K nowledge ( TPACK ).

    Using wikis and collaborative learning for science teachers' professional development · 2014 · DOI

  • Many scholars suggest that a strong research base on how best to prepare teachers to meet the challenges of today's classrooms is lacking (Wilson, Floden, & Ferrini-Mundy, 2001).

    Toward a Culture of Evidence: Factors Affecting Survey Assessment of Teacher Preparation. · 2012

  • Although constructivism is a concept that has been embraced my many teachers over the past 15 years, the meanings that are attached to this term are varied and often inadequately understood.

    Constructivism in Theory and Practice: Toward a Better Understanding · 2001 · DOI

  • A rationale for the development of appropriate subject knowledge content of the design and technology component of new Initial Teacher Education courses is presented , indicating that substantive , syntact i c and pedagog i c content knowledge , knowledge about the management of learning and distinctive aspects of the subject are key elements which should be investigated .

    Subject knowledge content in primary initial teacher education courses in design and technology - a discussion paper · 1996

  • Although research on the use of cognitive self-direction in educational settings has been primarily limited to a focus on changing students' behavior (Fish & Pervan, 1985), the principles and techniques have potential for improving the teaching-learning process by providing teachers an effective technique for directly influencing their teaching behaviors, and thereby influencing student behavior.

    Cognitive Self-Direction: Methodology for Teacher Education. · 1991

  • The analyses of the students’ responses to the written tests and problem solving protocols revealed that: (i) most of the students were capable of constructing appropriate mental representations of the problems but had difficulties in constructing solution plans; (ii) most of them had inappropriate problem‐solving approaches and limited knowledge of problem‐ solving strategies.

    Problem‐Solving Processes of Pre‐Service Chemistry Teachers in Nigeria · 1991 · DOI

  • Number of occurrences A general course in methods of teaching A special course in the use of instructional media A general course in audiovisual education - A general course in audiovisupl education and a special wume in the use of instructional media A general course in methods of teaching and a special courae in the use of instructional media One coune combining the subject matter of the first three above Non-credit seminars, serious demonstrations of the new media, and practice teaching (one each) No formal inatruction in methods…

    Instructional Methodology · 1970 · DOI

  • Number of occurrcnce8 A general course in methods of teaching A general course in methods of teacbing and a general COUTM in audiovisual education A general wune in metbods of teaching and a special eoarse in the use of instructional media A general course in methods of teaching, a general c o m e in audiovisual education, and a special course in the use of instructional media No formal instruction in methods of teaching A spechl course in the use of instructional media A general course in audiovisual education and a special wurst in the UM of instructional media No sPaeit;e recommendations 51 36 31 23 8 7 3 6 ~ Table 2. RECOMMENDATIONS SOBS OF ACCOUNTING ON THE PREFABATION OF THIRTY-TWO UNIVEBSITY PEOFES- OF CoLLroa TEACHEBS OF ACCOUNTING a1 (methods of teaching) required for all Ph.D. candidates and others at the Master’s level defi- nitely planning on teaching careers in accounting.” In some universities the aspiring college teacher may have an opportunity to gain experience in teaching methodology as a “teaching assistant,” i.e., as a part-time employee of the university. In a great many instances this is the onZy opportunity to become acquainted with teaching techniques, and this opportunity is limited to those who seek such employment and are accepted by the university. While such part-time teaching positions can be a valuable learning experience particularly in those schools where the teaching assistant is observed and counseled by an experienced member of the faculty, still greater opportunities could be realized through an internship type of program in which the “practice teaching” is integrated with formal instruction in the art of teaching. The latest de- velopments in instructional technology should be an important part of such a course. An awareness of the latest developments in instructional methodology and technology should not be limited to a course in methods of teaching. Department chairmen, deans, or other appropriate administrative officials should take the initiative in providing in-service seminars in the use of instruc- tional technology, particularly projective media and programed instruction ; and instructional television in large schools where the use of TV is feasible. instructional technology on higher education is becoming more and more pronounced as a spirit of innovation continues to emerge. representing purposeful change based upon experimental or empirical evidence of immediate or potential value, will continue to appear in the colleges and universities only as it is accepted by the professors as an integral part of the communicative process of higher education.

    Instructional Methodology · 1970 · DOI

  • To help remedy this situation and to enhance supervised student teaching in secondary schools, the following recom- mendations are submitted: 1. Appoint state supervisor of SN- dent teaching.

    Improving Student Teaching in Secondary Schools · 1967 · DOI

  • Considerable attention needs to be given to this for teachers tend to use pupils’ material, not only as a means of approach, but they are in- clined to limit their own point of view to pamphlet material which has been purposely limited to the pupil’s out- look and ability.

    OCCUPATIONAL MATERIAL NEEDED BY THE TEACHERS AND USE TO BE MADE OF IT · 1925 · DOI

  • The American educator John Dewey argued that education should not be limited to the transmission of knowledge, but should also focus on learners’ development through experience and active participation.

    THE ROLE OF A COMPETENT TEACHER IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENTIAL STRATEGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS · 2026 · DOI

  • Finally, the emotional dimension in teaching science among science teachers and its impact on their efficiency and teaching performance should be examined.

    Self-efficacy in teaching science among student teachers · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could examine the integration of new technologies with larger samples from different universities. Therefore, the generalizability of the findings is limited.

    360 Degrees Reflective Teaching Application: The Relationship between Learning Motivation and Performances · 2026 · DOI

  • The impact of policy changes to teacher employment exams and job stability on pre-service physics teachers' career commitment and persistence requires longitudinal investigation.

    Exploring the factors that foster interest and challenges in physics and physics education among pre-service physics teachers · 2025 · DOI

  • Curriculum objectives for the affective domain were limited to a minimum, content was dense, and the faculty members mostly used expository teaching strategies such as traditional lecture method and question-answer technique.

    Evaluating Elementary Teacher Education Program in Terms of Affective Features Using Hammond’s Evaluation Model · 2022 · DOI

  • In Japanese lesson study, the time schedule of the post-lesson discussion is well structured, so the time for a mentor to state his or her comment is limited to around ten minutes.

    Impact on lesson study for initial teacher training in Japan · 2016 · DOI

  • While the results of the study indicate the importance of teachers’ involvement supporting their students’ enhancement of decisionmaking skills, a number of additional issues need to be examined to enable guidance for teachers’ formal training.

    Viðhorf kennara til ákvarðanatöku nemenda í hönnun og smíði · 2013 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Educational Research and Pedagogy

Most recent work

Find a gap in your own Educational Research and Pedagogy sub-topic

This page shows what the Educational Research and Pedagogy literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, run the guided finder — it searches the gap library on demand and checks candidates against 250M+ OpenAlex works.

Open the Research Gap Finder →

Related topics in Computer Science

Online Learning and Analytics
363 open questions
AI in Service Interactions
278 open questions
Teaching and Learning Programming
239 open questions
Digital literacy in education
230 open questions
Mobile Learning in Education
183 open questions
Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
178 open questions
Computational Drug Discovery Methods
126 open questions
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
121 open questions
78 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,769 Educational Research and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

Tools for your next paper

Gaps & Literature SearchFind open questions in any field — 120,000+ open gaps mined from our own library.Pre-CheckIs your paper ready? A Tier 1–5 acceptance probability in seconds.Journal FinderA ranked shortlist of target journals from a 17,500-venue index.Duplicate Publication CheckerCheck prior-publication & salami-slicing risk across 8 sources.Citation GeneratorFreeA DOI or title → APA, MLA, Vancouver, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS. No signup.Graphical Abstract MakerFreeTurn your findings into a colorblind-safe graphical abstract.

Compare the category — Honest roundups of the AI research tools, ours listed alongside the alternatives.

Command palette

Jump anywhere, run any action.