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Open research questions in Educational Technology and Pedagogy

83 gap statements mined from Educational Technology and Pedagogy papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 899 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The current integration of AI and classroom teaching remains in the preliminary exploration stage. The integration depth is insufficient and the application scenarios are relatively limited. Numerous issues still exist in practice.

    Research on the Application Path of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Classroom Teaching in Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The current application and development of AI technology in higher education teaching practices remain imperfect, facing numerous practical challenges during implementation. The integration depth is insufficient and the application scenarios are relatively limited.

    Research on the Application Path of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Classroom Teaching in Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

  • The study uses a limited sample size of 375 students. The study only considers two academic years. The paper does not provide a comprehensive comparison with other AI algorithms.

    Research on AI-Enabled Single-Chip Microcomputer Teaching Quality Based on Neural Networks · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of specialized training for Gaokao spoken English test in ELSA. The insufficient adaptability of ELSA to dialectal accents. The lack of teacher-student interaction in ELSA.

    ESLA in Senior High School Spoken English Teaching: Dilemmas and Solutions · 2026 · DOI

  • The study needs further revision for AI-empowered standardized evaluation tasks. The sample size is limited to 79 students.

    An Action Research Study on AI-empowered, BOPPPS-framed, and CLIL-integrated Instruction Model in Medical English Teaching · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap in the current teaching of reading and writing in junior high school English, with an emphasis on reading over writing. The separation of reading and writing and the separation of learning and application are also problems in current English teaching.

    Application of the Production-Oriented Approach in Junior High School English Reading and Writing Lessons · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of technical adaptability and depth of teaching are obvious shortcomings in the practical application of AI agents. The existing teaching agents have weak adaptability.

    The Application, Dilemma and Optimization Path of Agent Technology in College Classroom Teaching · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to consider the influence of the relationship between the evaluation indicators. The need to determine the impact relationship and degree of influence of indicators.

    Exploring the Reform of Course Evaluation System for English Majors in Colleges and Universities in the Internet Era · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for courses. The existing evaluation systems may not be effective in evaluating the construction level of English courses.

    Exploring the Reform of Course Evaluation System for English Majors in Colleges and Universities in the Internet Era · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights the need for innovative methods to inspire higher education students of language. The paper notes the lack of research on the integration of generative AI into language education.

    Integrating Generative AI into Language Education for Students of Law and Public Administration · 2026 · DOI

  • In view of the limitations of this framework and the evolution needs of English intelligent tutoring system, future research will explore specific technical paths from the following three directions. When the historical interaction of new users is insufficient, the group wisdom path of collaborative filtering recommendation is preferred.

    Adaptive Learning Driven by Web Technologies: A Model-Driven Development Framework for AI Enhanced English Intelligent Tutoring Web Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Third, the transformation of theoretical research into teaching practice is insufficient; the results of theoretical research on the bamboo flute itself, such as fingering sequences, performance acoustics, and ensemble art theory, have not been fully transformed into applicable teaching modules and textbook content, resulting in a significant gap between theory and teaching.

    A Review of Research on Influencing Factors and Optimization Paths for the Cultivation of Bamboo Flute Professionals in Higher Education Institutions · 2026 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, existing reviews largely investigate AI from a broad language education perspective or prioritise technological performance, leaving translation education insufficiently examined.

    AI-Assisted Translation Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of experience, single teaching methods, and improper evaluation methods in teaching English writing courses.

    Wireless Network Based Distance English Education and Teaching Mode in Smart Classroom Mode · 2024 · DOI

  • The lack of application of big data technology in education management. The need for optimization measures for education management in colleges and universities.

    Optimization Measures of Education Management in Colleges and Universities in the Era of Big Data · 2023 · DOI

  • Traditional teaching models have long constrained university physical education systems.

    Research on Optimization of Public Physical Education Curriculum System in Universities from the Perspective of Integration of Physical Education and Sports · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests optimizing the sensitive factor extraction method. The paper proposes adding prediction conditions related to teaching and learning to improve model performance.

    Research on AI-Enabled Single-Chip Microcomputer Teaching Quality Based on Neural Networks · 2026 · DOI

  • To explore the potential of ELSA in different teaching contexts.

    ESLA in Senior High School Spoken English Teaching: Dilemmas and Solutions · 2026 · DOI

  • First, institutional data were reviewed to identify the Glocal University strategy, AI-medical convergence direction, institutional resources, and faculty capacity. Second, internal faculty consultation was conducted to examine curriculum restructuring, interdepartmental coordination, syllabus workload, and faculty readiness.

    A Structural Design Model for an AI-Centered Convergent Education Platform under a Glocal University Strategy · 2026 · DOI

  • Insufficient integration of technology with teaching needs, - Teachers have limited understanding and application ability of AI tools, - Colleges and universities have insufficient investment in digital teaching resources and intelligent platform…

    Innovative Research and Practice on the Teaching Model of the Course “School Physical Education” in Colleges and Universities Empowered by Artificial Intelligence · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study on the construction of smart teaching environments, - Further study on the application of AI in teaching…

    Innovative Research and Practice on the Teaching Model of the Course “School Physical Education” in Colleges and Universities Empowered by Artificial Intelligence · 2026 · DOI

  • Reading instruction is a key link in international Chinese language acquisition, and there are still many practical problems in current teaching practice: learners' language proficiency levels are significantly differentiated, it is difficult to achieve hierarchical adaptation of reading texts, the interpretation of cultural connotations in texts remains insufficient, and teachers’ energy is limited, making it…

    Application Practice and Teaching Value of NotebookLM in International Chinese Reading Instruction · 2026 · DOI

  • Further revision and improvement of the ABC model. Evaluation of the model in other English for Specific Purposes courses. Investigation of the effectiveness of AI-empowered instruction models in other contexts.

    An Action Research Study on AI-empowered, BOPPPS-framed, and CLIL-integrated Instruction Model in Medical English Teaching · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on three main directions: (1) collecting larger and more balanced datasets across multiple institutions to validate and refine the proposed Bayesian models; (2) incorporating additional predictors such as socioeconomic status, prior language learning experience, and learning style preferences; and (3) developing a real-time early warning dashboard that operationalizes the Bayesian…

    BAYESIAN MODELING OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: EVALUATING MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the traditional Transformer architecture achieves global relevance capture through self-attention, its O (n) computational complexity leads to a significant semantic gap in long text translation (for example, the error rate of complex sentence structure reaches 37%), and the translation accuracy of culture-loaded words is insufficient…

    Optimization of English translation model combining deep learning and attention mechanism and its application in cross-cultural communication · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Educational Technology and Pedagogy

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of specialized training for Gaokao spoken English test in ELSA (“ESLA in Senior High School Spoken English Teaching: Dilemmas and Solutions”, 2026); (2) The lack of technical adaptability and depth of teaching are obvious shortcomings in the practical application of AI agents (“The Application, Dilemma and Optimization Path of Agent Technology in College…”, 2026); (3) There is a need to construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system for courses (“Exploring the Reform of Course Evaluation System for English Majors in Colleges…”, 2026); (4) The paper notes the lack of research on the integration of generative AI into language education (“Integrating Generative AI into Language Education for Students of Law and…”, 2026); (5) In view of the limitations of this framework and the evolution needs of English intelligent tutoring system, future research will explore specific technical paths from the following three directions (“Adaptive Learning Driven by Web Technologies: A Model-Driven Development…”, 2026). 83 gap statements have been mined from Educational Technology and Pedagogy papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 899 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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