Science AI Journal
Materials Science · Research topic

Open research questions in Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

95 gap statements mined from Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,609 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications? See the ranked Engineering journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should focus on the development of intelligent, stimuli-responsive, and patient-specific electrospun scaffolds with comprehensive in vivo vali- dation and scalable fabrication strategies. Furthermore, integrated systems that simultaneously address antibacterial activity and tis- sue regeneration remain underexplored.

    Surface-functionalized electrospun nanocomposite fibres for wound healing applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Durability, washability and repairability of electrospun layers, yarns and 3D membranes appear under-reported, making it difficult to justify their use in long-lived textile products, while the fine-scale layering and complex blends that make electrospinning attractive for perfor- mance and aesthetics also risk complicating separation and recycling at end-of-life.

    Advancements in sustainable textiles: electrospinning through the lens of textile design · 2026 · DOI

  • 9.1 Smart biomaterials Smart biological materials, often called “intelligent Biomaterials,” are increasing in popu- larity in bioengineering for the potential to revolutionise the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative healthcare. novel diagnostics, biological sensing, tailored medication delivery, along immunomodulatory implantation. Such substances respond to specific triggers from human beings, changing their fundamental characteristics and allowing exact control over their behaviour and relationship to biological processes. Biomateri- als are typically used to repair, replace, or enhance tissues and structures. These materi- als often have set features and cannot interact interactively with their biological setting. Lack of fluid interaction often leads to poor integration into host tissue, resulting in immune-mediated rejection. Understanding these drawbacks has led to a transition from bioinert to biologically active and adaptable biomaterials. This progress has led to the formation of “smart biomaterials” that can adapt to physiological circumstances, improving compatibility with human tissues and increasing the useful life of medical equipment. Intelligent biomaterials’ “level of smartness” refers to their ability to identify and react to certain tissue stimuli such as pH, temperature, strength of ions, light, and magnetic [140]. pH-responsive systems, for example, can allow for site-specific release of drugs in acidic tumours or inflamed tissues, lowering the systemic impact and pre- venting excessive release. Thermoresponsive materials can undergo sol-gel transitions at body temperature, enabling for less intrusive delivery while increasing tissue confor- mance and local retention. Enzyme-sensitive systems can selective degrade in pathologi- cal conditions, allowing for regulated medication release and lowering the duration of foreign-body responses, hence reducing the rejection of the immune system [141]. 9.2 3D bioprinting 3D bioprinting is an advanced technique that allows for the precise fabrication of biomi- metic structures by layering biomaterials, living cells, and bioactive molecules to form a functional tissues. It employs bioinks, which are hydrogel-based formulations that Thorat et al. Discover Molecules (2026) 3:11 Page 24 of 30 promote cell encapsulation and tissue growth, to generate complex and patient-specific constructions with structural and biological integrity. Natural and synthetic hydrogels are popular because they mimic the extracellular matrix and provide a stable, hydrated environment for encapsulated biomolecules. New bioprinting technologies, such as microscale continuous optical bioprinting (µCOB), enable quick development of com- plex, cell-filled scaffolds for tissue repair and regeneration. Overall, 3D bioprinting provides an effective platform for developing personalised, biomimetic tissues for regen- erative medicine and drug testing [142–144]. 9.3 In vivo real-time monitoring Real-time in vivo monitoring has become an indispensable technique for assessing the performance, degradation, and biological interaction of biomaterials following implanta- tion. Recent breakthroughs in imaging and sensing technology have made it possible to track encapsulated biomolecules and cellular reactions within living animals in real time and without invasiveness. Magnetoelastic biomaterials, for example, can deform under magnetic fields, allowing simultaneous mechanical stimulation and tissue response sensing, making them promising for continuous wound healing and fibrosis monitoring [145]. Furthermore, optical coherence tomography, fluorescence imaging, and THz spec- troscopy are being investigated for tracking the in vivo degradation and biocompatibility of 3D scaffolds in real time, providing non-destructive alternatives to classic histology approaches [146]. These tools provide a dynamic view of biomaterial-tissue interactions, which enables design optimisation for improved safety and functionality in biomedical implants [147]. The combination of smart biomaterials, precision bioprinting, and real- time in vivo monitoring creates a feedback-driven framework that improves controlled release, tissue integration, and informs the development of next-generation encapsula- tion systems with greater clinical use [148].

    Bioinspired materials-based encapsulation of functional biomolecules for improved biomimetic attributes: a review · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations of this study should be acknowledged. Future studies with larger cohorts, longer observation periods, appropriate free-drug controls, and comprehensive local biocompatibility assessments—particularly in orthotopic esophageal models—are warranted to further validate these findings.

    Bioactive nanofibers covered stent with matched mechanics and durable gemcitabine release for treating esophageal cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • While future studies are needed to validate these findings in more diverse models and to establish standardized quality control protocols for clinical translation, the Bi-BCG@SCS combination shows great promise for the treatment of refractory diabetic wounds, paving the way for future clinical applications and research in regenerative medicine.

    Bilayer Biomimetic Scaffolds Loaded with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretomes Promote Diabetic Wound Healing · 2025 · DOI

  • It should be noted that the present in vivo study was limited to a 6-week observation period, which mainly covered the early stage of tendon repair and tissue remodeling.

    Polycaprolactone/silk fibroin–polyphosphate electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for functional tendon regeneration · 2026 · DOI

  • The main novelties, advantages, and limitations of the present study are summarized below: (1) The main novelty was the integrated evaluation of applied voltage, flow rate, spinning distance, and needle gauge, combined with Taylor cone stability assessment and https://doi.

    Multiparametric Optimization of Fabrication of Electrospun PVA Nanofibers for Utilization as Wound Dressing Mats · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on conducting in vivo studies and clinical trials to further assess the biocompatibility, efficacy, and safety of these scaffolds in wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.

    In Vitro Culture of Human Dermal Fibroblasts on Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid Fiber Scaffolds Loaded with Encapsulated Polyepicatechin Physical Gels · 2024 · DOI

  • Electrospun nanofibrous dressings are attractive for wound-care applications in space-related healthcare; however, limited information is available on the stability of UV-C-treated, water-stabilized nanofiber mats after exposure to simulated microgravity and on their cytocompatibility after pre-use treatment.

    Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/hyaluronic acid nanofiber mats for wound care in space: cytocompatibility and effects of UV-C treatment and simulated microgravity · 2026 · DOI

  • Surface morphology and electrical characteristics are key factors affecting cell–material interactions on electroactive polymer films, but their coupled effects remain unclear.

    Construction and Evaluation of P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofiber-Clustered Surfaces · 2026 · DOI

  • To overcome these challenges, tissue-engineered vascular grafts have emerged as promising small-diameter (<6 mm) alternatives, but a clinically translatable and durable solution remains elusive.

    Preclinical validation of VasCraf: a human-derived decellularized and re-endothelialized tissue-engineered vascular graft in a porcine arterial model · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Scaffold-based tissue engineering (TE) offers promising strategies for repairing damaged tissues, yet insufficient in vivo vascularization remains a major limitation, as adequate blood vessel formation is essential for long-term cell survival and function.

    Plasma-activated electrospun scaffolds for enhanced endothelialization in vascular tissue engineering · 2026 · DOI

  • However, while EES exhibits unique advantages in structural programmability and food-grade solvent compatibility, the lack of standardized food-system validation protocols and the absence of continuous production demonstrations pose challenges during industrial translation.

    Emulsion Electrospinning: Structural Design of Fibers and Applications in the Food Industry · 2026 · DOI

  • Oxygen plays a crucial role in immune modulation and tissue regeneration; however, current oxygen-delivering biomaterials are limited by the mandatory incorporation of oxygen-generating agents and cytotoxic byproducts.

    Oxygen-Supplying Containers to Fabricate Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Expediting Wound Healing via Acute Oxidative Stress · 2025 · DOI

  • However, there is currently a lack of systematic reviews, and the influence of electrospinning forms, scaffold types, and their parameters on scaffold performance remains unclear, making it difficult for researchers to obtain effective references.

    Electrospinning-based bone tissue scaffold construction: Progress and trends · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on material, structural, and solvent optimization to improve scaffold performance.

    Electrospinning-based bone tissue scaffold construction: Progress and trends · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite their widespread use, the mechanism by which additives impact electrospinnability remains insufficiently understood.

    Effect of additive valency on electrospinnability of polyvinyl alcohol solutions · 2025 · DOI

  • Abstract The MYB protein family comprises numerous transcription factors with important functions in various biological processes in plants; however, their role in modulating banana fruit ripening has been rarely investigated.

    The MabZIP5–MaMYB69 module cooperates with MaERF55 to modulate banana fruit ripening via cell wall degradation · 2025 · DOI

  • Their interaction in determining prognosis in post-STEMI patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is not well established, particularly in relation to reperfusion strategies.

    Advanced mechanical analysis in STEMI in the pharmacoinvasive strategy era · 2025 · DOI

  • Moreover, 20% nHA warrants further investigation as a potential scaffolding material for bone tissue engineering.

    Biomimetic highly porous nanocellulose–nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering · 2024 · DOI

  • Although non-isocyanate poly(carbonate-urethane)s ( NIPCUs ) made by transurethane polycondensation are emerging as non-toxic alternatives to isocyanate-based polyurethanes , their fibrous processing is scarce.

    Sustainable and CO2-rich electrospun nonwovens with enhanced mechanical properties obtained from isocyanate-free aliphatic-aromatic poly(carbonate-urethane)s · 2024 · DOI

  • Although grafting has numerous benefits, several obstacles remain to be overcome.

    Advances in understanding the graft healing mechanism: a review of factors and regulatory pathways · 2024 · DOI

  • Its benefit in evaluating a clinically unremarkable allograft is not well established.

    P.175: Correlation of early graft dysfunction and baseline doppler ultrasound result. · 2024 · DOI

  • However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking.

    Conductive Biomaterials as Bioactive Wound Dressing for Wound Healing and Skin Tissue Engineering · 2021 · DOI

  • Based on this systematic review, the development of electrospinning for protective membranes is discussed, the existing gaps in research are discussed, and solutions for the development of technology are proposed.

    Recent Progress in Protective Membranes Fabricated via Electrospinning: Advanced Materials, Biomimetic Structures, and Functional Applications · 2021 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications

Most recent work

Find a gap in your own Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications sub-topic

This page shows what the Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, search the Research Gap Finder: the search is free with a free account and lists the papers closest to your topic first. Unlocking that topic (50 credits, charged once) fills the comparison table from our 4.5M-paper local library and writes the gaps from its rows.

Open the Research Gap Finder →

Related topics in Materials Science

Machine Learning in Materials Science
556 open questions
Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
416 open questions
2D Materials and Applications
359 open questions
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
225 open questions
Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
203 open questions
Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
189 open questions
Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
167 open questions
Graphene research and applications
167 open questions
95 gap statements have been mined from Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 1,609 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

Tools for your next paper

Gaps & Literature SearchFind open questions in any field — 120,000+ open gaps mined from our own library.Pre-CheckIs your paper ready? Acceptance odds for top, mid and open/emerging journals, in seconds.Journal FinderA ranked shortlist of target journals from a 17,500-venue index.Duplicate Publication CheckerCheck for prior publication across 7 sources and our local library.Citation GeneratorFreeA DOI or title → APA, MLA, Vancouver, Chicago, BibTeX, RIS. No signup.Graphical Abstract MakerFreeTurn your findings into a colorblind-safe graphical abstract.

How Pre-Check worksHow AI Review works

Compare the category — Honest roundups of the AI research tools, ours listed alongside the alternatives.

Command palette

Jump anywhere, run any action.