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Open research questions in English Language Learning and Teaching

190 gap statements mined from English Language Learning and Teaching papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,255 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • However, there is a notable gap in research on teachers’ perceptions about this type of education.

    A Qualitative Study of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of a Digital Diversified Education · 2024 · DOI

  • Future studies can investigate the effectiveness of the strategies on actual language improvement. Future studies can explore the relationship between learning strategies and difficulties faced by students in different contexts. Future studies can develop targeted interventions to support students' learning.

    English Learning Strategies Employed By The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Kediri · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the English learning strategies used by eleventh-grade students of SMAN 1 Kediri. There is a lack of research on the difficulties faced by these students in learning English. The study aims to address this gap by exploring the learning strategies and difficulties faced by students.

    English Learning Strategies Employed By The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Kediri · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies could examine the linguistic strategies used by teachers in different educational settings. The analysis could be extended to include non-verbal means of behaviour regulation. Further research could investigate the impact of the linguistic strategies used by teachers on pupil learning outcomes.

    Directive Strategies in Czech Classroom Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to examine the linguistic strategies used by teachers in authentic classroom communication in Czech basic schools. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of educational discourse and the cultural characteristics of Czech society.

    Directive Strategies in Czech Classroom Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite the occasional use of indirect forms of communication, such as praise and open questions, the students in the present study are not active co-creators of the learning process.

    Speech, Communication Styles and Classroom Management: A Case Study · 2026 · DOI

  • In light of the findings obtained from this research, various recommendations have been developed for implementation and future research in order to improve the quality of native language education and positively develop students' attitudes towards the course.

    An Investigation of Secondary School Students' Attitudes Towards Their Native Language Course in the Context of Foreign Language Preparatory Education · 2026 · DOI

  • Experts should consider integrating VRT into their EFL curriculum to support pronunciation training, motivation, and confidence-building. Various classroom activities, such as pronunciation drills, interactive voice exercises, and peer feedback using technology, can help learners become more confident and accurate in spoken English.

    Enhancing Pronunciation, Motivation, and Confidence Through Voice Recognition Tools in Indian EFL Classrooms: A Psychological Perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the effect of the inquiry learning method and audio-visual media on student learning motivation in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak.

    PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY DAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AHLAK TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI MTS BUSTANUL ULUM JAYASAKTI · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective English language teaching programs for students at Ma'had Darussalam Liltadrib Alislami, Vietnam. The need for a program that promotes a positive attitude towards learning English and increases students' confidence in using the language.

    Upaya Meningkatkan Semangat dan Minat Berbahasa Inggris Melalui Program English Class Pada Pelajar Ma’had Darussalam Liltadrib Alislami, Vietnam · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the use of language variations in other digital learning platforms. Studies can also explore the impact of language variations on learning outcomes in digital learning environments.

    ANALISIS VARIASI BAHASA GURU MUDA DI TIKTOK EDUKASI BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of language variations in social media-based learning. The study aims to fill this gap by describing the language variations used by young teachers in Indonesian language educational content on TikTok.

    ANALISIS VARIASI BAHASA GURU MUDA DI TIKTOK EDUKASI BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faces challenges in terms of the limited number of participants.

    Person Deixis in EFL Classroom Interaction: A Comparative Pragmatic Study of Kazakhstani and Indonesian Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can investigate the use of person deixis in different EFL classroom contexts. Future research can explore the relationship between person deixis and other pragmatic phenomena in EFL classroom interaction.

    Person Deixis in EFL Classroom Interaction: A Comparative Pragmatic Study of Kazakhstani and Indonesian Students · 2026 · DOI

  • The study finds that the textbook lacks three communicative functions: Ritual Conversation, Discussion, and Debate.

    AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS IN CONVERSATIONS IN AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK · 2026 · DOI

  • The decline in English competence among graduates in the Philippines is a result of a decreasing proficiency in the English language. There is a need to strengthen students' vocabulary development to improve their English proficiency.

    Podcasting as a Pedagogical Intervention for English Vocabulary Development among Senior High School Students in the Philippines · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies are recommended to explore the use of TED-Ed in other language skills and at different educational levels, as well as to develop assessment tools better able to measure the contribution of each interactive feature particularly the Discuss feature to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on learning.

    The Effect of TED-Ed Animated Videos on Senior High School Students’ Listening Skills · 2026 · DOI

  • EFL learners often face challenges due to limited access to authentic spoken English. Traditional EFL environments often lack natural exposure to authentic spoken English outside the classroom.

    The Correlation Between Exposure to English-Language Content on Instagram and Listening Comprehension among EFL Students at UIN Datokarama Palu · 2026 · DOI

  • Although previous studies have explored Instagram in language learning, most have focused on qualitative perceptions or formal classroom-based interventions, leaving the correlation between informal, self-initiated exposure to spoken Instagram content and objective listening comprehension underexplored in higher education contexts.

    The Correlation Between Exposure to English-Language Content on Instagram and Listening Comprehension among EFL Students at UIN Datokarama Palu · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only involves 35 students from one school. The research is limited to two cycles, which may not be sufficient to establish long-term effects.

    PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK TEKS BIOGRAFI MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS PODCAST PADA SISWA KELAS X · 2026 · DOI

  • The current teaching method lacks variety and engagement, leading to low student motivation. There is a need for innovative teaching strategies that incorporate technology and artificial intelligence.

    PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK TEKS BIOGRAFI MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS PODCAST PADA SISWA KELAS X · 2026 · DOI

  • Teachers noted the need for improvement in facilities and technical support.

    Teachers’ Needs for Collaborative Project-Based Learning Model Innovation in Strengthening Deep Learning for Senior High School Students in Central Java, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • This study concludes that the students from non-English departments in particular can learn from using YouTube to study the vocabulary effectively with the teachers and other students more effectively. Providing students with playlists, level-based video lessons and vocabulary logs would keep them from getting lost and distracted; to take effective notes and lead discussions they can improve vocabulary recall.

    IMPACT OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS UPON LEARNING VOCABULARY FOR NON- NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited access to authentic English resources and exposure to spoken exchanges. Limited infrastructure and internet connectivity in rural Islamic educational institutions.

    Optimizing Youtube as a Digital Platform to Enhance Listening Skills Among Eleventh-Grade Students at MAN 1 Simeulue, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited to a rural Islamic senior high school in Indonesia. Small sample size of 60 students.

    Optimizing Youtube as a Digital Platform to Enhance Listening Skills Among Eleventh-Grade Students at MAN 1 Simeulue, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in English Language Learning and Teaching

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future studies can investigate the effectiveness of the strategies on actual language improvement (“English Learning Strategies Employed By The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1…”, 2026); (2) Future studies could examine the linguistic strategies used by teachers in different educational settings (“Directive Strategies in Czech Classroom Communication”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of research on the effect of the inquiry learning method and audio-visual media on student learning motivation in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak (“PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY DAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA PELAJARAN…”, 2026); (4) The lack of effective English language teaching programs for students at Ma'had Darussalam Liltadrib Alislami, Vietnam (“Upaya Meningkatkan Semangat dan Minat Berbahasa Inggris Melalui Program English…”, 2026); (5) There is a lack of understanding of language variations in social media-based learning (“ANALISIS VARIASI BAHASA GURU MUDA DI TIKTOK EDUKASI BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN…”, 2026). 190 gap statements have been mined from English Language Learning and Teaching papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,255 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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