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Open research questions in English Language Learning and Teaching

208 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,081 English Language Learning and Teaching papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Future studies can investigate the effectiveness of the strategies on actual language improvement. Future studies can explore the relationship between learning strategies and difficulties faced by students in different contexts. Future studies can develop targeted interventions to support students' learning.

    English Learning Strategies Employed By The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Kediri · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the English learning strategies used by eleventh-grade students of SMAN 1 Kediri. There is a lack of research on the difficulties faced by these students in learning English. The study aims to address this gap by exploring the learning strategies and difficulties faced by students.

    English Learning Strategies Employed By The Eleventh Grade Students of SMAN 1 Kediri · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address the gap in the development of both linguistic competence and pedagogical readiness in teacher preparation. The study seeks to examine the relationship between grammatical competence and teaching internship readiness.

    Grammatical Competence and Teaching Internship Readiness of Pre-Service Teachers · 2026 · DOI

  • The entertainment component of YouTube can hinder deep study of new words. Students from other departments may find YouTube not relevant to their specific subjects. The study's findings may be limited to the context of Iqra National University.

    IMPACT OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS UPON LEARNING VOCABULARY FOR NON- NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the impact of YouTube videos on vocabulary acquisition for non-native English speakers. Prior research has not fully considered the needs of different types of learners.

    IMPACT OF YOUTUBE VIDEOS UPON LEARNING VOCABULARY FOR NON- NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies could examine the linguistic strategies used by teachers in different educational settings. The analysis could be extended to include non-verbal means of behaviour regulation. Further research could investigate the impact of the linguistic strategies used by teachers on pupil learning outcomes.

    Directive Strategies in Czech Classroom Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to examine the linguistic strategies used by teachers in authentic classroom communication in Czech basic schools. The study aims to contribute to the understanding of educational discourse and the cultural characteristics of Czech society.

    Directive Strategies in Czech Classroom Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to investigate the link between communication style and classroom management. The lack of research on the structure of classroom communication in Slovenian primary schools.

    Speech, Communication Styles and Classroom Management: A Case Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the attitudes of secondary school students towards their native Turkish language course. The study aims to fill this gap by investigating the relationship between foreign language preparatory education and attitudes towards the native language course.

    An Investigation of Secondary School Students' Attitudes Towards Their Native Language Course in the Context of Foreign Language Preparatory Education · 2026 · DOI

  • In light of the findings obtained from this research, various recommendations have been developed for implementation and future research in order to improve the quality of native language education and positively develop students' attitudes towards the course. First, it has been observed that students receiving preparatory education can transfer their structural awareness in the foreign language to their native languages. In this context, it is recommended that a “comparative linguistics” approach be adopted in native language education through interdisciplinary collaboration. Analysis activities that allow students to discover the similarities and differences between the concepts they learn in the foreign language (tenses, sentence structure, etc.) and their native language can prevent possible negative transfer, especially in students who do not receive preparatory education. In addition, it has been determined that the attitudes of students who do not receive preparatory education towards the course are highly dependent on the teacher factor and that they need external motivation. To overcome the “affective barriers” of students in this group and turn them into more autonomous learners, emphasis should be placed on student-centered practices such as peer assessment, project-based learning, and portfolios, rather than traditional methods where the teacher is merely a knowledge transmitter. Both groups' demand for a structure in their native language classes that is interactive rather than rote memorization aligns with the philosophy of The Century of Türkiye Education Model, which came into effect in 2024. In this regard, applications such as the “Literature Workshop” in the curriculum should not remain on paper; the course should be enriched with discussion environments where students can express themselves verbally and in writing, as well as creative writing and drama activities. In the measurement and evaluation processes, the use of process- oriented tools that measure students' communication skills, rather than traditional tools such as end-of-text questions, will meet students' expectations for “practice and production.” Furthermore, considering the significant decline in attitudes and exam anxiety observed at the 11th grade level, it is important to relate the course content at this level to students' academic Participatory Educational Research (PER) -16- Participatory Educational Research (PER), 13(2); 1-19, 1 March 2026 and career goals and to focus on functional skills such as academic literacy and critical reading in order to rescue the course from being a “back-burner” subject. Finally, it is recommended that researchers focus on the gender factor, the reasons for which cannot be fully explained in this study. In-depth qualitative studies examining the underlying sociocultural reasons for male students' distant attitude towards their native language course or the impact of course materials would contribute to the literature. Furthermore, conducting longitudinal tracking studies to determine whether the “language awareness” effect created by the preparatory class persists throughout high school and how the standard curriculum in upper grades affects this situation would be useful in guiding language education policies.

    An Investigation of Secondary School Students' Attitudes Towards Their Native Language Course in the Context of Foreign Language Preparatory Education · 2026 · DOI

  • Potential threats to internal validity, such as participant variability in technological proficiency, occasional inaccuracies in automated speech recognition, and minor disruptions from environmental noise. The study was limited by institutional constraints, which prevented random assignment of individual participants.

    Enhancing Pronunciation, Motivation, and Confidence Through Voice Recognition Tools in Indian EFL Classrooms: A Psychological Perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the existing literature on the use of voice recognition tools in Indian EFL classrooms. The study aims to provide empirical evidence for integrating VRT for pronunciation enhancement and Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery for motivation and confidence.

    Enhancing Pronunciation, Motivation, and Confidence Through Voice Recognition Tools in Indian EFL Classrooms: A Psychological Perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the effect of the inquiry learning method and audio-visual media on student learning motivation in the subject of Aqidah Akhlak.

    PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY DAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AHLAK TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI MTS BUSTANUL ULUM JAYASAKTI · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective English language teaching programs for students at Ma'had Darussalam Liltadrib Alislami, Vietnam. The need for a program that promotes a positive attitude towards learning English and increases students' confidence in using the language.

    Upaya Meningkatkan Semangat dan Minat Berbahasa Inggris Melalui Program English Class Pada Pelajar Ma’had Darussalam Liltadrib Alislami, Vietnam · 2026 · DOI

  • The study involved a small sample of only eight deaf students. The study used a pretest-posttest design with no control group, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Further research involving larger samples and more rigorous experimental designs is required to confirm the effectiveness of the KALISAD application.

    Development of the KALISAD Application to Improve Structured Sentence Writing Skills among Deaf Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research involving larger samples and more rigorous experimental designs is required to confirm the effectiveness of the KALISAD application. Studies can investigate the long-term effects of using the KALISAD application on writing skills for deaf students. Research can explore the potential of adapting the KALISAD application for use with other populations, such as students with other disabilities.

    Development of the KALISAD Application to Improve Structured Sentence Writing Skills among Deaf Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the long-term effects of using the English Story with Audio application on students' listening skills. Future research can explore the use of other educational technologies in improving listening skills. The study can be replicated in different contexts and with larger sample sizes.

    Innovating Listening Pedagogy through English Story with Audio Application in EFL Contexts · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective tools for teaching listening skills in junior high school level. The need for innovative approaches to improve students' listening skills. The limited use of technology in enhancing listening skills.

    Innovating Listening Pedagogy through English Story with Audio Application in EFL Contexts · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited access to authentic English resources and exposure to spoken exchanges. Limited infrastructure and internet connectivity in rural Islamic educational institutions.

    Optimizing Youtube as a Digital Platform to Enhance Listening Skills Among Eleventh-Grade Students at MAN 1 Simeulue, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited to a rural Islamic senior high school in Indonesia. Small sample size of 60 students.

    Optimizing Youtube as a Digital Platform to Enhance Listening Skills Among Eleventh-Grade Students at MAN 1 Simeulue, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • Students at SD Negeri 200104 Padangsidimpuan encounter significant challenges in retaining newly learned vocabulary. There is a need for effective instructional strategies to support vocabulary learning among sixth-grade students.

    Applying picture walk and read aloud strategies with supporting audio activities to enhance vocabulary mastery of Elementary School Students at SD Negeri 200104 Padangsidimpuan · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the use of language variations in other digital learning platforms. Studies can also explore the impact of language variations on learning outcomes in digital learning environments.

    ANALISIS VARIASI BAHASA GURU MUDA DI TIKTOK EDUKASI BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of language variations in social media-based learning. The study aims to fill this gap by describing the language variations used by young teachers in Indonesian language educational content on TikTok.

    ANALISIS VARIASI BAHASA GURU MUDA DI TIKTOK EDUKASI BAHASA INDONESIA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faces challenges in terms of the complexity of person deixis in EFL classroom interaction. The study faces challenges in terms of the limited number of participants.

    Person Deixis in EFL Classroom Interaction: A Comparative Pragmatic Study of Kazakhstani and Indonesian Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can investigate the use of person deixis in different EFL classroom contexts. Future research can explore the relationship between person deixis and other pragmatic phenomena in EFL classroom interaction.

    Person Deixis in EFL Classroom Interaction: A Comparative Pragmatic Study of Kazakhstani and Indonesian Students · 2026 · DOI

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208 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,081 English Language Learning and Teaching papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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