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Open research questions in Groundwater and Watershed Analysis

28 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 555 Groundwater and Watershed Analysis papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Although Kigali City has made good progress in addressing stormwater challenges, a more coordinated and spatially targeted approach is required to effectively manage runoff. The following recommendations are suggested: • Develop and adopt a GIS technique to monitor urban expansion and model runoff. • Promote green infrastructure as Permeable pavements, Rain gardens, Green roofs, infiltration drainage, vegetated filter systems, and rain gardens. such • Improve drainage systems in high-risk areas. • Encourage rainwater harvesting. • Strengthen land use planning policies. Chung, E. S. (2010). Application of the SCS-CN method for runoff estimation in urban areas. (15, Ed.) Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 6, 456–464. Chung, W. H., Wang, I. T., & Wang, R. Y. (2010). Theory-Based SCS-CN Method and Its of Hydrologic Applications. Engineering, 15, 1045-1058.

    Assessment of Urbanisation Extent and Its Influence on Stormwater Runoff in Kigali City · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work should explore applying this framework to additional coastal environments in order to develop a more com- prehensive understanding of water and land changes across different regions. Study limitations Based on established remote sensing research and standard validation protocols, several inherent constraints apply to this research: • While this research is limited by the in-situ data una- vailability for the 2016–2022 period, the accuracy of the spectral salinity trends was validated by their strong correlation with official hydrological records.

    Assessing Lake Manzala’s water area and soil salinity using satellite imagery · 2026 · DOI

  • The ranking scheme assigns equal weight to all 13 morphometric parameters, but the paper does not justify or investigate whether differential weighting based on local watershed characteristics would improve prioritization accuracy.

    Sub-Watershed Prioritization Using Compound Factor and GIS Analysis in A Semi-Arid Agricultural Watershed of Madhya Pradesh · 2026 · DOI

  • 53), respectively, this indicates that the Wadi Rumaitha basin area falls within the range of weak rain erosion, while funicidal erosion included (4) cases limited to the range of high and very severe fluid erosion, gully erosion included (7) areas confined between the (very light and very high) ranges, and their geographical distribution varies in the basin lands.

    Estimating the extent of water erosion in the Wadi Al-Rumaitha Basin, northeast of Al-Muthanna Governorate · 2024 · DOI

  • Originality/Relevance – The originality of this study lies in the integrated application of physical and anthropogenic criteria focused on a specific urban sub-basin frequently affected by flooding but still underexplored from a spatial susceptibility perspective.

    Mapeamento da Suscetibilidade a Alagamentos em Área Urbana de Vitória de Santo Antão–PE · 2026 · DOI

  • The framework enhances current methodologies by allowing for the concurrent estimation of lake depth, water volume, evaporation losses, and hydrological vulnerability in areas with limited data.

    Logarithmic morphometric–evaporative modeling of hydro-ecological functions of small and medium lakes · 2026 · DOI

  • This basin spans the Cerrado and Amazon biomes and, despite extensive research on land-use change and ecological impacts, it remains notably understudied with respect to how irrigation growth relates to the depletion of water resources.

    Water Demand and Dynamics of Irrigation Expansion in the Araguaia River Basin, Brazil (1993–2040) · 2026 · DOI

  • Very poor potential is limited to a small patch around Ngaikhong Khunou towards the north- western part, where localised elevated terrain and low-permeability mate- rials restrict infiltration.

    Groundwater potential using remote sensing and GIS for sustainable development of Imphal Valley, Manipur, NE India · 2026 · DOI

  • While elevation is identified as the most influential parameter, deeper investigation into the mechanistic reasons behind this relationship and its variability across different regions is needed.

    Spatial Mapping of Groundwater Potential (GWP) Identification Using Random Forest Machine Learning in Kedah, Malaysia · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper lacks discussion of how the compound factor approach would perform or be adapted for watersheds in different climatic zones, soil types, or geological settings beyond the semi-arid agricultural context studied.

    Sub-Watershed Prioritization Using Compound Factor and GIS Analysis in A Semi-Arid Agricultural Watershed of Madhya Pradesh · 2026 · DOI

  • This paper presents an innovative approach to studying and analysing anthropogenic impacts on the territories whose boundaries are limited by the watershed area of a small or medium-sized river.

    Geoinformation modelling of the watershed area of small and medium-sized rivers for environmental audit · 2025 · DOI

  • The Vietnamese Mekong Delta shows the use of these guidelines in a tropical, flat location with limited information on soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties.

    Guidelines and a supporting toolbox for parameterising key soil hydraulic properties in hydrological studies and broader integrated modelling · 2022 · DOI

  • Insufficient information on the current state of the glacial and moraine lakes complex and their inventory and classification is one of the factors hindering the planning of the farm, the necessary construction work, disaster preparedness and risk assessment strategies and mitigation strategies.

    Inventory of moraine-glacial lakes of the Shilik river basin and analysis of their spatial distribution · 2022 · DOI

  • The parameters used in morphometric analysis are a good alternative for understanding the underlying geoecological factors at watershed scale, and especially where the necessary data on soil, lithology, geomorphology, vegetation and other are scarce.

    Morphometric Analysis to Extrapolate Geoecological Potential of the Rivers in the “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Banat, Romania) · 2014 · DOI

  • A local environmental organization was concerned that water quality monitoring in the Pamlico-Tar River basin is hampered due to a sparse network of sampling sites and inconsistent data collection.

    A Public Participation GIS Application for Citizen-based Watershed Monitoring in the Pamlico-Tar River Basin, North Carolina · 2008 · DOI

  • 01 to 10 km 2 catchment are usually poorly defined by typical programmes of point‐scale measurements.

    TRACER AND DARCY‐BASED IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE FLOW, BUKIT TIMAH FOREST, SINGAPORE · 1995 · DOI

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28 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 555 Groundwater and Watershed Analysis papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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