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Open research questions in Health and Conflict Studies

108 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,318 Health and Conflict Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study aims to address the gap in understanding the links between environmental and social factors and chronic illnesses during crises. The study identifies the need for multisectoral efforts to secure safe housing, maintain energy and medication supplies.

    Chronic disease vulnerability in Ukraine during armed conflict · 2026 · DOI

  • longitudinal research is needed to understand how chronic exposure affects clinicians over time, - research should explore how personal trauma histories, professional contexts and institutional environments interact to predict vulnerability or resilience among psychiatrists, - evaluation of the effectiveness of professional support interventions

    Invisible wounds: vicarious trauma and the mental health fallout of modern wars · 2026 · DOI

  • Most studies on vicarious trauma are cross-sectional and rely on self-reported data. Longitudinal research is needed to understand how chronic exposure affects clinicians over time. Few randomised controlled trials have evaluated the effectiveness of professional support interventions, and culturally specific programmes remain underdeveloped.

    Invisible wounds: vicarious trauma and the mental health fallout of modern wars · 2026 · DOI

  • Patients spill into the hallways, privacy is nonexistent and resources are scarce.

    A day in the clinic: serving amidst chaos during the Gaza War · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on underexplored areas such as nutrition, malaria, and chronic disease management using diverse and longitudinal study designs.

    Health impacts of armed conflict in Ethiopia: a scoping review of evidence from 2018 to 2023 · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should examine the lasting impact of these adaptive strategies on medical education and healthcare systems.

    Adaptive strategies of a medical school during Sudan’s armed conflict · 2025 · DOI

  • Tailored public health strategies are needed to address geographic disparities in incidence, and further research on vaccine hesitancy is critical for developing robust catch-up vaccination campaigns.

    Epidemiological trends and clinical characteristics of measles in Iraq (2023–2024): a retrospective cross-sectional study · 2025 · DOI

  • The conflict has caused significant destruction to the health system, with over 651 attacks on health facilities and personnel reported. The ongoing context of occupation has exacerbated humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities. The need for effective humanitarian response and health care in challenging operational contexts is a significant challenge.

    The role of infectious diseases and non-violent mortality prediction in armed conflicts · 2026 · DOI

  • The conflict in the occupied Palestinian territory has caused significant harm to the health and well-being of millions, highlighting the need for effective humanitarian response and health care. The WHO's operational response and early recovery plan aim to address this gap.

    The role of infectious diseases and non-violent mortality prediction in armed conflicts · 2026 · DOI

  • Collecting data in a conflict setting with limited accessibility and challenging field conditions. Recruiting participants and achieving a sufficient response rate. Addressing the health risks associated with biomass fuel use in a resource-constrained setting.

    Biomass use and its health effects among a sample of the Palestinian community during the war 2023–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a limited sample size due to challenging field conditions and limited accessibility. The study used a non-probability sampling method, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The study was conducted in a specific context, which may not be representative of other conflict settings.

    Biomass use and its health effects among a sample of the Palestinian community during the war 2023–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • The international community's response to the Israeli invasion of Gaza has been inadequate. The US medical establishment has been criticized for its silence in the face of the invasion.

    Israel’s ‘Plausible’ Genocide in Gaza — The Devastation of Health and Human Rights · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for more research on the impact of war on health systems. The importance of understanding the challenges faced by frontline health workers in conflict zones.

    Frontline Medicine During War in Sudan: Confronting Health System Collapse · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between the current state of mental health and the need for scientific progress. The lack of integration of technology with mental health practices.

    EDITORIAL_EDİTÖRDEN_Mehmet Çakıcı_March2026 · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the protection of healthcare facilities and workers. The international community's failure to prevent attacks on hospitals is a significant gap.

    Why are Hospitals Bombed? · 2026 · DOI

  • The scientific community has not shown adequate attention to the crisis. There is a need for international cooperation and community health preparedness to respond to the increasing health needs of the affected population.

    Palestine-Gaza: Our humanitarian and scientific responsibility · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on addressing the gaps in the P&O sector's capacity. Future research should explore ways to increase resources and support for the sector.

    Assessing Rehabilitation Systems in Conflict: A Policy Analysis of Prosthetic and Orthotic Services in Gaza, Palestine · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the capacity of Gaza's P&O sector to meet the needs of Palestinians seeking P&O services. The study highlights the need for urgent measures to restore and expand the sector's capacity.

    Assessing Rehabilitation Systems in Conflict: A Policy Analysis of Prosthetic and Orthotic Services in Gaza, Palestine · 2026 · DOI

  • exploring the application of climate change litigation schemes to cumulative war trauma - examining the effectiveness of restorative justice models in addressing cumulative war trauma

    Can we pay it out? Civilians and the compensation of cumulative war trauma in the aftermath of the international climate change litigation · 2026 · DOI

  • The question of how cumulative war trauma can be compensated for has not been discussed. The paper identifies a gap in the discussion of cumulative war trauma in the context of climate change litigation. The paper highlights the need for a legal framework to address cumulative war trauma.

    Can we pay it out? Civilians and the compensation of cumulative war trauma in the aftermath of the international climate change litigation · 2026 · DOI

  • The report highlights the challenge of reducing violence and promoting peacefulness. The study identifies the need for increased investment in peacekeeping operations and conflict resolution.

    Integrating neurology in community healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa: experience and outcomes of the 7-year partnership between the Italian Society of Neurology and the DREAM program · 2026 · DOI

  • Physical, communication, and attitudinal barriers to accessing mental health services. Breakdown of services and lack of access to healthcare and assistive devices. Being targeted, inability to flee, and risk of abandonment during armed conflicts.

    Neglected casualties: Mental health harms of armed conflict on persons with disabilities · 2026 · DOI

  • Sustainability in relation to oral health remains an emerging and underexplored area among Syrian dental professionals. The following observations draw on the authors’ field experience and professional networks within the Syrian dental community, in the absence of published empirical data on sustainability practices in Syrian oral health care. In oral health service delivery, while solar energy is increasingly recognized as a practical solution in regions with unreliable electricity, broader concepts such as waste reduction, energy-efficient design, and sustainable procurement are not yet widely integrated into dental practice in Syria. This gap is likely due to the limited availability of training resources, the impact of prolonged conflict on infrastructure and supply chains, and the economic constraints

    Rebuilding oral health systems in post-conflict Syria: a call for integration, innovation, and sustainability · 2026 · DOI

  • Temporary reductions in recruitment, violence, or active participation are insufficient to permanently disrupt long-run insecurity dynamics unless interventions alter the underlying mechanisms sufficiently to move the system outside the PVE’s basin of attraction by reducing R0 below one.

    Epidemiological methods provide target metrics and control parameters for multi-actor violent conflicts · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is subject to underreporting due to healthcare destruction. The study lacks individual-level biomarker data. The study is limited by the ecological fallacy, which precludes causal inference at the individual level.

    السمية البيئية واضطرابات الصحة الإنجابية: تقييم حالات الإجهاض والتشوهات الخلقية ووفيات الفترة المحيطة بالولادة في غزة (2023–2026) · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Health and Conflict Studies

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108 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,318 Health and Conflict Studies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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