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Open research questions in ICT in Developing Communities

131 gap statements mined from ICT in Developing Communities papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 641 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • It highlights the need to address sociocultural factors influencing digital literacy adoption. The study also notes the importance of considering social isolation in promoting digital literacy and well-being.

    How digital literacy promotes subjective well-being of rural users in remote areas: the moderating effect of social isolation · 2026 · DOI

  • Rather than aiming for maximum reach and universality, funders and designers should consider focusing their efforts on designing for particular refugee groups, which will involve careful research within different refugee groups’ contexts, needs, and priorities. Additionally, in order to avoid disruption to learning progression, the sustainability of products should be considered from the outset.

    Designing for Social Justice: A Decolonial Exploration of How to Develop EdTech for Refugees · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research could examine effects at even larger scale. Future research could examine refinements to the delivery model to engage parents further55 and could evaluate potential spillovers on teacher instruction and student learning in the classroom.

    Mobile education builds resilience during shocks in five countries · 2026 · DOI

  • There is, therefore, a need for further research into what these (gendered) divisions of labour might mean for the sustainability of the movement.

    Transformations in Diabetes Care: Lessons From Commons‐Based, Peer‐Produced Citizen Science · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research will focus on adopting suitable educational technologies for developing countries using the ETADC model.

    Toward Sustainable Education: A Contextualized Model for Educational Technology Adoption for Developing Countries · 2025 · DOI

  • Existing research and commercial implementations primarily focus on large-scale, centralized e-commerce models designed to serve major retailers and corporate supply chains. A significant research gap exists in the area of location-based, vendor-centric online grocery marketplaces that specifically support local and small-scale sellers.

    FreshBloom · 2026 · DOI

  • The digital divide is a significant challenge in service delivery. There is a need to assess the impact of smartphone technologies on service delivery and beneficiary outcomes.

    Leveraging Technology for Improved Service Delivery: Anganwadi Workers in Malappuram Bridge Digital divide to Utilize Communication Technologies · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of qualified teachers and restrictions in access to contextually related learning materials reinforce rural-urban disparities and sustain education inequality. The long-term limitations suffocate cognitive and competency progress, and Africa loses its demographic dividend.

    An AI Integration Model to Address Education Challenges in Africa:An Analytical Study. · 2026 · DOI

  • Another underexplored area is the environmental and geographic specificity of challenges in rural India. NEP 2020 prioritizes mother-tongue education across India's 22+ official languages and hundreds of dialects, yet the feasibility of developing high-quality AI tutors especially compressing Large Language Models (LLMs) for low-power rural devices remains under-researched.

    Investigating the Lack of Digital Infrastructure and Internet Accessibility in Remote Regions as Barriers to National Education Policy Success. · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies domain challenges such as age-related cognitive decline, language barriers, and the need for contextual assistance. The paper identifies the challenge of developing unified, real-time assistive systems that operate across applications.

    Oru Koottu: A Survey on Floating UI-Based Digital Assistants for Elderly and Low-Literacy Users · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can focus on improving contextual understanding of on-screen content by incorporating advanced multimodal learning techniques. Future research can explore deeper support for regional dialects, code-mixed language usage, and colloquial expressions. Future research can explore more efficient on-device models to enhance offline capabilities.

    Oru Koottu: A Survey on Floating UI-Based Digital Assistants for Elderly and Low-Literacy Users · 2026 · DOI

  • Further validation of the toolchain with larger samples is needed. The development of similar toolchains for other low-resource environments is a potential future research direction. The study of the toolchain's effectiveness in improving learning outcomes is a potential future research direction.

    A WeChat-Delivered Offline AI Toolchain for Hardware Simulation Teaching in Rural High Schools: An Exploratory Feasibility Pilot · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of localized offline tools and limited network bandwidth are major challenges in rural high schools. The urban-rural gap in AI adoption rates in rural schools remains a major issue. Prior research has devoted limited attention to offline compatibility and local data adaptation in low-resource settings.

    A WeChat-Delivered Offline AI Toolchain for Hardware Simulation Teaching in Rural High Schools: An Exploratory Feasibility Pilot · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the challenge of limited internet connectivity in developing regions. The study identifies the challenge of designing mobile applications that are resilient, inclusive, and capable of supporting users in environments with limited network infrastructure.

    Offline-Capable Mobile Application: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends, Synchronization Mechanisms, UI/UX Patterns, and Usability Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need for more research on the importance of offline support in various domains.

    Offline-Capable Mobile Application: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends, Synchronization Mechanisms, UI/UX Patterns, and Usability Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Policy misalignment and insufficient safeguards limit the effectiveness of AI in education. Teacher and institutional capacity are critical factors in the successful integration of AI in education.

    Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • Voluntary participation may have introduced selection bias. Lack of transportation provisions may have limited participant diversity. Self-reporting bias could have influenced the accuracy of responses.

    Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on designing more user-friendly and accessible digital public services. Future research should investigate the impact of digital exclusion on low-literacy migrant workers.

    Usability of Train Ticket Apps for Low-Literacy Migrant Workers in India: A SUS Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap is characterized by a lack of usability and accessibility in the train ticket app.

    Usability of Train Ticket Apps for Low-Literacy Migrant Workers in India: A SUS Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Implementation was no longer limited to the development of physical infrastructure and connectivity, but began to adopt digital technology to support decision-making, village economic efficiency, and sustainable resource management.

    From Smart Village to Digital Village: Bibliometric Mapping of Conceptual Evolution, Research Clusters, And Policy Implications (2016-2025). · 2026 · DOI

  • Providing offline access for learning in areas with limited internet connectivity. Integrating the application with local school curricula.

    Jr. Linguist: A Language Learning Mobile Application for Children · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited connectivity infrastructure and low digital literacy among tribal communities.

    E-Commerce Platform for Tribal People Products · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the impact of digital literacy on subjective well-being in different contexts, - Examining the role of social isolation in moderating the effect of digital literacy on self-efficacy and subjective…

    How digital literacy promotes subjective well-being of rural users in remote areas: the moderating effect of social isolation · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the field of Computer Science in relation to Developing Educational Technology (EdTech) Solutions for Remote Learning in Rural Areas…

    Developing Educational Technology (EdTech) Solutions for Remote Learning in Rural Areas · 2026 · DOI

  • Many African countries face challenges related to internet access, digital literacy, and teacher shortages, - Lack of localized AI education…

    A Bilingual Offline AI Learning Web Application for Digital Literacy and AI Education in Ghana · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in ICT in Developing Communities

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research could examine refinements to the delivery model to engage parents further55 and could evaluate potential spillovers on teacher instruction and student learning in the classroom (“Mobile education builds resilience during shocks in five countries”, 2026); (2) There is a need to assess the impact of smartphone technologies on service delivery and beneficiary outcomes (“Leveraging Technology for Improved Service Delivery: Anganwadi Workers in…”, 2026); (3) The lack of qualified teachers and restrictions in access to contextually related learning materials reinforce rural-urban disparities and sustain education inequality (“An AI Integration Model to Address Education Challenges in Africa:An Analytical…”, 2026); (4) Future research can focus on improving contextual understanding of on-screen content by incorporating advanced multimodal learning techniques (“Oru Koottu: A Survey on Floating UI-Based Digital Assistants for Elderly and…”, 2026); (5) Further validation of the toolchain with larger samples is needed (“A WeChat-Delivered Offline AI Toolchain for Hardware Simulation Teaching in…”, 2026). 131 gap statements have been mined from ICT in Developing Communities papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 641 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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