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Open research questions in ICT in Developing Communities

118 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 495 ICT in Developing Communities papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The need for secure and user-friendly online marketplaces that promote local businesses and support small-scale vendors. The need for scalable and high-availability web applications that can handle varying workloads efficiently. The need for systems that can provide real-time alerts and notifications to users.

    FreshBloom · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing research and commercial implementations primarily focus on large-scale, centralized e-commerce models designed to serve major retailers and corporate supply chains. A significant research gap exists in the area of location-based, vendor-centric online grocery marketplaces that specifically support local and small-scale sellers.

    FreshBloom · 2026 · DOI

  • The digital divide is a significant challenge in service delivery. There is a need to assess the impact of smartphone technologies on service delivery and beneficiary outcomes.

    Leveraging Technology for Improved Service Delivery: Anganwadi Workers in Malappuram Bridge Digital divide to Utilize Communication Technologies · 2026 · DOI

  • Language learning challenges in a multilingual environment. Disconnection from mother tongues and cultural heritage. Limited access to language learning resources.

    Jr. Linguist: A Language Learning Mobile Application for Children · 2026 · DOI

  • Incorporating AI-powered pronunciation feedback. Providing offline access for learning in areas with limited internet connectivity. Integrating the application with local school curricula.

    Jr. Linguist: A Language Learning Mobile Application for Children · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of qualified teachers and restrictions in access to contextually related learning materials reinforce rural-urban disparities and sustain education inequality. The long-term limitations suffocate cognitive and competency progress, and Africa loses its demographic dividend.

    An AI Integration Model to Address Education Challenges in Africa:An Analytical Study. · 2026 · DOI

  • The absence of direct market access for tribal artisans and sellers. The dependence on exploitative intermediaries. The limited connectivity infrastructure and low digital literacy among tribal communities.

    E-Commerce Platform for Tribal People Products · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the long-term effects of digital education on learning poverty. Examination of the challenges and opportunities in Himalayan and tribal regions. Development of context-specific digital solutions for remote regions.

    Investigating the Lack of Digital Infrastructure and Internet Accessibility in Remote Regions as Barriers to National Education Policy Success. · 2026 · DOI

  • Another underexplored area is the environmental and geographic specificity of challenges in rural India. NEP 2020 prioritizes mother-tongue education across India's 22+ official languages and hundreds of dialects, yet the feasibility of developing high-quality AI tutors especially compressing Large Language Models (LLMs) for low-power rural devices remains under-researched.

    Investigating the Lack of Digital Infrastructure and Internet Accessibility in Remote Regions as Barriers to National Education Policy Success. · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the field of Computer Science in relation to Developing Educational Technology (EdTech) Solutions for Remote Learning in Rural Areas in Chad

    Developing Educational Technology (EdTech) Solutions for Remote Learning in Rural Areas · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies technical challenges such as speaker variability and noisy environments in speech recognition. The paper identifies domain challenges such as age-related cognitive decline, language barriers, and the need for contextual assistance. The paper identifies the challenge of developing unified, real-time assistive systems that operate across applications.

    Oru Koottu: A Survey on Floating UI-Based Digital Assistants for Elderly and Low-Literacy Users · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can focus on improving contextual understanding of on-screen content by incorporating advanced multimodal learning techniques. Future research can explore deeper support for regional dialects, code-mixed language usage, and colloquial expressions. Future research can explore more efficient on-device models to enhance offline capabilities.

    Oru Koottu: A Survey on Floating UI-Based Digital Assistants for Elderly and Low-Literacy Users · 2026 · DOI

  • Further validation of the toolchain with larger samples is needed. The development of similar toolchains for other low-resource environments is a potential future research direction. The study of the toolchain's effectiveness in improving learning outcomes is a potential future research direction.

    A WeChat-Delivered Offline AI Toolchain for Hardware Simulation Teaching in Rural High Schools: An Exploratory Feasibility Pilot · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of localized offline tools and limited network bandwidth are major challenges in rural high schools. The urban-rural gap in AI adoption rates in rural schools remains a major issue. Prior research has devoted limited attention to offline compatibility and local data adaptation in low-resource settings.

    A WeChat-Delivered Offline AI Toolchain for Hardware Simulation Teaching in Rural High Schools: An Exploratory Feasibility Pilot · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the challenge of limited internet connectivity in developing regions. The study identifies the challenge of designing mobile applications that are resilient, inclusive, and capable of supporting users in environments with limited network infrastructure.

    Offline-Capable Mobile Application: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends, Synchronization Mechanisms, UI/UX Patterns, and Usability Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a research gap in the area of mobile applications with offline capabilities. The study highlights the need for more research on the importance of offline support in various domains.

    Offline-Capable Mobile Application: A Systematic Literature Review of Research Trends, Synchronization Mechanisms, UI/UX Patterns, and Usability Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Infrastructure gaps hinder the realization of AI's benefits in education. Policy misalignment and insufficient safeguards limit the effectiveness of AI in education. Teacher and institutional capacity are critical factors in the successful integration of AI in education.

    Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • Voluntary participation may have introduced selection bias. Lack of transportation provisions may have limited participant diversity. Self-reporting bias could have influenced the accuracy of responses.

    Policy, Risk and Innovation: A Mixed-Methods Framework for Using AI to Foster Inclusion in Marginalized Communities in Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on designing more user-friendly and accessible digital public services. Future research should investigate the impact of digital exclusion on low-literacy migrant workers.

    Usability of Train Ticket Apps for Low-Literacy Migrant Workers in India: A SUS Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the design of digital public services for low-literacy migrant workers. The gap is characterized by a lack of usability and accessibility in the train ticket app.

    Usability of Train Ticket Apps for Low-Literacy Migrant Workers in India: A SUS Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Many African countries face challenges related to internet access, digital literacy, and teacher shortages, - Lack of localized AI education platforms

    A Bilingual Offline AI Learning Web Application for Digital Literacy and AI Education in Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • High costs associated with personnel, transportation, and time for traditional household surveys. Logistical challenges associated with conducting household surveys in low- and middle-income countries. Limited funding for monitoring and control of noncommunicable diseases.

    Feasibility of mobile-based noncommunicable disease risk factor data collection using WhatsApp and interactive voice response in Colombia · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a limited sample size, with 1200 complete surveys required for the study. The study only recruited participants who were 18 years or older, which may not be representative of the entire population. The study used a convenience sample, which may not be generalizable to the entire population.

    Feasibility of mobile-based noncommunicable disease risk factor data collection using WhatsApp and interactive voice response in Colombia · 2026 · DOI

  • Code-switching scenarios remain an active area of development. Future optimization efforts should prioritize TTS quality alongside ASR accuracy improvements.

    VANI AI: A Multilingual Voice-Enabled Conversational Assistant with Offline Capability for Accessibility and Inclusive Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • Mainstream voice assistants provide limited support for regional Indian languages. Practical deployment for low-bandwidth environments remained unexplored.

    VANI AI: A Multilingual Voice-Enabled Conversational Assistant with Offline Capability for Accessibility and Inclusive Communication · 2026 · DOI

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118 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 495 ICT in Developing Communities papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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