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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics · Research topic

Open research questions in Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism

111 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 390 Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The gap in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, especially in low and middle-income countries. The need for more effective strategies in hypertension management.

    Pharmacogenomics-guided therapy for essential hypertension: a multi-center randomized controlled open-label trial · 2026 · DOI

  • pediatric-specific data for clopidogrel pharmacogenetics are limited, - current evidence is insufficient to support specific dosing recommendations for ultrarapid metabolizers, - labeling for pediatric cardiovascular therapeutics remains significantly inadequate

    Pharmacogenetics in pediatric cardiology · 2026 · DOI

  • prospective evaluation of drug safety and effectiveness in pediatric cardiac patients, - further study of pharmacogenetic associations in pediatric cardiology, - investigation of genotype-guided dosing for other medications

    Pharmacogenetics in pediatric cardiology · 2026 · DOI

  • Absence of statistically significant difference is not the same as demonstrated equivalence, - 'the original study did not pre-specify a clinical equivalence margin', - 'tight coupling is still emerging and will need new evaluation and regulatory guidelines', - 'data-scarce settings where individual-level records are unavailable'

    From time-series deep learning to physics-constrained population pharmacokinetics: AI-driven prediction of drug concentrations and exposure for model-informed dosing · 2026 · DOI

  • Evaluation and regulatory guidelines for tight coupling, - 'new evaluation and regulatory guidelines', - 'further research on the clinical deployment of AI-TDM models'

    From time-series deep learning to physics-constrained population pharmacokinetics: AI-driven prediction of drug concentrations and exposure for model-informed dosing · 2026 · DOI

  • conducting clinical trials for the feasibility of PGx implementation, - policy development for future directions in continued research investment, - technological advancements, - global collaborations

    Forging the path to precision medicine in Qatar: a public health perspective on pharmacogenomics initiatives · 2024 · DOI

  • Limited diversity in genomic research. Lack of extensive infrastructure for implementation. Challenges in interpreting genetic data and integrating it into clinical decision-making.

    Forging the path to precision medicine in Qatar: a public health perspective on pharmacogenomics initiatives · 2024 · DOI

  • Current pharmacogenomic testing methods only analyze a few genes. The importance of pharmacodynamics is not fully considered in current testing methods. There is a need for a comprehensive pharmacogenomic test that assesses likelihood of drug efficacy.

    Review and consensus on pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry · 2024 · DOI

  • limited research exists on how polygenic pharmacodynamics influences antidepressants

    Review and consensus on pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry · 2024 · DOI

  • Direct primary biomarker evidence in prospectively defined dual-diagnosis cohorts was sparse.

    Pharmacogenomics and Neuroimaging for Predicting Treatment Response and Relapse in Co-Occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Evidence Review · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite its growing importance, limited research has examined NPs' current knowledge about and use of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.

    Current knowledge and use of pharmacogenomics among NPs · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on learning outcomes and the application of pharmacogenomics before and after participating in learning within graduate-level NP education programs and continuing-education programs for those already in practice.

    Current knowledge and use of pharmacogenomics among NPs · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the perceived utility and practicability of PGx for psychiatric treatment in youth remains underexplored.

    Exploring perceived barriers and attitudes in young adults towards antidepressant pharmacotherapy, including the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing to optimize prescription practices · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the significance and magnitude of the benefit varies widely between studies and different PGx testing panels.

    Efficacy and safety of pharmacogenomic-guided antidepressant prescribing in patients with depression: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis · 2024 · DOI

  • Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to identify the safe and effective doses of bergaptol for its multimodal application.

    Bergaptol, a Major Furocoumarin in Citrus: Pharmacological Properties and Toxicity · 2024 · DOI

  • The integration of pharmacogenomic testing in clinical practice is a challenge. Healthcare professionals' lack of knowledge and understanding of pharmacogenomics is a challenge. The uptake of pharmacogenomics in healthcare systems is a challenge.

    ADVANCING PRECISION MEDICINE: THE ROLE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN PERSONALIZED DRUG THERAPY · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to address hurdles to clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics. There is a lack of understanding of the relationship between pharmacogenomics knowledge and attitudes toward personalized medicine.

    ADVANCING PRECISION MEDICINE: THE ROLE OF PHARMACOGENOMICS IN PERSONALIZED DRUG THERAPY · 2026 · DOI

  • the barriers and constraints that hinder the widespread adoption of PGx in routine clinical practice - the limitations of ethnicity-based dosing models in predicting drug response and metabolic capacity - the need to translate scientific findings into practical clinical and environmental strategies

    The Environmental and Global Impact of Pharmacogenomics: Advancing Green Pharmacy Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Precision Medicine · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of global clinical use of PGx, - Traditional population models are increasingly recognized as scientifically inefficient and clinically risky, - Failure of ethnicity-based generalizations to account for significant individual variability within ethnic groups

    The Environmental and Global Impact of Pharmacogenomics: Advancing Green Pharmacy Toward Sustainable and Inclusive Precision Medicine · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between genetics and drug therapy needs to be bridged. Adverse drug reactions are a significant problem. Personalized medicine is necessary to reduce adverse drug reactions.

    PHARMACOGENOMICS: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN GENETICS AND DRUG THERAPY · 2026 · DOI

  • The current study aims to address the gap in understanding the prevalence of PGx-based inaccurate dosing of patients in the ICU. The study seeks to identify population-specific pharmacogenomic variants affecting drug metabolism in ICU patients.

    Impact of population-specific pharmacogenomic variants on drug dosing in ICU patients · 2026 · DOI

  • From the data from the present study, and prior PGx analysis of specific genes used in the ICU [7], we can only suggest that genomic analysis of PGx-related genes may have potential utility in guiding precision dosing in the ICU. However, clinical guidelines for dose adjustments exist for only a subset of medications, and there are multiple challenges to implementing PGx in routine ICU practice. Our conclusions are therefore exploratory and should not be interpreted as evidence of confirmed dosing recommendations. First, there are significant differences in the genes/variants among different ethnic/racial groups as evidenced by demonstra- tion of the significant differences among Qataris, African/African Americans and Europeans. Second, this is particularly critical in the ICU setting, where appropriate rapid therapy for critically ill patients is essential. Rapid availability of genotype diagnostic test results is crucial, along with clinicians’ ability to interpret these results for effective therapy. Third, PGx-related parameters can be influenced by factors other than genomics, such as fluctuating illness severity and both acute and chronic blood volume, conditions affecting organ function. Most PGx studies have involved healthy volunteers or patients with single disease states, making it difficult to generalize findings to critically ill patients [7, 46]. Fourth, the necessary polypharmacy in the ICU, where patients often receive multiple medications, complicates PGx interpretation due to potential drug-drug interactions [47]. Unfortunately, in this study we must rely on deleterious prediction for the variants, in lieu of functional data that would indicate a change in drug metabolism efficiency in these patients. That is a valuable concept for a future study, while in this study our focus is on “predicted” impact on drug metabolism In summary, whole genome sequencing of ICU patients compared to the PGx knowledge of the drugs commonly used in the ICU has demonstrated the high risk of the ICU patient to inaccurate dosing based on the individual’s genome of drug metabolizing genes. The challenge for the future is to develop a technology that can rapidly and accurately identify the genomic variants of the ICU patient to inform precision therapeutic dosing. For now, the data in the present study identifies specific drugs that are commonly used in the ICU and for which genomic analysis reveals a high probability that the encoding genes for enzymes that metabolize these drugs have variants that influence the metabolism of these drugs. Until the technology is developed to rapidly assess PGx risk in the ICU, at a minimum, the identification in the present study of which ICU drugs are most likely affected by PGx variants can help guide the ICU staff to pay attention to the effectiveness and/or toxicity associated with these drugs.

    Impact of population-specific pharmacogenomic variants on drug dosing in ICU patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The pharmacokinetics of propranolol are highly variable. There is a need to investigate factors influencing propranolol PK variability and evaluate the effect of omeprazole coadministration. The study aims to address this gap using PBPK modeling and population PK analysis.

    Model-Based Virtual Clinical Trial Reveals Renal Impairment and Body Size as Key Determinants of Pharmacokinetic Variability and Drug-Drug Interaction Risk in Propranolol Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies technical challenges related to the use of RT-PCR and data normalisation. The study also identifies domain challenges related to the complexity of metabolic syndrome and the need to consider the pathophysiological context.

    Comparative Analysis of Selected UGT and SULT MRNA Expression in Non-Obese Rat Models of Metabolic Syndrome · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of phase II metabolism in non-obese rat models of metabolic syndrome. The gap is related to the lack of knowledge on how the relative mRNA expression of key hepatic and intestinal phase II drug-metabolising enzymes is altered in these models.

    Comparative Analysis of Selected UGT and SULT MRNA Expression in Non-Obese Rat Models of Metabolic Syndrome · 2026 · DOI

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111 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 390 Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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