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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics · Research topic

Open research questions in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems

92 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 263 Advanced Drug Delivery Systems papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • In vivo pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, efficacy, and safety studies are necessary to establish translational relevance. Further optimization of the nanoparticles is needed to improve their efficacy and reduce their toxicity.

    Folic Acid–Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Colon-Targeted Delivery of Imatinib Mesylate · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective colon-targeted drug delivery systems for Imatinib mesylate. The need for optimization of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery.

    Folic Acid–Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Colon-Targeted Delivery of Imatinib Mesylate · 2026 · DOI

  • The thick mucus layer of the vaginal epithelium traps therapeutic agents. Effective delivery systems should either avoid mucus adhesion or penetrate it quickly. There is a need for more reliable mechanisms to penetrate the vaginal mucosa and guarantee prolonged medication release.

    ADVANCEMENTS IN VAGINAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor bioavailability of conventional dosage forms. Reduced patient compliance due to frequent dosing. Limited accessibility of the buccal mucosa for drug delivery.

    A REVIEW ON FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCAL PATCHES OF METRONIDAZOLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS · 2026 · DOI

  • The complex pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The need for sustained and localized drug delivery. The requirement for biocompatible and biodegradable pharmaceutical formulations.

    ALOE VERA MUCILAGE-BASED MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILMS OF TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR THE LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS: CURRENT EVIDENCE, FORMULATION STRATEGIES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES · 2026 · DOI

  • The low aqueous solubility of oxiconazole nitrate limits its effectiveness. There is a need to develop a formulation that can enhance the solubility and dissolution behavior of the drug.

    Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanospheres-Based Colon-Targeted Delivery of Oxiconazole Nitrate · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor water solubility of Dasatinib. Limited efficacy of current drug delivery systems. Systemic toxicity associated with cancer treatment.

    FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF DASATINIB-LOADED NANOSPONGES ON A498 AND MCF-7 CELL LINES · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor water solubility of drugs. Limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal toxicity.

    A REVIEW ARTICLE ON LIPID-BASED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor aqueous solubility of itraconazole. Variable gastrointestinal absorption. Limited antifungal agents and poor drug selectivity.

    DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ITRACONAZOLE-LOADED LIPID-POLYMER HYBRID NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY · 2026 · DOI

  • Across this set, cytosine deaminase has not been evaluated in any cancer cell line or animal tumor model. Prior studies test compounds in cervical cancer (HeLa), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and multiple solid tumors (MCF-7, A375, PANC-1), and another study uses DMBA-induced breast cancer rats, yet none measures cytosine deaminase activity, expression, or therapeutic targeting in these established models, preventing direct assessment of its anticancer potential.

    Formulation, characterization and evaluation of cytotoxic potential for febuxostat loaded chitosomes against cervical cancer cells (Hela cells) · 2026 · DOI

  • No study in this set evaluates cytosine deaminase activity or expression in cancer cells or tumor models. While prior studies, and test novel compounds in cellular and in vivo cancer models, and another study measures deamination enzyme activity in breast cancer tissue, none measures cytosine deaminase specifically, preventing assessment of its role in the tested cancer types or its modulation by candidate therapeutics.

    Formulation, characterization and evaluation of cytotoxic potential for febuxostat loaded chitosomes against cervical cancer cells (Hela cells) · 2026 · DOI

  • Intranasal delivery offers a non-invasive alternative that bypasses first-pass metabolism of drugs and provides direct access to the central nervous system, but the long-term safety of nasal carriers is still insufficiently characterised.

    Spray-dried L-Cysteine Chitosan microparticles enable prolonged intranasal delivery of Donepezil · 2026 · DOI

  • inherent the associated with the buccal route. The convergence of nanotechnology, material science, and biomedical engineering has played a pivotal role in the evolution of buccal spray systems. One of the most notable of the advancements systems. drug nanotechnology-based Nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles have been extensively explored to enhance drug absorption through the buccal mucosa. These nanoscale systems provide increased surface area, improved drug solubilization, and enhanced permeation across the epithelial barrier.

    A Comprehensive Review on Design, Development, And Evaluation of Buccal Spray Drug Delivery Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • by driven promising, The future of buccal spray formulations appears continuous highly advancements in drug delivery technologies and an increasing demand for non-invasive, patient-friendly therapeutic systems. As pharmaceutical research progresses, buccal sprays are expected to play a more significant role in both systemic and localized drug delivery, particularly for drugs that exhibit poor oral bioavailability or require rapid onset of action. One of the key areas of future development lies in the integration of advanced nanotechnology with buccal systems. The use of multifunctional spray nanocarriers is anticipated to further enhance drug solubility, permeability, and targeting efficiency.

    A Comprehensive Review on Design, Development, And Evaluation of Buccal Spray Drug Delivery Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • sword: preventing 11. Wang L, Zhang H. Ocular barriers as a double-edged and facilitating drug delivery to the retina. Drug Delivery and Translational Research 2022 21;13(2):547–67. 13:2.

    A Novel In Situ Gel-Based Nanoparticle System for Controlled Release of Levofloxacin in Bacterial Infections · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor solubility of Glipizide. Limited oral bioavailability of Glipizide. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic problems associated with pharmaceuticals.

    DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM OF GLIPIZIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS · 2026 · DOI

  • Glipizide exhibits poor solubility and limited oral bioavailability. There is a need to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Glipizide.

    DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM OF GLIPIZIDE FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS · 2026 · DOI

  • Current advancements and clinical translation prospects are discussed. Future directions in this field are discussed to provide insights into the development of effective oral peptide formulations.

    Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Therapeutic Peptides Using Permeation Enhancer and Nanocarrier Hybrid Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Conventional delivery systems often fail to overcome the limitations of oral peptide delivery. There is a need for innovative strategies to enhance the oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides.

    Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Therapeutic Peptides Using Permeation Enhancer and Nanocarrier Hybrid Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Further evaluation of the potential toxicity of the nanocarrier system. Detailed analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the delivered therapeutics. Exploration of the use of the platform for the delivery of a wide range of therapeutics.

    A rationally designed polypeptide-based hybrid platform for targeted intranasal brain drug delivery · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of effective treatments for neurological disorders. The need for innovative therapeutic strategies for the delivery of therapeutics to the CNS. The limited understanding of the mechanisms of intranasal drug delivery to the CNS.

    A rationally designed polypeptide-based hybrid platform for targeted intranasal brain drug delivery · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a novel medication administration method for patients with difficulty swallowing conventional oral dosage forms. Oral disintegrating films (ODF) are a relatively new area of research.

    Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Thin Film of Betahistine Dihydrochloride · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to explore the potential of nanocarrier-based systems in enhancing drug delivery to the brain. Targeting strategies and surface modifications can be further optimized to improve drug targeting efficiency. The use of intranasal drug delivery for treating CNS disorders needs to be further investigated.

    Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting: From Biological Barriers to Nanocarrier-Based Solutions · 2026 · DOI

  • The blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier significantly limit the entry of therapeutic agents into the brain. There is a need for effective strategies to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Nanocarrier-based systems can address this gap by enhancing drug stability, permeability, and targeting efficiency.

    Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems for Brain Targeting: From Biological Barriers to Nanocarrier-Based Solutions · 2026 · DOI

  • The solid state of studied compounds was not further confirmed after the solubility measurements. The study did not investigate the effect of the polymer on solubility for all compounds.

    Exploration of Colonic Mucus as A Dissolution Compartment for Orally Administered Drugs · 2026 · DOI

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92 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 263 Advanced Drug Delivery Systems papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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