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Open research questions in Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management

56 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 271 Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The measurement of intra-abdominal pressure during physical activity is complex and lacks standardization. Current methods have limitations and variability, affecting the accuracy and comparability of results. Sensor measurement properties are rarely described, and all sensors lack validation for use during dynamic activities.

    Measurement and Interpretation of Intra-Abdominal Pressure During Physical Activity: A Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • The interpretation of wound images is subjective and variable across clinicians. The use of digital images in wound care has expanded, but interpretation remains a challenge. The development of accurate and reliable LLMs for wound image assessment is a challenge.

    Performance, safety, and limitations of multimodal large language models in wound image assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited resources and availability of services in rural and remote settings. Geographical barriers in rural and remote settings. Workforce shortages in rural and remote settings.

    Monitoring and evaluation of an artificial intelligence-enhanced wound care intervention in a rural health network: defining stakeholder expectations and shared priorities · 2026 · DOI

  • Pressure injuries continue to pose a significant challenge in clinical practice. Nurses' familiarity with current evidence-based recommendations is crucial in preventing these injuries. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs for nurses on pressure injury prevention.

    The Effect of Pressure Injury Prevention Training on Nurses’ Level of Knowledge · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited mobility is a major risk factor for pressure ulcers. The risk of developing a pressure ulcer is influenced by various factors, including duration of pressure and individual's overall health status. Missing outcome data were more common in the SOC group.

    Global burden to local action: A pilot feasibility study of placental-based solutions for complex pressure ulcers using real-world evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited mobility increases the risk of skin barrier impairment. Pressure-related skin damage can lead to serious health complications. Current preventive care regimens may not be effective in improving skin hydration.

    Changes in the Biophysical Parameters of the Skin Barrier in Pressure-Prone Areas in Patients with Limited Mobility During Early Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Case Reports · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies on the effectiveness of preventive care in improving skin hydration in patients with limited mobility after stroke. Prior work has not addressed the use of daily monitoring of corneometry and sebumetry in high-risk patients.

    Changes in the Biophysical Parameters of the Skin Barrier in Pressure-Prone Areas in Patients with Limited Mobility During Early Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Case Reports · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited to a dataset of 507 pressure injury images. The model is trained on a specific dataset and may not generalize well to other datasets. The study does not compare the performance of the YOLOv8 model to other deep learning models.

    Research on real-time detection and staging technology for pressure injuries in critically ill patients based on the YOLOv8 deep learning model · 2026 · DOI

  • The comparison of the performance of the YOLOv8 model to other deep learning models. The evaluation of the generalizability of the model to other datasets. The development of a clinical decision support system based on the YOLOv8 model.

    Research on real-time detection and staging technology for pressure injuries in critically ill patients based on the YOLOv8 deep learning model · 2026 · DOI

  • Futuras pesquisas devem investigar a eficácia de diferentes estratégias de prevenção da lesão por pressão. É necessário desenvolver protocolos de padronização de técnicas para descompressão local, controle da pressão, umidade e temperatura da pele.

    ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NA PREVENÇÃO DA LESÃO POR PRESSÃO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA · 2026 · DOI

  • A lesão por pressão é um grave problema de saúde pública, especialmente em pacientes idosos hospitalizados ou em tratamento domiciliar. A prevenção da lesão por pressão é fundamental para evitar complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

    ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO NA PREVENÇÃO DA LESÃO POR PRESSÃO: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA · 2026 · DOI

  • Current risk assessment tools demonstrate limited accuracy in predicting the specific outcome of progression from an existing Stage 1 injury. There is a need for a more accurate and reliable model to predict Stage 1 PI progression.

    A predictive nomogram for in-ICU deterioration of stage 1 pressure injuries: a retrospective study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective skin care protocols for critically ill patients. Existing routine skin care methods have limitations in critically ill patients.

    A comparison of the effects of Temporin atomizable mucosal liquid dressing vs. routine skin care on wound healing in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited facility availability of antidecubitus mattresses. Clinical conditions of patients, such as mechanical ventilation or decreased consciousness, limited mobility and made repositioning difficult.

    A Descriptive Study of Nurses’ Implementation of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Bundle Care in Total Care Patients · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for an efficient and effective innovation to prevent pressure ulcers. The incidence of pressure ulcers in Indonesia is relatively high compared to the prevalence in Southeast Asia.

    A Descriptive Study of Nurses’ Implementation of Pressure Ulcer Prevention Bundle Care in Total Care Patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Pressure alone is insufficient for an accurate risk assessment. Prior work has focused on single-sensor methods, which have limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability.

    Pressure Ulcer Detection and Prediction Using Sensor Fusion and AI-Based System · 2026 · DOI

  • Future improvements of the proposed system can focus on enhancing accuracy, usability, and practicality. Adding more physiological sensors, such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, or skin pH sensors, could offer a broader view of patient health. Machine learning methods, including deep learning models like LSTM or hybrid CNN-LSTM architectures, may capture complex patterns in sensor IJDDT, Volume 16 Issue 32s, 2026 Page 146 Pressure Ulcer Detection and Prediction Using Sensor Fusion and AI-Based System caregivers data to better predict early-stage pressure ulcers. Mobile and cloud-based platforms can be used to send real-time alerts and allow remote monitoring by and healthcare professionals. Additionally, conducting larger clinical studies with improve different patient groups will help generalization system’s and effectiveness in real-world situations. Personalized tailored predictive analytics can also support monitoring and preventive strategies based on individual patient risk profiles. These changes aim to make the system more reliable, efficient, and useful for both hospital and home-care settings. confirm the VI. REFERENCES S. Alkhalefah, I. AlTuraiki, and N. Altwaijry, “Advancing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Care: AI and Generative AI Approaches for Classification, Prediction, Segmentation, and Detection,” Healthcare, vol. 13, no. 6, 2025. “AI-Enhanced Multimodal Sensing for Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers,” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 13, May 2025. L. Wei, H. Lv, C. Yue, Y. Yao, N. Gao, and Q. Chai, “A Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Predictive Model for Pressure Injury Risk in Emergency Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study,” Int. Emerg. Nurs., 2024. S. Morad, A. M. Biju, and A. H. Morad, “A Wearable Pad for Detecting and Monitoring Heel Pressure Ulcer: Preliminary Study,” Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 95–102, Apr. 2025. S. Bao, Y. Wang, L. Yao, S. Chen, X. Wang et al., “Research Trends and Hot Topics of Wearable Sensors in Wound Care: A Bibliometric Analysis,” Heliyon, 2024. Y. Chang, J. H. Kim, H. W. Shin, C. Ha, S. Y. Lee, and T. Go, “Diagnosis of Pressure Ulcer Stage Using On-Device AI,” Appl. Sci., vol. 14, no. 16, art. 7124, Aug. 2024. “Pressure Ulcers Classification and Detection,” Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 12, no. 4, Apr. 2023. R.

    Pressure Ulcer Detection and Prediction Using Sensor Fusion and AI-Based System · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was conducted in a single clinical setting. The sample size was limited to 52 patients. The application was only validated against expert assessments.

    Development and preliminary clinical validation of a mobile health application for pressure injury staging in ICU patients · 2026 · DOI

  • To further validate the application in larger and more diverse clinical settings. To explore the use of the application in other clinical settings. To develop and integrate additional features to enhance the application's performance.

    Development and preliminary clinical validation of a mobile health application for pressure injury staging in ICU patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample sizes were used in most studies, with 28 studies including fewer than 20 participants. Sensor measurement properties were rarely described, and all sensors lacked validation for use during dynamic activities. Reported pressure outcomes were highly variable, making it difficult to compare results.

    Measurement and Interpretation of Intra-Abdominal Pressure During Physical Activity: A Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies investigating the effect of progressive mobilization on the incidence of pressure ulcers in patients with impaired consciousness. There is a need for further research on the use of mobilization as a nursing intervention in the intensive care unit.

    Penerapan Mobilisasi Progresif terhadap Kejadian Dekubitus pada Pasien dengan Penurunan Kesadaran di HCU Anggrek 2 Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only included healthy male participants. The study did not account for anthropometric variation across Indonesian subpopulations. The study used a limited range of body weights and heights.

    Optimizing wheelchair cushion design through pressure mapping analysis for pressure ulcer risk reduction · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can investigate the use of automated control mechanisms for dynamic cushion configuration. Future research can explore the development of intelligent wheelchair seating systems. Future studies can evaluate the effectiveness of the designed cushion in real-world scenarios.

    Optimizing wheelchair cushion design through pressure mapping analysis for pressure ulcer risk reduction · 2026 · DOI

  • The study used a limited dataset of 1,200 wound images. The study did not evaluate the models in a real-world clinical setting. The study relied on expert-derived reference standards, which may be subjective.

    Performance, safety, and limitations of multimodal large language models in wound image assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • The real-world implementation of AI-enabled tools in rural environments remains under-evaluated, particularly regarding contextual factors that influence adoption, sustainability, and equitable impact.

    Monitoring and evaluation of an artificial intelligence-enhanced wound care intervention in a rural health network: defining stakeholder expectations and shared priorities · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management

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56 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 271 Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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