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Open research questions in Reproductive Physiology in Livestock

109 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 588 Reproductive Physiology in Livestock papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • However, their expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms at different lactation stages-particularly during mammary involution and remodeling-remain poorly understood in dairy goats.

    Transcriptomic analysis of mammary gland tissues in lactating and non-lactating dairy goats reveals miRNA-mediated regulation of lactation, involution, and remodeling · 2025 · DOI

  • The contribution of T helper (CD4+) cells to this altered state during the periparturient period remains poorly understood.

    Immunity at the Crossroads of Cellular Metabolism: Navigating T helper Shifts in the Periparturient Period of Dairy Cows 3694 · 2025 · DOI

  • However, optimal markers, thresholds, and durations for identifying maladaptation and predicting adverse health or reproductive outcomes remain unclear.

    Invited Review: Inflammation and Health in the Transition Period Influence Reproductive Function in Dairy Cows · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the functional and regulatory mechanisms underlying ovarian growth and oocyte maturation in teleosts remain unclear.

    Integrated lncRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Analyses of IGF1 and IGF2 Stimulated Ovaries Reveal Genes and Pathways Potentially Associated with Ovarian Development and Oocyte Maturation in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) · 2025 · DOI

  • However, little is known about changes in the fecal bile acid and microbiota of cows before parturition.

    Screening for potential warning biomarkers in cows with ketosis based on host–microbiota co-metabolism analysis · 2024 · DOI

  • This review summarizes the current understanding of Ca homeostasis around parturition, the limited knowledge of the exact mechanisms for gastrointestinal Ca absorption in bovine, the implications of hypocalcemia on the health of dairy cows, and discusses the methods to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia and their impacts on productive performance and health in dairy cows.

    Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity · 2024 · DOI

  • Feeding diets that induce a negative Ca balance in the last weeks of gestation also reduce the risk of clinical hypocalcemia, and recent work shows that the incorporation of mineral sequestering agents, presumably by reducing the absorption of P and Ca prepartum, increases blood Ca at calving, although benefits to production and health remain to be shown.

    Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.

    Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Oxidative stress and inflammation in periparturient dairy cows. Negative energy balance and adipose tissue lipolysis. Limited understanding of hesperidin's effects on adipose tissue metabolism.

    Hesperidin alleviates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by remodeling adipose tissue lipid metabolism in periparturient dairy cows · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of hesperidin's effects on adipose tissue metabolism in periparturient dairy cows. The need to investigate the potential of hesperidin to improve metabolic health in dairy cows.

    Hesperidin alleviates systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by remodeling adipose tissue lipid metabolism in periparturient dairy cows · 2026 · DOI

  • One sample was excluded from the statistical analysis due to lack of a matched sample at the alternate time point. The study only examined liver transcriptomic changes in Holstein cows.

    Liver transcriptome dynamics in Holstein cows during the periparturient transition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to understand the liver transcriptomic changes that occur in Holstein cows during the periparturient transition. The study addresses this gap by assessing liver transcriptomic changes using RNA sequencing.

    Liver transcriptome dynamics in Holstein cows during the periparturient transition · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to understand the factors that affect the performance of automated activity monitors in housed dairy systems. The identification of cow- and herd-level factors associated with the performance of automated activity monitors can help to optimize their use.

    Cow- and herd-level factors associated with activity monitor and reproductive program performance in housed dairy systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Further characterization of the immortalized cell line's properties and functions. Use of the cell line to study the regulation of the estrous cycle and embryo implantation.

    Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine luteal cell line · 2026 · DOI

  • Primary bovine luteal cells are limited by high isolation cost and restricted proliferative capacity. There is a need for an immortalized bovine luteal cell line for reproductive and steroidogenesis research.

    Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine luteal cell line · 2026 · DOI

  • The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. The need for effective non-antibiotic therapies for the treatment of endometritis. The limited success of conventional antibiotic treatments for endometritis.

    Evaluation of the local tolerance and systemic safety of a novel intravaginal probiotic product in cows · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective non-antibiotic therapies for the treatment of endometritis. The safety and efficacy of probiotics for use in cows is not well established.

    Evaluation of the local tolerance and systemic safety of a novel intravaginal probiotic product in cows · 2026 · DOI

  • The effectiveness of different PG-based health programs is not well understood. The optimal body condition score and milk yield for dairy cows are not well established. The effects of PG on ketosis control and performance improvement are not well understood.

    Comparative effectiveness of propylene glycol–based health programs for controlling ketosis and improving performance in dairy cows · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between luteal activity and platelet physiology in mares is poorly defined. There is a need to investigate the effect of progesterone on platelet activation in mares.

    Progesterone-Dependent Changes in Platelet Activation Without Morphological Variation in Diestrus Mares · 2026 · DOI

  • Progesterone (P4) exerts important vascular and immunomodulatory effects that influence platelet (PLT) activation and serotonin (5-HT) handling across mammalian species; nevertheless, its role in modulating PLT physiology during diestrus in mares remains poorly defined.

    Progesterone-Dependent Changes in Platelet Activation Without Morphological Variation in Diestrus Mares · 2026 · DOI

  • The relatively limited sample size of seven individuals per breed may affect statistical power. The study only included healthy lactating cows in their first parity, which may not be representative of all cattle populations.

    Key regulators of lactation performance in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle unraveled by multi-omics integration · 2026 · DOI

  • The molecular mechanisms underlying lactation performance in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle are not well understood. There is a need for a systematic understanding of the regulatory modules of lactation performance in these two breeds.

    Key regulators of lactation performance in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Holstein cattle unraveled by multi-omics integration · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on refining early diagnosis and reproductive management using molecular biomarkers. The study of molecular biomarkers, such as miR-26a, continues to demonstrate potential.

    HORMONAL PROTOCOLS AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (FTAI) IN ANIMALS · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the need for efficient hormonal protocols and proper animal management to maximize reproductive performance in FTAI. The gap in the use of molecular biomarkers for early pregnancy assessment is also highlighted.

    HORMONAL PROTOCOLS AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (FTAI) IN ANIMALS · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature regarding the effects of CSC supplementation on multiparous dairy cows managed under low milk fever risk conditions. Prior studies have primarily investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on milk fever and reproductive performance in high-risk populations.

    Effect of a Sustained-release Bolus on Milk Production, Rumination and Reproduction in Multiparous Dairy Cows Classified at Low Milk Fever Risk · 2026 · DOI

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109 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 588 Reproductive Physiology in Livestock papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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