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Open research questions in Reproductive Physiology in Livestock

431 gap statements mined from Reproductive Physiology in Livestock papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,295 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The limited access to tissue from healthy patients and patients with advanced fibrosis. The complexity of the fibrotic disease process, which involves multiple cell types and signaling pathways. The need to develop effective treatment strategies for fibrotic diseases.

    Interleukin-4 changes the transcriptome, ECM-associated components and function of mare endometrial fibroblast: Insights from healthy and fibrotic cells · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy in mares remains incompletely defined. A single, definitive conceptus-derived signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy has not been identified.

    Serum and uterine fluid extracellular vesicles and prostaglandin E metabolite concentrations during diestrus and early pregnancy in mares · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the role of STAR in granulosa cell function and steroidogenesis. The need to investigate the effects of STAR overexpression and knockdown on hormone secretion and gene expression.

    Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein promotes granulosa cell function and steroidogenesis in Duolang sheep ovarian follicles · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NEFA-induced damage in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. The need for effective therapeutic agents to address NEFA-related endometritis in dairy cows. The potential of ISO to alleviate NEFA-induced cell damage and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

    Isorhamnetin Ameliorates Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Induced Apoptosis, Lipid Accumulation, and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells via Inhibiting the MAPK Signaling Pathway · 2025 · DOI

  • The oviduct provides an optimal environment to protect gametes and embryos against oxidative stress, yet its endogenous defenses remain insufficiently characterized.

    Spatiotemporal expression and hormonal regulation of antioxidant enzymes in the bovine oviduct epithelium · 2026 · DOI

  • The periovulatory period is the most critical window for successful conception in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca); however, the in vivo structural dynamics of the reproductive tract during this phase-specifically, the temporal patterns of endometrial thickness, ovarian volume, and follicular development relative to the estrogen peak-remain poorly characterized.

    Structural homeostasis, functional coordination, and spontaneous ovulation in the Giant panda during the periovulatory period · 2026 · DOI

  • Uterine luminal fluid influences embryonic development and the subsequent phenotype of offspring, yet its detailed metabolomic composition remains poorly characterized.

    Metabolomic profiling of neat uterine luminal fluid in cows: local enrichment and nutritional modulation · 2026 · DOI

  • Fungal DNA in the equine uterus remains poorly characterized, particularly in mares without overt clinical uterine disease.

    Fungal DNA in pooled equine uterine samples: an exploratory ITS2 amplicon sequencing pilot study · 2026 · DOI

  • The role of AREG in the development of fibrosis in the progression of endometrosis in mare remains unknown.

    The effect of amphiregulin on equine endometrial fibroblasts: in vitro responses of fibroblast derived from non-fibrotic and fibrotic endometrium · 2025 · DOI

  • The precise mechanism through which NEFA impacts the functionality of bovine follicular cells remains elusive.

    AMPKα alleviates the inhibitory effect of NEFA on the function of bovine follicular granulosa cells cultured in vitro · 2025 · DOI

  • Oxidative stress plays a vital role in female fertility, yet the mechanisms regulating oxidative balance in the canine endometrium remain poorly understood.

    Antioxidant enzyme dynamics suggest the absence of oxidative stress in the canine endometrium across the estrous cycle · 2025 · DOI

  • While follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is typically administered using a decreasing dose schedule, the effects of alternative dosing strategies on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) outcomes remain unclear.

    Ovarian superstimulation for in vitro embryo production based on Anti-Müllerian hormone phenotype: Effect of FSH dose schedule · 2025 · DOI

  • Mules (Equus mulus), as sterile hybrids between mares and donkeys, present a unique uterine morphology and physiology that remains poorly characterized.

    Histomorphometric characterization of the endometrium in mules (Equus mulus): An approach to endometritis/endometrosis · 2025 · DOI

  • Cervical pole necrosis is a poorly understood condition of the allantochorion, and a histological exam is necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.

    It is not always what it seems: allantochorion cervical pole necrosis · 2025 · DOI

  • Pregnancy failure is a serious economic and welfare concern in the Thoroughbred horse industry, yet its incidence and risk factors in Australia remain unclear.

    A retrospective case-control study of pregnancy failure in Thoroughbred horses in Australia · 2025 · DOI

  • To the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported as heterologous polymeric molecules.

    Partial biochemical and immunological characterization of an isolated 52.1 kDa pregnancy-associated glycoprotein charge variant · 2024 · DOI

  • The possibility of purifying PAGs by precipitation with other concentrations of ammonium sulfate remains unexplored.

    Partial biochemical and immunological characterization of an isolated 52.1 kDa pregnancy-associated glycoprotein charge variant · 2024 · DOI

  • Understanding the male, female and environmental factors that influence the fertility of sheep is warranted if the success of artificial insemination is to be improved and genetic progress maximised for the sheep industry.

    Factors affecting the success of laparoscopic artificial insemination in sheep · 2024 · DOI

  • The study examines the expression and regulation of CSFs and their receptors during pregnancy in pigs.

    Expression and regulation of colony-stimulating factors and their receptors and the role of colony-stimulating factor 1 at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs · 2026 · DOI

  • The study used a limited number of samples (n = 10), - The study was carried out in an animal model, - The study did not investigate the effects of IL-4 on other cell…

    Interleukin-4 changes the transcriptome, ECM-associated components and function of mare endometrial fibroblast: Insights from healthy and fibrotic cells · 2026 · DOI

  • Small sample of 50 cows, - Limited to Bos indicus-influenced, primiparous, approximately 2-year-old, non-lactating…

    Fertility classification of the cow and peri-estrus sex-steroid hormones is associated with endometrial epithelial cell responses to conceptus and inflammatory signals · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the effects of IFNT and sex-steroid hormones on uterine receptivity in different breeds and ages of cows, - Examine the relationship between endometrial epithelial cell responses and pregnancy…

    Fertility classification of the cow and peri-estrus sex-steroid hormones is associated with endometrial epithelial cell responses to conceptus and inflammatory signals · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only analyzed a limited number of mares, - The study only analyzed a limited number of cycles, - The experimental design was limited to a 2 × 2 factorial…

    Serum and uterine fluid extracellular vesicles and prostaglandin E metabolite concentrations during diestrus and early pregnancy in mares · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of abortion storms, - Investigation of the role of viral and fungal infections in abortion storms, - Development of effective control…

    Abortion Storms in Dromedary Camels: Causes, Pathogenesis, Risks, Diagnosis, and Control · 2026 · DOI

  • This longitudinal study represents the first comprehensive analysis of haematological and biochemical parameters in pigs derived from assisted reproductive technologies over a 5-year period, thus filling a gap in the literature.

    Long term study of haematological and biochemical parameters in pigs with different embryo origins · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Reproductive Physiology in Livestock

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of understanding of the role of STAR in granulosa cell function and steroidogenesis (“Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein promotes granulosa cell function and…”, 2026); (2) The oviduct provides an optimal environment to protect gametes and embryos against oxidative stress, yet its endogenous defenses remain insufficiently characterized (“Spatiotemporal expression and hormonal regulation of antioxidant enzymes in the…”, 2026); (3) The lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NEFA-induced damage in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (“Isorhamnetin Ameliorates Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Induced Apoptosis, Lipid…”, 2025); (4) The role of AREG in the development of fibrosis in the progression of endometrosis in mare remains unknown (“The effect of amphiregulin on equine endometrial fibroblasts: in vitro…”, 2025); (5) The precise mechanism through which NEFA impacts the functionality of bovine follicular cells remains elusive (“AMPKα alleviates the inhibitory effect of NEFA on the function of bovine…”, 2025). 431 gap statements have been mined from Reproductive Physiology in Livestock papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,295 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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