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Open research questions in Urban Stormwater Management Solutions

460 gap statements mined from Urban Stormwater Management Solutions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,490 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should focus on comprehensive microstructural characterization, quantitative porosity analysis, advanced durability assessment, expanded experimental datasets for model validation, and field-scale demonstrations to further establish the long-term performance and practical applicability of geopolymer-derived synthetic aggregate pervious concrete systems.

    Performance evaluation and exploratory regression analysis of pervious geopolymer concrete incorporating engineered synthetic aggregates · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should investigate the ability of these pervious concretes to endure repeated cycles of clogging and cleaning, abrasion, freeze-thaw cycles, long-term leaching of components from the pervious concretes, analysis of the stormwater chemistry and quality in more detail, and in determining the life cycle of these pervious concretes.

    Multi-Objective Optimization of GGBS Blended Pervious Concrete: Coupling Mechanical Strength, Permeability, and Water Purification via Microstructure Control · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on integrat‑ ing professional environmental performance simulation tools (such as SWMM) and using their quantitative outputs as the basis for sustainability scoring, particularly in the later stages of design (such as detailed design), to make the leap from qualitative judgment to quantitative feedback.

    AI-Enabled Sustainable Landscape Design: A Decision-Support Framework Based on “Generative-Critical” Multi-Agent · 2026 · DOI

  • Recent research has highlighted that cultural ecosystem services associated with sponge city infrastructure remain underexplored relative to hydrological and governance performance, suggesting an important avenue for future research.

    From Concept to Practice: Evidence and Lessons from Sponge City Implementation in Shenzhen, China · 2026 · DOI

  • This pattern, although it remains to be further investigated, highlights the challenge of managing diffuse pollutant sources in urbanizing landscapes. Though construction sites are identified as potential contributors to high TSS in the study catchment, their impacts warrant further investigation.

    Coupling Modeling Approaches for the Assessment of Runoff Quality in an Urbanizing Catchment · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work will focus on improving performance and reliability by further optimizing the blade/rotor geometry for extreme flow conditions, implementing adaptive electrical matching to keep operation near maximum power under variable flow rates, and enhancing durability through improved sealing/bearing selection and material optimization.

    Sustainable Hydrokinetic Energy System for Smart Home Applications · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on long-term field monitoring, evaluating seasonal variations, and optimizing system designs for various climate conditions, ultimately contributing to improved urban stormwater management and groundwater sustainability.

    Hydrological Effects of Bioretention Facilities in an Environment with a High Groundwater Table and Their Impacts on Groundwater · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research could consider cross-country comparisons to explore whether the CB-SEM-identified and -prioritized challenges in this study are unique to South Africa or if they also apply to other nations facing similar socio-economic and environmental pressures.

    Nature-Based Solution for Sustainable Urban Pavement Construction in South Africa · 2025 · DOI

  • Water scarcity is a significant challenge affecting many countries, especially developing countries. The implementation of innovative rainwater storage systems is hindered by a lack of policy integration. Climate change and population growth exacerbate the problem of water scarcity.

    Sustainable Solutions for Mitigating Water Scarcity in Developing Countries: A Comprehensive Review of Innovative Rainwater Storage Systems · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the effectiveness of NBSs for flood mitigation in urban areas. The existing urban drainage systems are not designed to handle extreme rainfall events. There is a need to develop novel approaches to evaluate the impact of NBSs on flood reduction.

    Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods in Urban Areas—A Simulation Study Based on 1D/2D Coupled Modeling · 2024 · DOI

  • The social and economic aspects of WSUD are not well-established. There is a need for more in-depth exploration of the impacts of WSUD on community well-being, property values, and infrastructure costs.

    Social and Economic Impacts of Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Review · 2024 · DOI

  • The need to integrate the deep tunnel system with existing networks. The challenge of evaluating the economic effectiveness of deep tunnel systems compared to conventional drainage upgrades.

    The Governance and Optimization of Urban Flooding in Dense Urban Areas Utilizing Deep Tunnel Drainage Systems: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China · 2024 · DOI

  • The lack of effective flood control solutions for high-density urban areas. The need for innovative approaches to alleviate urban inundation. The gap in economic analysis of deep tunnel systems compared to conventional drainage upgrades.

    The Governance and Optimization of Urban Flooding in Dense Urban Areas Utilizing Deep Tunnel Drainage Systems: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China · 2024 · DOI

  • The paper identifies the challenge of balancing economies of scale with the need for decentralized systems. The study also highlights the challenge of managing stormwater in urban areas, particularly during extreme rainfall events. The paper notes the complexity of monitoring and operating multiple smaller units in decentralized systems.

    How Scale Influences the Resilience of Urban Water Systems: A Literature Review of Trade-Offs and Recommendations · 2024 · DOI

  • The lack of institutionalization, policies, and regulatory issues in urban stormwater management. The need for alignment between policies, institutions, and regulations for sustainable development.

    Policy, Institutions and Regulation in Stormwater Management: A Hybrid Literature Review · 2024 · DOI

  • The need for sustainable stormwater management practices in urban areas. The lack of effective solutions to manage stormwater in conventional water management systems.

    Urban Stormwater Management: A Sustainable Approach · 2024 · DOI

  • The need to balance the actual research needs and decision-makers' preferences when selecting the optimal LID layout scheme.

    Optimization of LID Strategies for Urban CSO Reduction and Cost Efficiency: A Beijing Case Study · 2024 · DOI

  • High loading rates and limited hydraulic retention times in bioretention systems. Limited understanding of the removal mechanisms of nitrogen and fecal indicator bacteria in bioretention systems. Difficulty in scaling up bioretention systems to treat large volumes of CAFO runoff.

    Treatment of Dairy Farm Runoff in Vegetated Bioretention Systems Amended with Biochar · 2024 · DOI

  • As extreme events will increase in frequency and intensity, changes to our current urban water management are vital to society and economy, especially in areas with high building density.

    Simulating Effectiveness of Low Impact Development (LID) for Different Building Densities in the Face of Climate Change Using a Hydrologic-Hydraulic Model (SWMM5) · 2025 · DOI

  • Conventional stormwater management is criticized and characterized as an unsustainable solution.

    Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Urban Stormwater Management by Enhancing the Water Filtration Model in Rain Gardens · 2024 · DOI

  • Quantifying socio-economic benefits, especially in low-income areas - Developing cost-effective models for scaling WSUD applications - Optimizing collaborations between public and private partnerships to ensure urban green spaces continue to provide economic, environmental, and social benefits - Exploring markets and business models that promote private financing, manage risks, and ensure social equity…

    Social and Economic Impacts of Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Difficulties were experienced in continuously measuring turbidity throughout a storm event, - Turbidity readings had numerous interferences with readings due to air bubbles created when runoff entered the downspouts or from large debris occasionally blocking the sensor, - An improved downspout design is needed in order to accurately measure the turbidity of the roof…

    Water Quality and the First-Flush Effect in Roof-Based Rainwater Harvesting, Part II: First Flush · 2024 · DOI

  • Designing first-flush diverters to include sensors that measure the turbidity of the runoff, - Developing an improved downspout design to accurately measure the turbidity of the roof…

    Water Quality and the First-Flush Effect in Roof-Based Rainwater Harvesting, Part II: First Flush · 2024 · DOI

  • Lack of systematized information about management, - Absence of clear institutionalization of services and establishment of responsibilities in many cities, - Limited understanding of the costs of designing and building sustainable drainage…

    Policy, Institutions and Regulation in Stormwater Management: A Hybrid Literature Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Assessing the effectiveness of LID facilities in mitigating CSO incidents during rainstorm events of varying return periods, - Evaluating the impact of different rainfall intensities on the optimization model and LID layout, - Investigating the global convergence of the optimization…

    Optimization of LID Strategies for Urban CSO Reduction and Cost Efficiency: A Beijing Case Study · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Urban Stormwater Management Solutions

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Recent research has highlighted that cultural ecosystem services associated with sponge city infrastructure remain underexplored relative to hydrological and governance performance, suggesting an important avenue for future research (“From Concept to Practice: Evidence and Lessons from Sponge City Implementation…”, 2026); (2) This pattern, although it remains to be further investigated, highlights the challenge of managing diffuse pollutant sources in urbanizing landscapes (“Coupling Modeling Approaches for the Assessment of Runoff Quality in an…”, 2026); (3) The implementation of innovative rainwater storage systems is hindered by a lack of policy integration (“Sustainable Solutions for Mitigating Water Scarcity in Developing Countries: A…”, 2024); (4) There is a lack of research on the effectiveness of NBSs for flood mitigation in urban areas (“Potential of Decentral Nature-Based Solutions for Mitigation of Pluvial Floods…”, 2024); (5) There is a need for more in-depth exploration of the impacts of WSUD on community well-being, property values, and infrastructure costs (“Social and Economic Impacts of Water Sensitive Urban Design: A Review”, 2024). 460 gap statements have been mined from Urban Stormwater Management Solutions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,490 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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