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Open research questions in Veterinary Oncology Research

109 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 445 Veterinary Oncology Research papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of effective treatment options for lymphatic malformations in veterinary medicine. The etiology of lymphatic malformations is not clear, and the genetic alterations associated with the disease have not been clarified in veterinary medicine.

    Case report: Long-term local control of recurrent lymphatic malformations using minocycline sclerotherapy following surgical resection in a dog · 2026 · DOI

  • The diagnosis of intracranial hemangiosarcoma in cats is challenging due to its rarity and lack of documentation. The imaging characteristics of intracranial HSA in cats have not been previously reported, making it difficult to diagnose. The clinical presentation of intracranial HSA in cats can be non-specific, making it challenging to diagnose based on clinical signs alone.

    Case Report: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in intracranial hemangiosarcoma in a cat · 2026 · DOI

  • No overt extracranial metastases were identified, - The study is a single case report, - Limited number of primary intracranial HSA cases have been documented in dogs

    Case Report: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in intracranial hemangiosarcoma in a cat · 2026 · DOI

  • The study did not investigate the therapeutic potential of EGFR and CD117, - The study did not evaluate the expression of EGFR and CD117 in other species, - The study had a limited sample size of 56 tumor cases

    Immunohistochemical Expression of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors EGFR and CD117 in Canine Urothelial Carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation into the potential interplay between EGFR and CD117 pathways during urothelial carcinogenesis, - Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of EGFR and CD117, - Assessment of EGFR and CD117 expression in other species

    Immunohistochemical Expression of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors EGFR and CD117 in Canine Urothelial Carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Challenges such as a lack of standardization, species variability, and poor clinical translation are acknowledged.

    Technologies in Biomarker Discovery for Animal Diseases: Mechanisms, Classification, and Diagnostic Applications · 2025 · DOI

  • While fecal microbiome and metabolome perturbations have been reported in dogs with chronic enteropathy, they have not been widely studied in dogs with PLE.

    Dysbiosis index and fecal concentrations of sterols, long-chain fatty acids and unconjugated bile acids in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy · 2024 · DOI

  • Some of these studies are inconclusive regarding the difference between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions and have small sample sizes or do not consider all splenic lesions.

    Pathological Characterization and Risk Factors of Splenic Nodular Lesions in Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) · 2024 · DOI

  • Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a common tumor; however, its immune microenvironment remains poorly understood.

    Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Clinicopathological and Prognostic Associations in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma · 2024 · DOI

  • The study is limited by its retrospective design. The sample size is relatively small, with only 138 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria. The study only includes dogs that underwent splenectomy during gastric dilatation-volvulus correction.

    Identification of a solitary splenic mass during surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus is associated with diagnosis of splenic neoplasia in dogs · 2026 · DOI

  • There is no evidence regarding incorporating the HeLP score for dogs presenting with GDV, though it is possible that incorporating similar risk approaches alongside intraoperative findings may improve decision-making regarding histopathologic submission.

    Identification of a solitary splenic mass during surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus is associated with diagnosis of splenic neoplasia in dogs · 2026 · DOI

  • Pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm in cats, with limited reported cases. Antemortem diagnosis is particularly challenging due to the cytologic difficulty in distinguishing neoplastic mesothelial cells from reactive mesothelium.

    Cardiac tamponade in a cat with pericardial mesothelioma · 2026 · DOI

  • Annotation of animal genomes is a major challenge - Many animal genomes have incomplete gene models and limited functional studies - The transposition of human PRS methodology to veterinary species is not trivial

    Genomic Medicine in Veterinary Practice: Diagnostics, Disease Risk, and Precision Treatment Pathways · 2026 · DOI

  • The application of genomic medicine in veterinary practice is still in its early stages - There is a need for more research on the annotation of animal genomes - The transposition of human PRS methodology to veterinary species is not trivial

    Genomic Medicine in Veterinary Practice: Diagnostics, Disease Risk, and Precision Treatment Pathways · 2026 · DOI

  • Accurate diagnosis of middle ear disease can be challenging. Anatomical superimposition can limit the use of radiography and ultrasonography. The underlying causes of para-aural mineralization are unknown.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying causes of para-aural mineralization. The relationship between para-aural mineralization and middle ear disease should be further explored. The use of CT scans to diagnose and manage middle ear disease in dogs should be investigated.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Accurate diagnosis of ear disease in dogs due to vague clinical signs. Anatomical complexity of the canine ear canal. Limited understanding of the causes and treatment of ear disease in dogs.

    Prevalence of ear disease in small-breed dogs undergoing cone-beam computed tomography for dental procedures · 2026 · DOI

  • The prevalence of ear disease in small-breed dogs is not well understood. The use of CBCT in diagnosing ear disease in dogs is a relatively new development. There is a need for further research on the causes and treatment of ear disease in dogs.

    Prevalence of ear disease in small-breed dogs undergoing cone-beam computed tomography for dental procedures · 2026 · DOI

  • The case reinforces the importance of repeat diagnostic imaging in cats with recurrent pyothorax and highlights the feasibility and challenges of VATS for CMPA removal, which has not been previously described in cats.

    EXPRESS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery of a caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscess in a cat with recurrent pyothorax · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study aims to describe the cytopathological and histopathological characteristics of malignant penile hemangiosarcoma in bulls of native breed, thereby contributing to the limited literature on this rare neoplasm in bovines and emphasising the importance of early diagnostic approaches in such atypical presentations.

    Cytopathological Characterization of Malignant Penile Hemangiosarcoma in Bulls of Native Breeds · 2026 · DOI

  • As respiratory clinical signs in hedgehogs are commonly associated with URTD, routine antemortem and postmortem assessments of the nasal and oral cavities are warranted.

    Upper respiratory tract disease in European hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus ): Histopathological, microbiological, and clinical aspects · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for early-stage canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Prior work has highlighted the challenges of diagnosing early-stage disease.

    Individualized chemotherapy strategy in early-stage canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The integration of advanced analytical technologies and artificial intelligence in veterinary cancer diagnostics. The development of new biomarkers and diagnostic tools for early disease detection and monitoring. The exploration of the potential of flow cytometry and liquid biopsy in other veterinary species.

    Flow Cytometry and Liquid Biopsy in Veterinary Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics: A Comparative Pathology Approach · 2026 · DOI

  • The limitations of traditional diagnostic techniques in detecting minimal residual disease and observing tumor evolution over time. The need for minimally invasive and repeatable means for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.

    Flow Cytometry and Liquid Biopsy in Veterinary Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics: A Comparative Pathology Approach · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies investigating MCT epidemiology in Golden Retrievers. Prior studies have not assessed frequency, clinical features, and survival of MCT in a prospective cohort.

    Mast cell tumours in the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study: a cohort study assessing frequency, clinical features and survival · 2026 · DOI

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109 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 445 Veterinary Oncology Research papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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