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Open research questions in Veterinary Oncology Research

34 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 387 Veterinary Oncology Research papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Although the precise mechanism linking elevated NLR and SII with poor cancer outcomes remains unclear, several studies have highlighted the role of inflamma- Fig.

    Diagnostic utility of NLR, PLR, and SII for canine mammary gland tumor malignancy · 2026 · DOI

  • Background Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but highly aggressive neoplasm in humans, with limited knowledge on indicators markers and no standardized treatment.

    Identification of divergent PTPN11 mutations in canine histiocytic sarcomas reveals evidence of an independent clonal origin · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings underscore the translational relevance of the canine OS model for rare tumor research and support further investigation of TLS as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in OS.

    Abstract A041: Comparative analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in canine osteosarcoma supports cross-species tumor immunity in a rare malignancy · 2026 · DOI

  • Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with improved prognosis and immunotherapy response in multiple human cancers but remain poorly defined in OS, particularly in canine patients.

    Abstract A041: Comparative analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in canine osteosarcoma supports cross-species tumor immunity in a rare malignancy · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study provides clinically relevant comparative data regarding APFs and SPFs in a canine population and contributes to the limited literature directly evaluating these reconstructive techniques within the same study cohort. However, the retrospective design, limited sample size, absence of multivariate analysis, and lack of standardized surgical and postoperative protocols should be considered when interpreting the findings. Future prospective multicenter studies with larger populations, standardized protocols, objective perfusion assessment, and multivariate analyses are warranted to better identify independent predictors of flap success and further clarify the comparative performance of APFs and SPFs in canine reconstructive surgery.

    Retrospective comparison of axial pattern and subdermal plexus flaps in canine reconstructive surgery: Surgical outcomes, complications, and factors associated with wound dehiscence · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Background Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is extremely rare in dogs; only few cases have been reported in veterinary literature, and its clinicopathological characteristics, biological behavior, and classification remain incompletely characterized.

    Multifocal non-epitheliotrophic cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma in a dog: cytologic, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings · 2026 · DOI

  • As respiratory clinical signs in hedgehogs are commonly associated with URTD, routine antemortem and postmortem assessments of the nasal and oral cavities are warranted.

    Upper respiratory tract disease in European hedgehogs ( <i>Erinaceus europaeus</i> ): Histopathological, microbiological, and clinical aspects · 2026 · DOI

  • The present study aims to describe the cytopathological and histopathological characteristics of malignant penile hemangiosarcoma in bulls of native breed, thereby contributing to the limited literature on this rare neoplasm in bovines and emphasising the importance of early diagnostic approaches in such atypical presentations.

    Cytopathological Characterization of Malignant Penile Hemangiosarcoma in Bulls of Native Breeds · 2026 · DOI

  • The case reinforces the importance of repeat diagnostic imaging in cats with recurrent pyothorax and highlights the feasibility and challenges of VATS for CMPA removal, which has not been previously described in cats.

    EXPRESS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery of a caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscess in a cat with recurrent pyothorax · 2026 · DOI

  • Although brachycephalic conformation was associated with tympanic bulla wall thickening and intraluminal fluid, it showed no increased risk for para-aural mineralization. The specific structural or functional mechanisms by which bulla wall thickening predisposes to para-aural mineralization in non-brachycephalic dogs require investigation through biomechanical analysis and comparative imaging studies.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • One recent study reported external ear canal wall mineralization occurring independently of ear disease duration (80% in disease-free cases), contradicting this paper's chronic otitis-driven pathogenesis hypothesis. Direct comparison studies examining the same dog populations with standardized otitis externa classification systems and disease duration documentation are needed to resolve this conflicting evidence.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Serial CT imaging in this study showed dynamic coalescence of mineral fragments, suggesting an active calcification process, but the timeline and progression rate of para-aural mineralization formation remain uncharacterized. Longitudinal imaging studies tracking the same dogs over defined intervals are needed to quantify mineralization kinetics and correlate progression with clinical otitis severity.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Histopathologic correlation is absent from this retrospective case-control study. Tissue samples from dogs with para-aural mineralization need to be analyzed to determine whether the mineral deposits represent dystrophic calcium deposition secondary to chronic inflammation versus a degenerative process, resolving the current mechanistic uncertainty.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • The study comprised only 15 case group dogs from a 13-year database of 1833 head CT examinations. Multi-center prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to establish whether para-aural mineralization serves as a reliable imaging biomarker for underlying otic disease and to clarify if early detection influences therapeutic outcomes in dogs with chronic otitis media or aural neoplasia.

    Prevalence of mineralization in the para-aural region in dogs with and without ear disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is no evidence regarding incorporating the HeLP score for dogs presenting with GDV, though it is possible that incorporating similar risk approaches alongside intraoperative findings may improve decision-making regarding histopathologic submission.

    Identification of a solitary splenic mass during surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus is associated with diagnosis of splenic neoplasia in dogs · 2026 · DOI

  • As a result, due to the presence of rarely reported widespread metastases in the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, mediastinal and mesenterial lymph nodes, intestine and kidneys of the diagnosed plasmacytoma case, it was deemed appropriate to publish the case in order to contribute to the literature by attracting the attention of veterinarians.

    A case of plasmacytoma with widespread metastasis in a dog · 2023 · DOI

  • Abstract Introduction Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established.

    Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs · 2018 · DOI

  • Studies on the canine neoplasia are currently limited by the lack of well-characterized and widely available cell lines; thus, recently obtained canine NHL cell lines may become a valuable model for such studies.

    The dog as a model for comparative studies of lymphoma and leukemia in humans · 2013 · DOI

  • Further exploration of clonal evolution in HS is warranted to improve treatment approaches in both species.

    Identification of divergent PTPN11 mutations in canine histiocytic sarcomas reveals evidence of an independent clonal origin · 2026 · DOI

  • In the present case, the absence of any intraocular pathology and the fact that ophthalmic findings were limited to the periocular region suggest that anaplasmosis should be evaluated with a focus on its periocular involvement.

    Co-infection of adenovirus and anaplasma in a puppy presenting with suspected juvenile cellulitis · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited comparative data exists on the effectiveness of different immunohistochemical marker combinations in diagnosing feline mesothelioma across multiple cases.

    Cardiac tamponade in a cat with pericardial mesothelioma · 2026 · DOI

  • A prospective study with strict requirements for submission of splenic tissue in all cases would provide a more accurate assessment of malignancy prevalence.

    Identification of a solitary splenic mass during surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus is associated with diagnosis of splenic neoplasia in dogs · 2026 · DOI

  • Unable to retrospectively determine why splenic tissue was submitted in some cases and not in others, which affects understanding of selection bias in the study population.

    Identification of a solitary splenic mass during surgery for gastric dilatation-volvulus is associated with diagnosis of splenic neoplasia in dogs · 2026 · DOI

  • The obtained results indicate a necessity for further study of the cellular immunity of dogs with pyoderma in order to develop novel protocols for the treatment of animals with the use of means of immunocorrection.

    DETERMINATION OF SOME INDICATORS OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN DOGS WITH DEEP PYODERMIA · 2023 · DOI

  • In conclusion canine distemper virus may affect mature dogs over six years old as “old dog encephalitis” and this condition may provide a valuable model for further study of demyelinating diseases including measles in humans.

    A Case of A 13-Year-Old Dog with Old Dog Encephalitis: A Rare Form of Canine Distemper · 2020 · DOI

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34 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 387 Veterinary Oncology Research papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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