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Open research questions in Balkans: History, Politics, Society

66 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,894 Balkans: History, Politics, Society papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study showed that the educational reforms of 1945-1953 played a decisive role in the beginning of the emancipation processes of Albanian women in Kosovo, although their effectiveness was limited by a complex of socio-cultural, economic, and ethno-political factors.

    Education and Emancipation of Albanian Women in Kosovo during the Post-World War II Socialist Period (1945-1953) · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could address these gaps by integrating empirical data such as interviews with fathers from various regions, socioeconomic backgrounds and family arrangements in order to explore how legal entitlements and media narratives are experienced in everyday life. Additionally, the study did not incorporate audience reception data, leaving open questions about how these media constructions are interpreted or internalised by the public, particularly by fathers themselves.

    Framing Fatherhood: Legal Norms and Media Narratives in Croatia · 2026 · DOI

  • The study investigates the Bosniaks’ affinity for coexistence by examining the underexplored case of interfaith solidarity and entente between Muslims and Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1540 to the present.

    A Model of Resilience Against Hate and Violence: Muslim-Jewish Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2025 · DOI

  • If contemporary society finds that the democratic process is insufficiently representative if it does not reflect the versatility of the population, first of all through qualitative representation, as well as implementing its core interests and its subcultures, one can expect that each isolation and neglect opens a possibility for the emergence of constructions/politicization of different kind, especially of ones that are related to religion.

    The Issue of Confessional Affiliation Concerning the Construction of Ethnic Identity: The Example of Macedonians with Islamic Religion · 2025 · DOI

  • Originality/value: This research thematizes the development of the legal deposit system in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 1945 to 1995, by gathering selected regulations related to legal deposit, adopted in this time period, for the first time in one place, as a basis for further research of this institution in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

    Coverage and Values of Legal Deposit in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1945–1995) · 2024 · DOI

  • International Status of a Territory, Nationalism and Appropriation of History: The Case of KosovoThe issue of how legal arrangements pertaining to the international status of a political or administrative unit can influence the construction of the national identity is rarely addressed in the existing scholarship on ethnicity, nation and nationalism.

    International Status of a Territory, Nationalism and Appropriation of History: The Case of Kosovo · 2022 · DOI

  • The lack of consensus among the constitutive peoples of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina on the change of the statehood status and the form of its future organisation resulted in the outbreak of a civil war.

    The creation and statehood of the Republic of Srpska: From a state to a B&H entity, from the past and present toward the future · 2020 · DOI

  • While her archival investigation is limited to the most important but relatively narrow timeframe of 1956–71, when the question was deemed resolved, Iva Lučić’s meticulous study goes further, offering a detailed and systematic, theoretically- and methodologically-layered analysis of Muslim nation-building in all aspects of Socialist Yugoslavia.

    Verdery , Katherine My Life as a Spy: Investigations in a Secret Police File (review) · 2019 · DOI

  • While her archival investigation is limited to the most important but relatively narrow timeframe of 1956–71, when the question was deemed resolved, Iva Lučić’s meticulous study goes further, offering a detailed and systematic, theoretically- and methodologically-layered analysis of Muslim nation-building in all aspects of Socialist Yugoslavia.

    Lučić , Iva Im Namen der Nation. Der politische Aufwertungsprozess der Muslime im sozialistischen Jugoslawien (1956â1971) (review) · 2019 · DOI

  • There is a lack of evidence on whether people did not overtly express their religious beliefs during communism even though they were covertly religious, or whether they started engaging in the religious practice during and after the 1992-1995 war in order to establish group connectedness, cohesion, and fulfill certain needs.

    BOSNIAN IDENTITY BETWEEN NATIONALISM, (IN)TOLERANCE AND (A)THEISM · 2017 · DOI

  • Since the early 1860s many Croat politicians, both prominent (from Ante Starcevic and Ante Pavelic to Franjo Tudjman) and little known, have been openly expressing the ambition to annex Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia at a favourable moment and under certain conditions, invoking Croatian state and historical right in support of their pretensions.

    Croatian pretensions to Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1848 · 2014 · DOI

  • However, despite the dependence of those identification technologies on DNA samples from people who might be related to the dead and despite also the prominence of the notion of “relatedness” as a device for identifying the dead, the concepts of “relatedness” and “kinship” remain elusive both in practice and in analyses of the social and ethical aspects of DVI by DNA; they are hidden in full sight.

    Hidden in full sight: kinship, science and the law in the aftermath of the Srebrenica genocide · 2014 · DOI

  • It was done by one-sided decision of government Vienna, with active help of government Berlin, and with reluctant but tacit consent of Russian government which could not be determined and free its foreign political actions due to situation their country following events 1905.

    Violence of Austro-Hungary over Serbs at the beginning of 20th century · 2013

  • Finally, the hypothesis is posed (which should be further investigated by means of in-depth research and complementary approach) that the speeding-up of the second demographic transition and intensification of the individualisation not only of the partnership but of the parenthood as well, accompanied with the rise of living standard and social support to balancing work and family, would have produced important emancipating and, concomitantly, positive socioeconomic and demographic effects.

    Second demographic transition de-blocked? · 2011 · DOI

  • A largely understudied aspect of the 1992-95 Bosnian war-the intra-Muslim war in northwestern Bosnia-illustrates the importance of local elites and micro-level economic incentives in civil wars.

    Following the Money: Muslim versus Muslim in Bosnia's Civil War · 2008 · DOI

  • The situation relating to the southern Serbian province of Kosovo, after its unilateral declaration of independence at the beginning of 2008, and subsequent recognition by parts of the international community, remains unclear.

    Swinging the Pendulum: World War II History, Politics, National Identity and Difficulties of Reconciliation in Croatia and Serbia · 2008 · DOI

  • Given that the issue of the functioning of parliamentary democracy in Serbia 1903-1914 has not been thoroughly explored, an attempt is made to define the capacities of Serbia?s parliamentary system confronted with military interferences in political processes.

    Nikola Pasic: The Radicals and the "Black hand" challenges to parliamentary democracy in Serbia 1903-1917 · 2006 · DOI

  • There are no data on land auctions, but Hungarian sociologists assume that in about 70 per cent of all cases not genuine but agreed-on auctions took place (I.

    Violence and social (dis)continuity: comparing collectivization in two East European villages · 2005 · DOI

  • Yet Vienna's 1878-82 operations in Bosnia - including a hard-fought, multi-corps invasion followed by a sustained counterinsurgency campaign to put down lingering resistance to Habsburg rule - remain little known even among scholars of the region and counterinsurgency experts.

    Defeating Balkan Insurgency: The Austro-Hungarian Army in Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1878-82 · 2004 · DOI

  • The emigration of the Muslims from Bosnia-Hercegovina, which was limited to the high-ranking officials and local notables in the early occupation years, increased following the promulgation of a law in 1881 requiring the compulsory military service of the Muslims in the Austro-Hungarian army.

    The Emergence of the First Muslim Party in Bosnia-Hercegovina · 1996

  • (8) Fieldwork in Albania in these times is challenging, due to the state of the economy and the degree of social uncertainty, and yet to begin to understand how survived Communist times, and to note the directions it is presently taking, it is crucial to interview often aged Muslims there and visit villages whose activities have not been documented in any written form.

    The Resurfacing of Islam in Albania · 1994

  • The preamble of the Red Government's proposal for a new constitution of Finland, for example, mentions "half-foreign noble lords' oppression," obviously referring to the Swedish- speaking nobility, but formal action against this specific group was limited to the abolishment of titles of nobility from official usage; however, this was an action to which the victorious Whites also subscribed.

    Revolution, civil war, and ethnic relations: The case of Finland · 1974 · DOI

  • uestion has not been adequately studied in our country, so there have been quite a number of at tempts to construct a systematic theory of our social structure. Third, the lower stratum is composed of people who are scarcely ensured minimum existence and who are also often exploited.

    Social Stratification as a Cause of Social Conflicts in Yugoslavia · 1972 · DOI

  • This may also be due to the significant limitations and powers associated with the presidency in Albania and Kosovo, in relation to their connections in Albania, as well as in Kosovo, which may be much more influenced by the factors that are in the state of the presidency in Albania.

    THE REPLACEMENT OF ENGLISH WORDS WITH ALBANIAN WORDS ON THE WEBSITES OF THE HIGHEST INSTITUTIONS IN KOSOVO, ALBANIA, AND NORTH MACEDONIA · 2026 · DOI

  • Although numerous studies adress the pre-modern Balkan frontier and 19th-century military and administrative reforms, the innovative measures to secure these borders remain unexplored.

    DEFENDING THE BALKAN FRONTIER: THE ORGANIZATION OF MILITARY COLONIES IN THE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN BOSNIA · 2025 · DOI

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66 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,894 Balkans: History, Politics, Society papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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