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Open research questions in Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

626 gap statements mined from Breastfeeding Practices and Influences papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,506 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should focus on prospective implementation studies evaluating the PEARL tool in routine prenatal care across multiple healthcare settings.

    Content Validation of the Prenatal Evaluation and Referral for Lactation (PEARL) Tool Using a Delphi Method · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the present study focused on scheduled cesarean sections in low-risk pregnancies, future research should explore the applicability and impact of ERAS pathways in more complex obstetric scenarios.

    Breastfeeding Outcomes After Scheduled Cesarean Section Under an ERAS Pathway: An Analytical Observational Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The emotional response to unmet breastfeeding expectations has been conceptualised in the literature as a “silent grief”, referring to emotional suffering that may remain insufficiently recognised or validated.

    Desired but Unattained Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Exploration of Maternal Perceptions in a Cultural–Religious Context · 2026 · DOI

  • This study has several limitations. Future studies are warranted to further explore the influences of diverse medication types on neonatal breast crawl competence. Third, systematic benchmarking against multiple comparative models is warranted, including clinical-variable-only models, models trained on manually engineered behavioral features, and alternative video-based network architectures.

    A deep learning model for automated assessment of neonates at risk of impaired breast crawl: a proof-of-concept video-based study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need to address early weaning from breast milk and the introduction of complementary feeding. The study notes the importance of understanding perceptions of human milk composition and quality in Samoa.

    Nurturing Bonds: A Qualitative Exploration of Breastfeeding and Responsive Feeding Practices in Samoan Mother‐Infants Dyads · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding about perceptions of human milk composition and quality in Samoa. The introduction of solid foods and weaning practices in Samoan families are not well understood. There is a need to explore factors associated with early weaning from breast milk and the introduction of complementary feeding.

    Nurturing Bonds: A Qualitative Exploration of Breastfeeding and Responsive Feeding Practices in Samoan Mother‐Infants Dyads · 2026 · DOI

  • The discrepancy between breastfeeding recommendations and real-world practices suggests that breastfeeding difficulties cannot be explained solely as a behavioral phenomenon. There is a lack of knowledge about longitudinal electromyographic activity during early breastfeeding.

    Electromyographic patterns of breastfeeding infants with normal lingual frenulum attachment – a longitudinal pilot study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of qualitative studies examining the transition experience of employed mothers in Hail City. Little information is available regarding employed mothers' experiences of returning to work while breastfeeding. The study aims to fill this gap by exploring the lived experiences of employed mothers transitioning back to the workplace while breastfeeding.

    The Lived Experience of Employed Mothers Transitioning Back to the Workplace While Breastfeeding · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the long-term effects of prenatal programs that include EI training on maternal mental health, child development, and parenting styles.

    A Study on Emotional Intelligence, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, and Prenatal Maternal Expectations in Women Attending a Pregnancy School · 2025 · DOI

  • This population’s specific characteristics and challenges should be investigated to better understand and address the factors affecting EB within this demographic, in line with the quality index’s goal of improving early nutrition and breastfeeding rates across Israel.

    Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Amongst Arab Mothers in Israel: Social, Cultural, and Occupational Aspects · 2025 · DOI

  • For example, longitudinal designs need to be considered in order to track breastfeeding practices over time. This approach would allow researchers to explore how factors influencing breastfeeding decisions change as infants grow and as mothers’ circumstances, such as employment or family dynamics, evolve.

    Factors Contributing to Breastfeeding Cessation Among Arab Women in Israel · 2025 · DOI

  • Given the multifaceted nature of obesity-induced delayed lactogenesis, future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses molecular, physiological, and behavioral dimensions.

    Etiology of Delayed Lactogenesis in Obesity · 2025 · DOI

  • While national data on breastfeeding in twin pregnancies are lacking, our findings align with other Turkish studies reporting similarly low durations in twin births.

    Twin Challenges in Türkiye: Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Predictors of Breastfeeding Duration in a Tertiary Care Center · 2025 · DOI

  • Firstly, it remains unclear whether the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the search strategy were sufficiently valid to identify all relevant studies. (2020), which indicates that the limitations of this study also had a limiting effect in the present study.

    Challenges and Choices in Breastfeeding Healthy, Sick and Preterm Babies: Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research should address these limitations with larger, multi-center studies, longer follow-up periods, comprehensive control for confounders, and inclusion of non-breastfeeding women to enhance the generalizability of the findings. Future research should explore additional variables and potential interactions to enhance the explanatory power of these models.

    Factors Influence Breastfeeding Duration after High Risk and Low Risk Pregnancies · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate breast volume growth and maternal BMI as potential risk factors for low milk production. Prior studies have found inconsistent results regarding the relationship between maternal age and milk production.

    Maternal Breast Growth and Body Mass Index Are Associated with Low Milk Production in Women · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a gap in understanding the factors related to early breastfeeding abandonment, particularly in relation to maternal health literacy and obstetric practices. The study aims to address this gap by examining the factors related to early breastfeeding abandonment. The gap in understanding the relationship between health literacy, obstetric practices, and breastfeeding outcomes is also addressed.

    Factors Influencing Duration of Breastfeeding: Insights from a Prospective Study of Maternal Health Literacy and Obstetric Practices · 2024 · DOI

  • The exact causes of preterm birth remain elusive. There is a need to explore the psychosocial factors influencing breastfeeding in mothers following preterm birth.

    Psychosocial Factors Influencing Breastmilk Production in Mothers After Preterm Birth: The Role of Social Support in Early Lactation Success—A Cross-Sectional Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse populations to explore the long-term effects of self-efficacy interventions and their impact on breastfeeding outcomes.

    Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Woman · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term effects of breastfeeding, taking into account different feeding patterns, the role of social support, workplace interventions, and the effectiveness of breastfeeding education.

    Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being · 2025 · DOI

  • Moreover, the small sample sizes and lack of standardization in milk sampling protocols hinder the generalizability of these findings. Instead, the available evidence is often derived from retrospective reviews or uncontrolled observations, which are insufficient to establish causality.

    The Impact of Substance Use Disorder and Drug Transfer into Breast Milk: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health · 2025 · DOI

  • Mothers may have underreported or overreported their breastfeeding practices or the factors influencing their decisions based on their perceptions or desire to present themselves in a positive light.

    Factors Contributing to Breastfeeding Cessation Among Arab Women in Israel · 2025 · DOI

  • Cradleboard use and its associated meanings vary widely among tribes and individual families, underscoring the importance of avoiding generalizations. Broader systemic factors–including colonial histories, childcare policies, and social determinants of health–inevitably influence parenting choices and practices, warranting further exploration.

    Beyond an Infant Sleep Aid: Reclaiming Diné Cradleboard Practices to Support Maternal and Infant Health · 2026 · DOI

  • Building upon existing research that has primarily focused on maternal factors, this study advances the field in two respects: first, by positioning PBSSE as a core predictor variable rather than a peripheral support factor; and second, by testing maternal breastfeeding knowledge as a mediating mechanism linking paternal self-efficacy to maternal behavior—a theoretically derived pathway that has not been directly…

    The relationship between paternal breastfeeding support self-efficacy and maternal breastfeeding behavior at 6 weeks postpartum: the mediating role of breastfeeding knowledge · 2026 · DOI

  • Further investigation in larger longitudinal cohorts is needed, - Exploration of the relationship between electromyographic activity and maternal or infant-related outcomes is warranted, - Investigation of the effects of lingual frenulum anatomy and function on breastfeeding…

    Electromyographic patterns of breastfeeding infants with normal lingual frenulum attachment – a longitudinal pilot study · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research should focus on prospective implementation studies evaluating the PEARL tool in routine prenatal care across multiple healthcare settings (“Content Validation of the Prenatal Evaluation and Referral for Lactation…”, 2026); (2) Future studies are warranted to further explore the influences of diverse medication types on neonatal breast crawl competence (“A deep learning model for automated assessment of neonates at risk of impaired…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of understanding about perceptions of human milk composition and quality in Samoa (“Nurturing Bonds: A Qualitative Exploration of Breastfeeding and Responsive…”, 2026); (4) There is a lack of knowledge about longitudinal electromyographic activity during early breastfeeding (“Electromyographic patterns of breastfeeding infants with normal lingual…”, 2026); (5) There is a lack of qualitative studies examining the transition experience of employed mothers in Hail City (“The Lived Experience of Employed Mothers Transitioning Back to the Workplace…”, 2026). 626 gap statements have been mined from Breastfeeding Practices and Influences papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,506 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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