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Open research questions in Business Process Modeling and Analysis

61 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 459 Business Process Modeling and Analysis papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The lack of a clear path by which BPM impacts financial performance theoretically or empirically currently. The need for strategies for improving business operations and profit levels in light of the growing significance of business process management over recent years. The challenge of realizing the full financial efficiency of BPM requires not only technological innovation but also multiple dimensions' multi-level promotion across organisational change Management, data infrastructure construction quality capability building support governance frameworks.

    The Impact Mechanism of Business Process Management on Corporate Financial Efficiency in the Context of Digital Economy · 2026 · DOI

  • Although there is no clear path by which BPM impacts financial performance theoretically or empirically currently. The lack of a systematic review and analytical framework development for integrating publicly available macro-economic and Industry Data with research results from peers in this field.

    The Impact Mechanism of Business Process Management on Corporate Financial Efficiency in the Context of Digital Economy · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies the challenge of implementing BPM in a public university. The study highlights the need for strategic alignment and the role of IT tools in supporting BPM. The study demonstrates the challenge of fostering a shift from functional to process-oriented management in higher education.

    Implementation of BPM at a Public University in Poland: The Significance of Custom IT Tools · 2026 · DOI

  • The integration of LLMs with symbolic planning and heuristic search. The need for structured workflows, oversight, and governance. The potential for brittle performance when encountering scenarios outside of predefined training parameters.

    Large language models in manufacturing: a comprehensive review · 2026 · DOI

  • To further improve the accuracy and efficiency of the pipeline. To apply the pipeline to various manufacturing domains and evaluate its performance. To develop a universally accepted framework for balancing competing performance criteria during algorithm selection.

    Automated OCEL transformation for real-time conformance in complex manufacturing · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of automated OCEL transformation frameworks for real-time conformance in complex manufacturing. The need for a universally accepted framework to balance competing performance criteria during algorithm selection. The limitation of prior work in providing semi-automated tools that require manual correction when classification inconsistencies arise.

    Automated OCEL transformation for real-time conformance in complex manufacturing · 2026 · DOI

  • While Low-Code platforms (LCP) enable domain experts to design extensions, the integration of business process libraries (BPLs) with Enterprise Systems (ES) remains under-researched.

    The Missing Link in ERP Customization: Integrating Low-Code Platforms and Business Process Libraries · 2026

  • Future research should explore prototypical implementations, AI-driven process creation, and long-term governance impacts.

    The Missing Link in ERP Customization: Integrating Low-Code Platforms and Business Process Libraries · 2026

  • While Low-Code platforms (LCP) enable domain experts to design extensions, the integration of business process libraries (BPLs) with Enterprise Systems (ES) remains under-researched.

    The Missing Link in ERP Customization · 2026

  • Future research should explore prototypical implementations, AI-driven process creation, and long-term governance impacts.

    The Missing Link in ERP Customization · 2026

  • The conflict resolution strategy for enabled transitions (shown in the iteration block Case A vs. Case B) uses ad-hoc case splitting; a formal prioritization or conflict resolution policy for software processes with non-deterministic choice between loop continuation and exit conditions is not defined.

    Representation of Dynamic Basic Block in Software Evolution Using Incidence Matrix · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper presents incidence matrix formulations for individual basic block types but does not specify computational complexity bounds or performance metrics for constructing and analyzing incidence matrices in large-scale software systems with hundreds or thousands of interacting basic blocks.

    Representation of Dynamic Basic Block in Software Evolution Using Incidence Matrix · 2026 · DOI

  • A key limitation of this study is that the use case stems from one social law court in Ger- many, focusing on chambers handling specific types of cases from the same judge. While this limits generalizability across courts, regions, and legal systems, it can also be seen as a strength, as the observed differences in case duration and process structure cannot be attributed to variation between judges or jurisdictions. Due to privacy constraints, sub- stantial identifying information was removed from the event log to ensure anonymity. As a result, it was not possible to determine which specific clerks, attorneys, or expert wit- nesses participated in individual cases. Incorporating this information (while maintain- ing privacy) could enable object-centric analysis and more fine-grained analyses, such as assessing the impact of specific actors on case duration and process flow. Further- more, the event log available from the court system contained only end dates for activi- ties. While certain activities, such as sending invitations, are instantaneous and the most important aspect of the event log in court proceedings is the chronological sequence of the process, the duration of activities could provide deeper insights into bottlenecks and inefficiencies.

    Let the record show: a structured approach to process analytics in judicial contexts · 2026 · DOI

  • To apply the metamodel and simulation environment in various domains. To evaluate the metamodel and simulation environment in real-world scenarios. To improve the metamodel and simulation environment based on the results of the evaluation.

    Organizational Interoperability: Strengthening Collaboration in Systems of Information Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Current BPM and SOA approaches do not handle the dynamic nature of Systems of Information Systems. There is a lack of adequate solutions for organizational interoperability in collaborative Systems of Information Systems.

    Organizational Interoperability: Strengthening Collaboration in Systems of Information Systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Organizations have difficulties with coordination among tasks. There is a need for insights into the innovation process for implementing automation through workflow.

    A Study on Fundamental Concepts for Workflow Automation · 2026 · DOI

  • Controlled comparison of alternative LLM integration architectures under identical workload, multi-tenant, and infrastructure conditions. Long-term observations of architectural behavior across multiple release cycles, as well as cross-industry differences in the operation of LLM components.

    Architectural approaches to integrating LLM-models into corporate B2B SAAS-systems · 2026 · DOI

  • The literature lacks an integrated perspective linking LLM integration with reliability requirements, cost controllability, multi-tenant constraints, and the governed evolution of platform functionality in corporate SaaS systems. Existing research addresses LLM use in enterprise design, LLMOps-oriented lifecycle management, and architectural solutions for service-oriented or self-hosted systems, but these directions remain fragmented.

    Architectural approaches to integrating LLM-models into corporate B2B SAAS-systems · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing research lacks a unified classification of change documentation approaches and context-sensitive recommendations for their selection. Current studies do not provide a structured method for selecting a documentation approach based on the project context.

    Context-oriented Framework for Determining Requirements Change Documentation Approaches · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work should address each of these gaps through multi-country replication, observational studies, and expert validation of the taxonomy. Besides that, future research may explore automated support for documentation processes, including intelligent methods for traceability, change-impact analysis, and detecting knowledge degradation in complex systems.

    Context-oriented Framework for Determining Requirements Change Documentation Approaches · 2026 · DOI

  • Only 36% of studies provided source code or artifacts. Without access to exact prompts or datasets, replication is impossible. The lack of standardized validation in primary studies is a critical gap.

    Structural and Algorithmic Limitations in LLM-Driven BPMN Generation: A Rapid Review of Empirical Evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • Developing hybrid architectures combining LLM semantic extraction with specialized graph layout algorithms. Investigating the use of other LLMs and prompt-based methodologies for BPMN generation.

    Structural and Algorithmic Limitations in LLM-Driven BPMN Generation: A Rapid Review of Empirical Evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional task management systems struggle with fragmented communication and siloed data. The lack of a unified model capable of handling multiple operational streams simultaneously.

    Task Management and Collaboration Tool for Teams · 2026 · DOI

  • Neural networks (NN) are challenging to apply in domains requiring high reliability due to their black-box nature, - The proposed approach uses a given work system, - Future research will include more employees and samples, and the vocabulary will be expanded

    Automatic Generation of Work Process Descriptions · 2026 · DOI

  • Manual business process modelling can be a time-consuming and error-prone process, - There is a need to develop a method that supports the creation of production documentation and employs an efficient data analysis technique

    Automatic Generation of Work Process Descriptions · 2026 · DOI

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61 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 459 Business Process Modeling and Analysis papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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