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Open research questions in Cancer Risks and Factors

40 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 493 Cancer Risks and Factors papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Background: Although higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been associated with lower breast cancer risk, whether CRF modifies the association between polygenic risk and breast cancer remains unclear.

    Cardiorespiratory fitness, polygenic risk, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • BackgroundSugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), and fruit and vegetable juices are consumed worldwide, yet their associations with cancer remain unclear.

    Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetable juices and cancer risk: a World Cancer Research Fund International Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Data on BMI- adherence relationships is lacking within the CRC literature, with little “real-world” data on dose capping prevalence outside of clinical trials. However, within the CRC obesity literature, prognostic data on adherence are lacking.

    Body mass index, adjuvant chemotherapy, toxicity, and survival in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: an individual participant data meta-analysis (OCTOPUS) · 2026 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare yet increasingly prevalent condition, characterized by diagnostic delay, distinct tumor biology, and complex clinical and psychosocial challenges that are insufficiently addressed within contemporary breast cancer research agendas.

    Towards patient-centered research in pregnancy-associated breast cancer: creating a science agenda through a priority-setting-partnership · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate additional pregnancy complications and risk factors and clarify the underlying mechanisms linking GDM and pre-eclampsia with cancer in later life.

    The association of pregnancy complications/risk factors with the development of cancer in women: an umbrella review · 2026 · DOI

  • Impact statementWhat already known on this subject? Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and have a strong association with overweight and obesity of at least 40%, but there is conflicting evidence of an association of EC with metabolic syndrome (MS).

    A single centre experience of metabolic syndrome and endometrial carcinoma: 5 years review · 2020 · DOI

  • The extent of AMH decline across malignancies and treatment regimens and the degree of subsequent recovery have not been systematically quantified.

    Assessing the reproductive lifespan of female cancer survivors using AMH: a meta-synthesis of longitudinal studies · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings support further investigation of CRF as a potentially modifiable factor among women with elevated polygenic risk.

    Cardiorespiratory fitness, polygenic risk, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Individuals with normal BMI but high visceral fat, termed “Thin Outside, Fat Inside” (TOFI) are understudied in cancer populations.

    CT-derived visceral fat phenotypes to reveal a metabolically defined TOFI subgroup in a lung cancer screening cohort: An imaging-based framework for evaluating the BMI paradox. · 2026 · DOI

  • Hitherto, nutritional guidelines in cases of breast cancer remission are lacking, nevertheless specialists state that they should be based on primary prevention.

    Leczenie żywieniowe u chorych na nowotwory piersi · 2017 · DOI

  • Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes However, countering the influence of sexual objectification on cancer research through increased attention to the under-studied, sex non-specific cancers (e.

    Women and Cancer · 2014 · DOI

  • The possibility of a link between the oral contraceptive use and breast cancer has led to intensive research, but studies have provided inconsistent results causing confusion among clinicians.

    The risk of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer in oral contraceptive users · 2010 · DOI

  • The author argues that while the model remains uncertain and controversial, it has become the standard tool for the many jobs associated with legitimizing chemoprevention use in the United States.

    Constructing “High-Risk Women”: The Development and Standardization of a Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool · 2004 · DOI

  • Analyses were limited to the 42 panels scheduled to meet on site and the 2190 proposals scored by both participant groups.

    Quantitative Impact of Including Consumers in the Scientific Review of Breast Cancer Research Proposals · 2002 · DOI

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40 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 493 Cancer Risks and Factors papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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