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Open research questions in Cardiac Health and Mental Health

522 gap statements mined from Cardiac Health and Mental Health papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,398 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of understanding of the risk factors for kinesiophobia in post-CABG patients. There is a need for a prediction model to estimate individual risk of kinesiophobia.

    Analysis of risk factors for kinesiophobia after coronary artery bypass grafting and construction of a nomogram prediction model · 2026 · DOI

  • One challenge is the low participation rate in cardiac rehabilitation among adults with heart failure. Another challenge is the complex interaction of patient, organizational, health-system, and sociocultural factors that influence cardiac rehabilitation participation.

    Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation among adults with heart failure and nursing-led strategies to improve participation: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of dedicated mental health resources in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs. The need to identify patients who may benefit from dedicated mental health interventions during the program.

    Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program Without Dedicated Mental Health Resources Post-Myocardial Infarction · 2025 · DOI

  • To guide clinical practice and future research, a practical, gender-aware framework for CR design and delivery is proposed. The proposed framework can be adjusted and evaluated across diverse healthcare settings.

    Adherence to Exercise and Functional Rehabilitation Programs in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: Barriers and Strategies · 2025 · DOI

  • Participation rates in cardiovascular rehabilitation remain low. Barriers to access include a lack of program availability, inadequate insurance coverage, and geographical distance from rehabilitation centers. There is a limitation of resources, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which hinders access to cardiovascular rehabilitation.

    Cardiovascular Nursing in Rehabilitative Cardiology: A Review · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a limited number of studies that have directly compared the effects of different doses of exercise on cardiovascular health. There is a dearth of data that rigorously examine fundamental components of exercise dose in relation to desired clinical outcomes.

    Endurance Training Exercise Dose in Coronary Artery Disease Rehabilitation · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a lack of long-term data looking at outcomes post-PCI. Current risk models do not adequately account for the risk conveyed by lower socioeconomic status.

    The Association of Socioeconomic Status (SES) with Procedural Management and Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): An Observational Study from the Pan-London PCI (BCIS) Registry · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs due to associated challenges. Need for a remote cardiac rehabilitation program that can enhance adherence and improve exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease.

    Wearable Devices in Remote Cardiac Rehabilitation With and Without Weekly Online Coaching for Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of smartwatch-facilitated HBCR. Future research should compare the smartwatch-facilitated HBCR model with traditional center-based cardiac rehabilitation. Studies should explore the cost-effectiveness of smartwatch-facilitated HBCR programs.

    Effectiveness of Smartwatch Device on Adherence to Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited accessibility and adherence to traditional center-based cardiac rehabilitation programs. Inconsistent findings regarding patients' adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs. The need for robust clinical evidence on the effectiveness of smartwatch-based interventions in cardiac rehabilitation.

    Effectiveness of Smartwatch Device on Adherence to Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • IMPACT: What problem did the study address? Kinesiophobia is a common but under-recognized barrier to cardiac rehabilitation in post-PCI patients, yet its prevalence and modifiable factors in Chinese populations remain poorly understood.

    Prevalence of Kinesiophobia and Associated Factors Among Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Multicenter Cross‐Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Post-discharge care continuity represents a modifiable factor influencing outcomes in myocardial infarction survivors, yet its multidimensional relationship with treatment adherence and psychological morbidity remains underexplored.

    The Association Between Levels of Post‐Discharge Care Continuity and Long‐Term Treatment Adherence and Anxiety‐Depressive Symptoms in Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The prognostic value of EST to understand health outcomes in the year following an EST after participating in CR is not well understood.

    Assessing the Significance of Electrographically Positive Exercise Stress Tests in Patients Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation · 2026 · DOI

  • However, sex-specific disparities in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation, along with the roles of income and education, have not been thoroughly investigated.

    A Cross-Sectional Examination of Sex-Based Differences in Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System · 2026 · DOI

  • Mobile health cardiac rehabilitation may improve access to care among older adults with ischemic heart disease, but engagement remains poorly understood.

    Engagement With Mobile Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Varies Widely Among Older Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Although depression was considered as a preventable determinant for stroke, its pathway within the specific vulnerable population remains to be clarified.

    Association between depression and stroke in a socially isolated population: Mediating role of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors · 2026 · DOI

  • Wrist-worn wearables may support fully remote or hybrid CR through activity monitoring and individualized feedback, but the effectiveness and consistency of benefits remain uncertain.

    Effectiveness of Wrist-Worn Wearable–Guided Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivered Through Fully Remote or Hybrid Programs in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials · 2026 · DOI

  • However, clear evidence on the effectiveness of these devices in cardiovascular rehabilitation is still lacking.

    Psychometric assessment of a driving simulation task performed using an immersive virtual reality in cardiovascular rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) offers non-pharmacological benefits to reduce hospitalization and mortality, yet its impact on coronary vascular changes remains unclear.

    Effects of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation on Myocardial Perfusion and Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the uptake and relevance of traditional CR after acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has not been extensively investigated.

    Attitudes to and Attendance at Cardiac Rehabilitation After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection · 2025 · DOI

  • Completion of CR varies widely across facilities and is highly facility-dependent, indicating opportunities for quality improvement.

    Facility-Level Variation in Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion · 2026 · DOI

  • Significant heterogeneity limited the robustness of the findings, I² = 90.5%, - The results were influenced by a single study, - Confounding by indication was not adequately…

    Antidepressant use and the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia: A systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Future large observational studies are needed to provide more robust evidence, - Studies that better address confounding by indication and adequately adjust for depression…

    Antidepressant use and the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia: A systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited adjustment for confounding factors constrained causal interpretation, - Cross-sectional surveys frequently lacked justification for sample representativeness, - Qualitative studies consistently demonstrated limited reflexivity and insufficient reporting of researcher…

    Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation among adults with heart failure and nursing-led strategies to improve participation: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies with multiple regimen comparisons will be required to resolve the uncertainty, - Studies examining exercise dose and clinical outcomes in the cardiac rehabilitation setting, - Research on the effects of different exercise durations, frequencies, and intensities on clinical…

    Endurance Training Exercise Dose in Coronary Artery Disease Rehabilitation · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiac Health and Mental Health

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of understanding of the risk factors for kinesiophobia in post-CABG patients (“Analysis of risk factors for kinesiophobia after coronary artery bypass…”, 2026); (2) Kinesiophobia is a common but under-recognized barrier to cardiac rehabilitation in post-PCI patients, yet its prevalence and modifiable factors in Chinese populations remain poorly understood (“Prevalence of Kinesiophobia and Associated Factors Among Patients After…”, 2026); (3) Post-discharge care continuity represents a modifiable factor influencing outcomes in myocardial infarction survivors, yet its multidimensional relationship with treatment adherence and psychological morbidity remains underexplored (“The Association Between Levels of Post‐Discharge Care Continuity and Long‐Term…”, 2026); (4) The prognostic value of EST to understand health outcomes in the year following an EST after participating in CR is not well understood (“Assessing the Significance of Electrographically Positive Exercise Stress Tests…”, 2026); (5) Sex-specific disparities in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation, along with the roles of income and education, have not been thoroughly investigated (“A Cross-Sectional Examination of Sex-Based Differences in Cardiac…”, 2026). 522 gap statements have been mined from Cardiac Health and Mental Health papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,398 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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