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Open research questions in Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies

457 gap statements mined from Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,593 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies? See the ranked Medicine journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • The lack of studies comparing the clinical outcomes of alternative pacing sites in patients with preserved ejection fraction. The need to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of left bundle branch area pacing using standard stylet-driven leads. The importance of determining the independent predictors of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy.

    Comparative clinical outcomes of stylet-driven left bundle branch area pacing versus right ventricular pacing in patients with preserved ejection fraction: A 3-year follow-up study · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to assess for Wenckebach cycle length during atrial pacing. The importance of checking capture thresholds at different pulse widths to ensure adequate pacing.

    Aveir VR for Atrial Leadless Pacing in Young Patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The prevalence and consistency of elevated Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in complete atrioventricular block have not been examined in a cohort. The consequences for the right heart and the pulmonary circulation are far less well characterized.

    Elevated Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in complete atrioventricular block and its response to atrioventricular-synchronous pacing · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited CIED-specific data on infection prevention strategies. Gaps in existing guidelines on CIED infection prevention. The need for a comprehensive review of current evidence on risk factors and preventive strategies for CIED infection.

    Addressing Complications in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guideline to Prevention of CIED Infection · 2025 · DOI

  • The cost-effectiveness of implementing new technologies for remote monitoring of heart failure remains to be established. The study had to consider the differences in performance between the two algorithms, including sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.

    Comparative Diagnostic Efficacy of HeartLogic and TriageHF Algorithms in Remote Monitoring of Heart Failure: A Cohort Study · 2025 · DOI

  • The need for further research to understand the mechanism linking LA function and CRT response.

    Right Ventricular and Left Atrial Strain Predict Volumetric Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the role of CMR-derived strain parameters in predicting CRT response. The need for a comprehensive analysis of CMR parameters to identify predictors of CRT response. The gap in current research on the correlation of right ventricular and left atrial strain with CRT response.

    Right Ventricular and Left Atrial Strain Predict Volumetric Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · 2025 · DOI

  • The need to evaluate the properties of each pacing site to enable true synchronous pacing. The challenge of analyzing T-wave and QT interval properties on a 12-lead ECG to evaluate ventricular repolarization.

    Vectorcardiography in CRT: What We Know and What There Is to Learn · 2025 · DOI

  • The study aims to investigate the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. There is a need to identify factors that can improve outcomes for patients undergoing CRT implantation.

    Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Cardiac Reverse Remodeling in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · 2025 · DOI

  • Retained wire techniques, which leverage preexisting leads to traverse occlusions, represent a practical alternative, but data remain limited.

    Retained Wire Lead Extraction Techniques in Patients With Venous Occlusion · 2026 · DOI

  • However, its mechanism and the comparison of atrial reverse remodeling effect between left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) has not been elucidated.

    Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Improves Atrial Function and Reverses Atrial Remodeling in Dyssynchrony Heart Failure Model · 2026 · DOI

  • Although ECG criteria for LBBB in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are well established, these criteria have not been clarified for patients with RV pacing.

    Association of Electrocardiographic Parameters with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block and Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers · 2026 · DOI

  • With evolving therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the benefits of adding a defibrillator in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remain unclear, particularly for nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).

    Cardiac Resynchronization With or Without Defibrillator in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Nationwide Cohort Study (DECIDE-CRT) · 2026 · DOI

  • Randomized studies comparing conduction system pacing (CSP) with biventricular pacing (BiVP) are scarce and do not include clinical outcomes.

    Clinical Response to Resynchronization Therapy · 2025 · DOI

  • The relationship between left ventricular (LV) mechanical efficiency and various modalities of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is not well understood.

    Left Ventricular Mechanical Insights Into Left Bundle Branch Pacing and Left Ventricular Septal Pacing · 2025 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, long-term data from large cohorts of BrS patients with S-ICDs are lacking.

    Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Brugada Syndrome · 2025 · DOI

  • However, data on the best timing for CRT implantation after the achievement of stable medical therapy (SMT) and its association with outcomes are currently lacking.

    Timing of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Following Stable Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure · 2025 · DOI

  • To date, data about CSP prevention of left ventricle dysfunction in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are scarce and limited mostly to nonrandomized studies.

    Conduction System Stimulation to Avoid Left Ventricle Dysfunction · 2024 · DOI

  • The effect of left ventricular septal myocardial pacing (LVSP) and left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) on ventricular synchrony and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic status is poorly understood.

    LVSP and LBBP Result in Similar or Improved LV Synchrony and Hemodynamics Compared to BVP · 2024 · DOI

  • Several predictors of response to CRT have been identified, but the role of the underlying genetic background is still poorly explored.

    Impact of DCM-Causing Genetic Background on Long-Term Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · 2024 · DOI

  • Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment option, the effect of CRT in this population is still not well defined.

    Long-Term Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Multicenter Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Investigate the direct effect of restoration of atrioventricular synchrony on pulmonary artery pressure, - study the phenomenon in a larger population, - explore the mechanisms underlying the elevated Doppler-estimated right-sided pressure phenotype in complete atrioventricular…

    Elevated Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in complete atrioventricular block and its response to atrioventricular-synchronous pacing · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited CIED-specific data, - evidence from related surgical fields was considered, - expert consensus was used to guide…

    Addressing Complications in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guideline to Prevention of CIED Infection · 2025 · DOI

  • The ability to restore proximal conduction disturbances rather than distal or diffuse conduction disturbances is restricted - QRS duration does not provide information about the underlying electrical mechanism - Right ventricular activation delay may cause just as much QRS duration prolongation - The evaluation of the properties of each site to enable true synchronous pacing has been…

    Vectorcardiography in CRT: What We Know and What There Is to Learn · 2025 · DOI

  • Larger, randomized controlled trials to validate the findings, - investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac…

    Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Cardiac Reverse Remodeling in Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of studies comparing the clinical outcomes of alternative pacing sites in patients with preserved ejection fraction (“Comparative clinical outcomes of stylet-driven left bundle branch area pacing…”, 2026); (2) The prevalence and consistency of elevated Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in complete atrioventricular block have not been examined in a cohort (“Elevated Doppler-estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in complete…”, 2026); (3) Retained wire techniques, which leverage preexisting leads to traverse occlusions, represent a practical alternative, but data remain limited (“Retained Wire Lead Extraction Techniques in Patients With Venous Occlusion”, 2026); (4) Its mechanism and the comparison of atrial reverse remodeling effect between left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) has not been elucidated (“Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Improves Atrial Function and Reverses Atrial…”, 2026); (5) The cost-effectiveness of implementing new technologies for remote monitoring of heart failure remains to be established (“Comparative Diagnostic Efficacy of HeartLogic and TriageHF Algorithms in Remote…”, 2025). 457 gap statements have been mined from Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,593 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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