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Open research questions in Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

211 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 510 Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and premature MI in different populations. Research on the mechanisms underlying the association between the TyG index and premature MI is warranted. Studies examining the potential of the TyG index as a screening tool for premature MI are needed

    Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index with Premature Myocardial Infarction in a Propensity Score-Matched Non-Diabetic Population · 2026 · DOI

  • Evidence regarding the triglyceride–glucose index and premature myocardial infarction in non-diabetic adults remains limited. Prior studies have not fully explored the relationship between the TyG index and premature MI in a non-diabetic population.

    Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index with Premature Myocardial Infarction in a Propensity Score-Matched Non-Diabetic Population · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigation of the exact mechanism underlying the relationship between TyG index and cardiovascular disease. Long-term effects of TyG index on clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI. The relationship between TyG index and other cardiovascular risk factors.

    The triglyceride-glucose index is associated with coronary plaque features and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction · 2025 · DOI

  • The precise regulatory mechanisms underlying exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy remain incompletely elucidated. There is a need for further investigation into the health effects of exercise on physiological cardiac hypertrophy. The current understanding of physiological cardiac hypertrophy is limited.

    Regulatory mechanisms of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy: progress and prospects · 2025 · DOI

  • The presence of severe tricuspid regurgitation, which may develop isolated right-sided fluid accumulation and normal pulmonary artery systolic pressures despite clinical fluid overload. The difficulty in estimating right atrial pressure from IVC size and collapsibility in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation. The need to adjust for confounders in the analysis.

    Systolic pulmonary artery pressure threshold to define pulmonary and peripheral congestion in acute heart failure in absence of severe tricuspid regurgitation · 2025 · DOI

  • further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between physical activity duration and cardiac structure and function, - research should focus on validating the assessment of physical activity duration and its association with cardiac outcomes, - studies should explore the mechanisms underlying the observed associations between physical activity duration and cardiac structure and function

    Association Between Self-Reported Weekly Physical Activity Duration and Echocardiographic Cardiac Structure and Function in Adults Aged ≥ 45 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • While GLS values remain within physiological ranges for pregnancy, the shift toward lower values suggests cumulative haemodynamic effects that warrant further investigation.

    Association Between Parity and Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the relationship between parity and subclinical myocardial dysfunction in healthy women remains unclear.

    Association Between Parity and Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking (FT) enable the assessment of left atrial (LA) deformation, but the long-term prognostic value of LA strain parameters in this high-risk population remains unclear.

    CMR feature-tracking derived left atrial late diastolic strain rate is associated with long-term outcomes in non-ischemic heart failure patients with severely reduced LVEF · 2026 · DOI

  • However, it remains unclear whether eRAP can serve as a predictor of all-cause mortality in HF, and whether it can provide prognostic information beyond the scope of existing clinical risk assessments.

    Prognostic value of echocardiography-estimated right atrial pressure beyond the MAGGIC risk score in heart failure patients · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the specific impact of TyG index on coronary plaque vulnerability and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been fully investigated.

    The triglyceride-glucose index is associated with coronary plaque features and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction · 2025 · DOI

  • Although substantial progress has been made in recent years, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying this adaptive remodeling remain incompletely elucidated and warrant further investigation.

    Regulatory mechanisms of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy: progress and prospects · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) thresholds at which pulmonary (chest x-ray) and inferior vena cava (IVC) congestion occur are not well established.

    Systolic pulmonary artery pressure threshold to define pulmonary and peripheral congestion in acute heart failure in absence of severe tricuspid regurgitation · 2025 · DOI

  • Background The prognostic significance of changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) in patients with myocardial infarction remains unclear.

    Prognostic impact of changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion score index in patients with myocardial infarction · 2025 · DOI

  • However, studies examining sex-based differences in MW during exercise stress echocardiography (SE) in healthy individuals are scarce.

    Characteristics of myocardial work during exercise stress echocardiography in healthy adults · 2025 · DOI

  • Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective bariatric surgery, but its effect on cardiac functions remains unclear.

    Effects of weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy on left ventricular myocardial work in obese patients · 2025 · DOI

  • Background Literature on the association between high body mass index (BMI) and cardiac conduction defects (CCD) is scarce.

    Association between obesity and cardiac conduction defects · 2025 · DOI

  • Conclusions Higher BMI levels are associated with an increased risk of CCD, which is probably triggered by AVB, and the association is stronger in men, the elderly, and those with diabetes; further research is needed to examine whether weight management in obesity will be accompanied by a reduction in the risk of CCD.

    Association between obesity and cardiac conduction defects · 2025 · DOI

  • Background To date, only limited data are available on right atrium (RA) morphofunctional remodeling in Fabry disease (FD).

    Right atrial strain in Anderson–Fabry disease · 2025 · DOI

  • Aims The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains inadequately explored.

    A positive linear correlation between the triglyceride-glucose index and in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary heart disease · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the expected benefits of the combined use of these agents with long-term administration are not well defined.

    Lifetime benefits of comprehensive medical therapy in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction · 2025 · DOI

  • Although CD36, a fatty acid transporter, regulates systemic insulin sensitivity, its role in myocardial insulin resistance under pressure overload remains unclear.

    CD36 attenuates pressure overload-induced myocardial insulin resistance via HSF1-dependent HSP90α suppression and competitive disruption of the HSP90α-InsR complex · 2025 · DOI

  • However, its prognostic relevance in robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) remains unclear.

    Impact of preoperative diastolic dysfunction on short-term outcomes following robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) · 2025 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, the relationship between METS-IR and heart failure remains uncertain.

    Association between METS-IR and heart failure: a cross-sectional study · 2024 · DOI

  • Although it is still lacking an exact definition as it combines aspects of both pathologies - T2DM and heart failure, more evidence comes forward that declares DCM as one complex disease that should be treated separately.

    Update on clinical and experimental management of diabetic cardiomyopathy: addressing current and future therapy · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

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211 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 510 Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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