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Open research questions in Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

358 gap statements mined from Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,572 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • One challenge is the complexity of measuring microvascular function in skeletal muscle. Another challenge is the need to control for confounding variables, such as physical activity and medication use. The study also had to account for the potential influence of uncontrolled hypertension-related chronic diseases.

    Muscle microvascular reactivity and its associations with arterial stiffness and aortic pressures in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity and hypertension · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a system capable of simultaneously replicating both low oscillatory and high pulsatile wall shear stress waveforms. The need for a novel methodology to design microfluidic systems that mimic complex hemodynamic microenvironments. The limitation of existing parallel-plate flow chamber systems in simulating the complex hemodynamic conditions at the carotid bifurcation.

    A Variable Cross-Section Microfluidic Channel for Simultaneous Reproduction of Low Oscillatory and Pulsatile Wall Shear Stress at the Carotid Bifurcation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Study · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a need for early identification and intervention in endothelial dysfunction in adolescent hypertension. Current diagnostic tools and methods may not be sufficient to detect endothelial dysfunction in asymptomatic hypertensive adolescents. There is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive youth.

    Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescent Hypertension: Diagnostic Challenges and Early Cardiovascular Risk · 2025 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need to understand the association between different metabolic syndrome component clusters and arterial stiffness. There is a gap in the current literature regarding the specific metabolic syndrome combinations that are significantly associated with cardiovascular events.

    Metabolic Syndrome Clusters and Arterial Stiffness: Unraveling Early Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in a Follow-Up Study · 2025 · DOI

  • The relationship between arterial stiffness parameters and orthostatic hypotension in patients with diabetes mellitus is not well understood. There is a need to investigate the factors associated with orthostatic hypotension in patients with diabetes mellitus.

    Orthostatic hypotension as a marker of increased arterial stiffness in diabetes mellitus · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the effect of weight loss on cardiovascular function, especially arterial stiffness, is still not well understood.

    Arterial Stiffness in Male Collegiate Judo Athletes Following Rapid Weight Loss and the Influence of Hydration Status: A Repeated-Measures Observational Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Aerobic exercise training (AET) has the potential to improve deconditioned cerebrovascular status in post-stroke patients, but its utility remains underexplored.

    Exercise Effect on Cerebral Artery Hemodynamic and Morphology in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Trial · 2026 · DOI

  • While structural enlargement of the CB may reflect chronic autonomic dysregulation, its association with early markers of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) remains insufficiently characterized.

    Association of carotid body size with left atrial strain and peripheral hemodynamics in patients with hypertension: An exploratory study · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the underlying mechanism linking height loss to cardiovascular disease remains unclear.

    Mechanisms underlying height loss-related cardiovascular risk: a narrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • Although exercise improves vascular health, its optimal intensity and effects on these stiffness components remain unclear in older adults.

    Intensity matters: vigorous activity is associated with lower pressure-independent arterial stiffness in the UK Biobank · 2026 · DOI

  • Carotid artery stiffness has been associated with cognitive performance; however, the association among men with HIV (MWH) remains unclear.

    Carotid artery stiffness and cognitive performance among men living with and without HIV · 2026 · DOI

  • Several anthropometric indices reflecting cardiometabolic risks have been developed, but the relationship of body composition with arterial stiffness remains unclear.

    Age-Related Arterial Stiffening Is Associated with a Body Shape Index and Lean Body Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Healthy Japanese Population · 2025 · DOI

  • The AOC3 gene that encodes VAP-1 is mainly expressed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but AOC3 expression in adipose tissue and vascular implications remain unclear.

    Association of AOC3 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue and Circulating Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 with Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Japanese Patients with Severe Obesity · 2025 · DOI

  • The link between arterial stiffness and physical activity remains unknown in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

    Arterial Stiffness and Physical Activity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction · 2025 · DOI

  • The relative contribution of common carotid artery (CCA) intimal medial thickness (IMT), carotid bifurcation plaque presence, and its burden in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a primary prevention clinical cohort remain unclear.

    Effect of Detection of Subclinical Atherosclerosis on Carotid Ultrasound on Cardiovascular Events in a Primary Prevention Clinical Setting · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the effects of TC on endothelial function in CAD patients compared to aerobic exercise (AE) remain understudied.

    Tai Chi as a mind-body exercise modulates endothelial function in coronary artery disease: A randomized clinical trial · 2025 · DOI

  • While the link between shift work and heightened cardiovascular risk is established, the intricate genesis of early cardiovascular outcomes in shift workers remains incompletely understood.

    Association Between Augmentation Index and Total Sleep Time in Night Shift Workers · 2024 · DOI

  • Validations in varied populations and explorations of underlying mechanisms are warranted.

    Heterogeneity of aging and mortality risk among individuals with hypertension: Insights from phenotypic age and phenotypic age acceleration · 2024 · DOI

  • Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its key enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are known to play roles in cardiovascular diseases, their effects on arterial stiffness are not well understood.

    Cystathionine γ-Lyase Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence via Foxm1-Gas1 Pathway to Mediate Arterial Stiffness · 2024 · DOI

  • To our knowledge, limited data are available regarding the relationship between EASIX, arterial stiffness, and nocturnal blood pressure patterns in newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients.

    EASIX and Arterial stiffness in relation to nocturnal blood pressure patterns in newly diagnosed hypertension · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to examine the impact of obesity on muscle microvascular reactivity in different populations - The relationship between TSI base and muscle mass should be further investigated - The effects of regular exercise on vascular function in PMW-HTN should be…

    Muscle microvascular reactivity and its associations with arterial stiffness and aortic pressures in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity and hypertension · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the genetic mechanisms of arterial stiffness in different demographic subgroups, - Examining the relationship between genetic determinants of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease…

    Polygenic Determinants of Arterial Stiffness: Implications for Hypertension · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies on the interplay between distinct WSS patterns and endothelial dysfunction, - Research into the mechanobiological mechanisms of arterial endothelial dysfunction induced by abnormal hemodynamic…

    A Variable Cross-Section Microfluidic Channel for Simultaneous Reproduction of Low Oscillatory and Pulsatile Wall Shear Stress at the Carotid Bifurcation: A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Study · 2025 · DOI

  • Further validation is required to conclude that a WCH patient's endothelial function is normal - Studies are needed to analyze the time-course of the hyperemic…

    Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescent Hypertension: Diagnostic Challenges and Early Cardiovascular Risk · 2025 · DOI

  • The study had a single specialized healthcare institution as the source of patients, - The need to obtain informed patient consent was waived, - The study did not report any limitations on the generalizability…

    Metabolic Syndrome Clusters and Arterial Stiffness: Unraveling Early Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk in a Follow-Up Study · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The relationship between arterial stiffness parameters and orthostatic hypotension in patients with diabetes mellitus is not well understood (“Orthostatic hypotension as a marker of increased arterial stiffness in diabetes…”, 2026); (2) The effect of weight loss on cardiovascular function, especially arterial stiffness, is still not well understood (“Arterial Stiffness in Male Collegiate Judo Athletes Following Rapid Weight Loss…”, 2026); (3) Aerobic exercise training (AET) has the potential to improve deconditioned cerebrovascular status in post-stroke patients, but its utility remains underexplored (“Exercise Effect on Cerebral Artery Hemodynamic and Morphology in Stroke…”, 2026); (4) While structural enlargement of the CB may reflect chronic autonomic dysregulation, its association with early markers of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) remains insufficiently characterized (“Association of carotid body size with left atrial strain and peripheral…”, 2026); (5) The underlying mechanism linking height loss to cardiovascular disease remains unclear (“Mechanisms underlying height loss-related cardiovascular risk: a narrative…”, 2026). 358 gap statements have been mined from Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,572 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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