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Open research questions in Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

305 gap statements mined from Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,633 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Despite ongoing policy reforms and improvements in healthcare infrastructure, premature ASCVD remains underrecognized and insufficiently addressed.

    Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the MENA region: economic impact, barriers to care, and policy recommendations for an escalating crisis · 2026 · DOI

  • China's rapid aging has exposed gaps in understanding life-course modifiable mortality risk factors, especially in the oldest-old.

    Modifiable risk factors for mortality across life course: a pooled population-based cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is known to have a negative correlation with biological aging, while the relationship between the Life's Crucial 9 (LC9) score, which includes mental health, and biological aging remains to be further investigated.

    Oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the association between Life's Crucial 9 and biological ageing: A secondary analysis of two observational studies · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the associations between changes in LE8 score over time and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

    Changes in Life’s Essential 8 and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese people · 2024 · DOI

  • The lack of integration of lifestyle medicine into the existing conventional medical system. The need for substantial efforts in medical education reform to equip healthcare professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary for effective lifestyle counseling and prescription.

    Lifestyle Medicine in China: The Fuwai Hospital Lifestyle Medicine Initiative · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on developing culturally-friendly preventive measures, particularly for South Asian populations. Future research should investigate the complex effect of pre-existing comorbidities on mortality rates and incidence of ICU admission. Future research should explore the regional disparities in mortality relative to CVD in Asian populations.

    Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Outcomes Among Asian Communities Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faced challenges in terms of the cross-sectional design, which limits the ability to establish causality. The study's findings may be limited by the use of self-reported data. The study's results may not be generalizable to other populations or settings.

    Life’s Essential 8 and Suicide Risk: A Population-Level Study of Cardiovascular Health as a Mental Health Indicator · 2026 · DOI

  • The association between cardiovascular health and mental health remains underexplored. Previous research has primarily focused on symptomatology, with limited direct analysis of behavioral outcomes.

    Life’s Essential 8 and Suicide Risk: A Population-Level Study of Cardiovascular Health as a Mental Health Indicator · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness about CVD as the leading cause of death in women. Prior studies have not adequately addressed the issue of public awareness of CVD in women.

    Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease as the Primary Cause of Mortality in Women: Insights from a Survey of 7,920 Individuals · 2026 · DOI

  • Certain limitations must be acknowledged. The questionnaire, although developed by an expert cardiologist with experience in epidemiology and survey methodology, was not subjected to formal validation in an independent population. While it was reviewed for face validity and pilot-tested, the absence of full psychometric validation may affect interpretability and limit its generalizability.

    Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease as the Primary Cause of Mortality in Women: Insights from a Survey of 7,920 Individuals · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for comprehensive preventive strategies against CVDs in countries with low and low-middle socio-demographic index. The lack of a localized scoring system for estimating ASCVD risk in Vietnamese adults.

    Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and associated factors in community-dwelling adults: a cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study sample was shaped by both the initial inclusion criteria and substantial attrition during follow-up. The Framingham Risk Score and FINDRISK intrinsically increase with age, even if all other risk factors remain unchanged.

    Examination of Self-Rated Health, Psychological Well-Being and Cardiovascular Health Risks : 10-Year Follow-Up of the Budakalász Epidemiological Study in Hungary · 2026 · DOI

  • Self-rated health (SRH) predicts morbidity and mortality; however, its long-term trajectories and associations with psychological wellbeing (PWB), health behaviors, and cardiovascular risk remain understudied in Central and Eastern Europe.

    Examination of Self-Rated Health, Psychological Well-Being and Cardiovascular Health Risks : 10-Year Follow-Up of the Budakalász Epidemiological Study in Hungary · 2026 · DOI

  • The desire of people with CHD to increase PA or receive GP advice on PA is unclear. The associations between these desires and person characteristics are unknown.

    Do People With Coronary Heart Disease Desire More Physical Activity and Advice From Their General Practitioners in This Regard? A German Cross-Sectional Population Survey (OptiCor Study) · 2026 · DOI

  • The long-term effects of workplace health assessments on chronic disease risk remain largely unexplored. There is a need to investigate the association between participation in workplace health assessments and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

    Workplace Health Assessments and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk: A Propensity Score-Matched Emulated Target Trial in 2,091,425 Swedish Workers · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are warranted to explore the individualized approaches according to genetic risk in subgroups by broad age categories and cancer types for effective prevention of CAD, and in newly diagnosed cancer patients for whom adverse CVD events might be minimized by appropriate modification of CVD-related risk factors.

    Associations of genetic and non-genetic cardiovascular health metrics with coronary artery disease incidence in cancer survivors · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should evaluate the cost-effectiveness and long-term clinical impact of SCORE2-guided prevention strategies in working populations. Longitudinal follow-up studies evaluating incident cardiovascular events are required to clarify the clinical implications of the observed discordance.

    Clinically Relevant Discordance Between SCORE2 and REGICOR in Spanish Workers: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Reclassification in Primary Prevention · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hypertension among 18-year-olds and its association with gender.

    Nationwide survey reveals gender disparities in cardiovascular awareness and lifestyle behaviors among polish adolescents aged 18 years · 2026 · DOI

  • There is limited evidence on the interaction between genetic and modifiable risk factors for stroke prevention. Prior studies have not investigated the influence of modifiable risk factors across polygenic risk score levels.

    Polygenic Risk Score Stratification Guides Prioritization of Modifiable Risk Factors for Stroke Prevention · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies are warranted to validate these findings in other populations, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking SPISE to CMM and stroke, and to evaluate whether SPISE-guided interventions can improve long-term cardiometabolic outcomes.

    The association of SPISE with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and stroke in middle-aged and older adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Food environments have been linked to cardiovascular diseases; however, few studies have assessed the relationship between food environments and the risk of heart failure (HF).

    Ready-to-Eat Food Environments and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Premature ASCVD represents an underrecognized and growing challenge in the MENA region.

    Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the MENA region: economic impact, barriers to care, and policy recommendations for an escalating crisis · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of digital technologies and artificial intelligence to promote health across all demographics. The integration of lifestyle medicine into the existing conventional medical system.

    Lifestyle Medicine in China: The Fuwai Hospital Lifestyle Medicine Initiative · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease risks and outcomes in Asian populations. The study highlights the limitations of conventional cardiovascular risk assessment models in Asian populations.

    Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Outcomes Among Asian Communities Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a need for further discussion on several aspects of RHD in Pakistan and other middle-income Asian…

    Rheumatic Heart Disease in Middle-income Countries: Pakistan and Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of integration of lifestyle medicine into the existing conventional medical system (“Lifestyle Medicine in China: The Fuwai Hospital Lifestyle Medicine Initiative”, 2026); (2) Future research should focus on developing culturally-friendly preventive measures, particularly for South Asian populations (“Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Outcomes Among Asian Communities…”, 2026); (3) The association between cardiovascular health and mental health remains underexplored (“Life’s Essential 8 and Suicide Risk: A Population-Level Study of Cardiovascular…”, 2026); (4) There is a lack of awareness about CVD as the leading cause of death in women (“Awareness of Cardiovascular Disease as the Primary Cause of Mortality in Women:…”, 2026); (5) The lack of a localized scoring system for estimating ASCVD risk in Vietnamese adults (“Ten-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and associated factors in…”, 2026). 305 gap statements have been mined from Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,633 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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