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Open research questions in Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

658 gap statements mined from Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,849 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Another limitation of this study was that we tested only one set of weighting factors. A limitation was the lack of data on fibre and content of FVL among the products in the database, which may have introduced classification bias.

    Exploring an energy-density adjustment to the Nutri-Score algorithm for general foods · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on establishing causal evidence through high-quality prospective studies and intervention trials, systematically comparing the differential effects of specific UPF subgroups and individual food additives, and developing mechanism-based targeted dietary intervention strategies, with the overarching goal of providing a scientific foundation for reducing the global burden of CMDs.

    Global research landscape and emerging frontiers of ultra-processed food intake and cardiometabolic health: a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis (2015–2025) · 2026 · DOI

  • Previous studies investigating the association between overall UPF intake and cognitive function and decline have yielded inconsistent results, despite all using the NOVA classification system similar to the present study.

    Ultra-processed food intake and cognitive decline in older adults · 2026 · DOI

  • Significant efforts are still needed to overcome the barriers that countries face in regulating food marketing. Building on current regulatory efforts, urgent advances are needed to regulate not only the use of food additives but also the maximum permitted quantities per serving, as well as the transparent display of these amounts on nutrition labels.

    Ultraprocessed Food and Risk of Cancer: Mechanistic Pathways and Public Health Implications · 2025 · DOI

  • Although the precise mechanisms through which UPF consumption might affect adolescents’ academic performance are not yet fully understood, several potential explanations could account for these observed relationships. However, caution is warranted when extrapolating findings from animal research to humans.

    Investigating the Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Academic Performance in the Adolescent Population: The EHDLA Study · 2025 · DOI

  • Given the global rise in UPF consumption, future studies should focus on well-controlled longitudinal research and intervention trials to determine whether reducing UPF intake could serve as a modifiable strategy to protect bone health and joint integrity.

    Ultra-Processed Food and Its Impact on Bone Health and Joint Diseases: A Scoping Review · 2025 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to clarify how inflammation and nutrient imbalances mediate these effects on bone remodeling. These findings highlight an important gap in the literature and the need for more robust, high-quality studies to explore the impact of UPF on musculoskeletal diseases, particularly in the context of inflammatory arthritis and OA progression.

    Ultra-Processed Food and Its Impact on Bone Health and Joint Diseases: A Scoping Review · 2025 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, several possibilities need to be investigated: Is it due to lenient review standards, lack of enforcement post-registration, resource limitations, or other factors? It is up to competent authorities (in Serbian settings, the Ministry of Health) to explore the reasons and ensure an adequate solution to the problem.

    Landscape of Herbal Food Supplements: Where Do We Stand with Health Claims? · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research could explore the long-term effects of information provision, the influence of specific product attributes on WTP, and the impact of different communication channels on consumer perceptions. While this study provides important insights, it is limited by the sample size, which may only partially represent the broader population.

    From Claims to Choices: How Health Information Shapes Consumer Decisions in the Functional Food Market · 2025 · DOI

  • Balancing sustainability with affordability and profitability remains a challenge for manufacturers. The use of aggressive marketing, including digital advertising and celebrity endorsements, influences consumer trust and willingness to purchase ultra-processed foods.

    Consumer Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Ultra-Processed Foods · 2025 · DOI

  • As an exploratory finding, after adjusting the main analysis by sex, a lower decrease in leptin levels after the UPF meal was found, which warrants further investigation.

    A Meal with Ultra-Processed Foods Leads to a Faster Rate of Intake and to a Lesser Decrease in the Capacity to Eat When Compared to a Similar, Matched Meal Without Ultra-Processed Foods · 2024 · DOI

  • A limitation of this study was that although we included a large representative dataset in the analysis, we did not have access to sales data for each product, and so it is not known whether consumers are purchasing more products that do not meet the requirements of the NPPM.

    An Evaluation of the Nutritional and Promotional Profile of Commercial Foods for Infants and Toddlers in the United States · 2024 · DOI

  • Whether the avoidance of ultra-processed foods applies equally to all ultra-processed foods is uncertain. The individual effects of ultra-processed food subgroups on cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes are not well understood.

    Associations of Ultra-Processed Food Intake with the Incidence of Cardiometabolic and Mental Health Outcomes Go Beyond Specific Subgroups—The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health · 2024 · DOI

  • The study notes that challenges remain regarding micronutrient content, such as iron, calcium, and vitamin B12. The study finds that many products with Nutri-Score label B do not meet the criteria for protein content set by Dutch dietary guidelines. The study highlights the need for further research on the updated Nutri-Score algorithm and its alignment with dietary guidelines.

    Nutri-Score of Meat, Fish, and Dairy Alternatives: A Comparison between the Old and New Algorithm · 2024 · DOI

  • The old Nutri-Score algorithm has been criticized for discrepancies with dietary recommendations. There is a lack of studies on the effect of the updated Nutri-Score algorithm on plant-based meat, fish, and dairy alternatives. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the effect of the new algorithm.

    Nutri-Score of Meat, Fish, and Dairy Alternatives: A Comparison between the Old and New Algorithm · 2024 · DOI

  • The lack of a valid, reproducible, population-specific, and up-to-date tool for the evaluation of ultra-processed food consumption. The limitations of current methods for assessing ultra-processed food consumption. The need for a new way of thinking about food classification, based on food processing rather than nutrient content.

    The Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Assessment of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in the Italian Adult Population: Protocol for a Validity and Reproducibility Study · 2024 · DOI

  • The gap the paper identifies is the need for interventions targeting dietary patterns to reduce the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases associated with UPF consumption.

    Ultra-Processed Food Consumption as a Risk Factor for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Other Causes of Mortality in Southern Italy: A Competing Risk Approach · 2024 · DOI

  • It highlights the need for nutrition labeling to be mandatory and effective in promoting healthier dietary choices.

    Brazilian Front-of-Package Labeling: A Product Compliance Analysis 12 Months after Implementation of Regulations · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the trends in consumption of ultra-processed foods among adults in southern China. Prior studies have focused on the association between ultra-processed foods and chronic diseases, but few have investigated the trends in consumption over time.

    Trends in Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Among Adults in Southern China: Analysis of Serial Cross-Sectional Health Survey Data 2002–2022 · 2024 · DOI

  • Consumers' inconvenience and loss aversion are significant barriers to the acceptance of novel foods. Disgust is one of the primary factors that can hinder the acceptance of novel food. The study identifies the need to consider consumer expectations, potential barriers, and drivers in the early stages of novel food development.

    Consumer Response to Novel Foods: A Review of Behavioral Barriers and Drivers · 2024 · DOI

  • Reported prevalences of nutraceuticals use in adult populations vary widely across countries: frequent use has been documented among Greek adults, with variability depending on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, whereas a Polish survey reported that 10% of the population consumed food supplements, and high rates have been consistently observed among US adults.

    Nutraceuticals or Food Supplements? Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Adults in Southern Italy · 2026 · DOI

  • Classification sensitivity was small, supporting the stability of the national estimate. The complementary PCA indicates that broader expenditure covariation contains a dimension dominated by food services and non-alcoholic beverages, but the principal inference remains the survey-weighted NOVA analysis.

    Industrial processing of Ecuadorian household food acquisitions according to NOVA, socioeconomic status and territory · 2026 · DOI

  • We lacked data regarding the physical activity of the participants, and the only proxy available for assessing physical activity was their job classification. The FFQs used at baseline were not designed to distinguish between NOVA groups and could lead to random misclassification and weakening of our association estimates.

    Ultra-Processed Food Consumption as a Risk Factor for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Other Causes of Mortality in Southern Italy: A Competing Risk Approach · 2024 · DOI

  • Building on the limitations outlined above, future research should examine whether sensorimotor simulation patterns differ across age groups and gender in healthy individuals, 1 3Psychological Research (2026)…

    Caloric content and industrial processing modulate the mental simulation of food concepts · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the relationship between UPF intake and sperm quality in different populations, - Examine the effects of UPF consumption on male fertility and sperm health over time, - Explore the potential mechanisms by which UPFs affect sperm…

    Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and Semen Quality in Healthy Young Men Living in Italy · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Significant efforts are still needed to overcome the barriers that countries face in regulating food marketing (“Ultraprocessed Food and Risk of Cancer: Mechanistic Pathways and Public Health…”, 2025); (2) Although the precise mechanisms through which UPF consumption might affect adolescents’ academic performance are not yet fully understood, several potential explanations could account for these observed relationships (“Investigating the Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and…”, 2025); (3) Further research is needed to clarify how inflammation and nutrient imbalances mediate these effects on bone remodeling (“Ultra-Processed Food and Its Impact on Bone Health and Joint Diseases: A…”, 2025); (4) Future research could explore the long-term effects of information provision, the influence of specific product attributes on WTP, and the impact of different communication channels on consumer perceptions (“From Claims to Choices: How Health Information Shapes Consumer Decisions in the…”, 2025); (5) The individual effects of ultra-processed food subgroups on cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes are not well understood (“Associations of Ultra-Processed Food Intake with the Incidence of…”, 2024). 658 gap statements have been mined from Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,849 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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