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Open research questions in Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments

94 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 858 Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • However, data on use of 3D printed helmets in treatment of metopic craniosynostosis is lacking.

    Customized 3D printed helmet in the treatment of metopic craniosynostosis in a 7-month-old infant, a case report · 2025 · DOI

  • Little is known about the origins and correlations of non-metric traits. The study aims to fill this gap by assessing the correlation among 21 non-metric traits of the cranium.

    Non-metric traits of the cranium: are they related one with each other? A novel approach to skeletal variants · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of consistent evidence linking surgery to improved long-term neurocognitive outcomes. The uncertainty regarding the optimal management of non-syndromic, single-suture sagittal craniosynostosis. The need for further research to determine the optimal treatment indications.

    Surgery for isolated sagittal synostosis: a neuro-developmental necessity or an isolated cosmetic challenge? Mini-survey and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • The prevalence of motor delay in children with CS is not well established. Previous studies have reported heterogeneous findings on motor outcomes in children with CS.

    Prevalence of motor development delay in children with craniosynostosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and temporal trends of DP and DB in Finland. Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings on the prevalence of DP and DB.

    Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Deformational Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly in Finland: A Population-Based Register Study · 2026 · DOI

  • This case expands the demonstrated versatility of MCDO and suggests triple-vector constructs may be feasible for syndromic or pan-synostosis cases where conventional unidirectional or bidirectional vector approaches are insufficient.

    Triple-Vector Distraction Osteogenesis For Multi-suture Sagittal Craniosynostosis In A Child With Goldenhar Syndrome · 2026 · DOI

  • The study used a mouse model, which may not fully represent the human condition. The scaffold's long-term efficacy and safety need to be further evaluated. The study did not investigate the potential risks and complications associated with the use of the scaffold.

    A tissue engineering approach to regenerate the cranial suture skeletal stem cell niche with a multicompartment biomaterial scaffold · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the use of multicompartment scaffolds to treat craniosynostosis. Traditional treatments for craniosynostosis have limitations and risks. There is a need for a new approach to treat craniosynostosis, such as a tissue engineering strategy.

    A tissue engineering approach to regenerate the cranial suture skeletal stem cell niche with a multicompartment biomaterial scaffold · 2026 · DOI

  • Deformational plagiocephaly is a common craniofacial asymmetry in infants, which may lead to motor delays, postural asymmetries, and neurodevelopmental issues. The condition is often regarded primarily as a cosmetic concern, but it has significant functional sequelae. There is a need for high-quality multicentre RCTs to confirm the findings on the effectiveness and safety of OMT.

    Osteopathic treatment of non-synostotic plagiocephaly in infants – a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • Due to heterogeneity, small samples, and limited long-term data, high-quality multicentre RCTs are required to confirm the findings. The review includes only six clinical studies, which may not be representative of all infants with non-synostotic positional plagiocephaly.

    Osteopathic treatment of non-synostotic plagiocephaly in infants – a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study did not perform a sample size calculation due to the lack of similar studies in the literature. The study used a specific collimation geometry and may not be generalizable to other geometries. The study relied on virtual collimation of non-collimated images, which may not perfectly replicate real-world conditions.

    Impact of cranial collimation on cephalometric landmark visibility · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the impact of different collimation geometries on landmark masking. Developing more effective and safe orthodontic treatment planning protocols. Examining the relationship between landmark masking and treatment outcomes.

    Impact of cranial collimation on cephalometric landmark visibility · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited access to specialised paediatric healthcare in Uganda. Difficulty in diagnosing and managing cranial abnormalities early. Need for accurate and reliable methods for measuring cranial indices.

    Cranial normality indices in Ugandan infants based on smartphone photogrammetry: key parameters for the study of cranial deformation · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of reference values for cranial indices in Ugandan infants. The current methods for diagnosing and managing cranial abnormalities in Uganda are limited.

    Cranial normality indices in Ugandan infants based on smartphone photogrammetry: key parameters for the study of cranial deformation · 2026 · DOI

  • Difficulty with laryngoscopic exposure in infants with PRS. Limited procedural space during anesthesia. Risk of periinduction complications, including hypoxemia and failed intubation.

    Machine learning-based prediction of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with Pierre Robin sequence using quantitative 3D computed tomography parameters · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for improved preoperative airway assessment in infants with PRS. The lack of objective and precise methods for predicting difficult laryngoscopic exposure.

    Machine learning-based prediction of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with Pierre Robin sequence using quantitative 3D computed tomography parameters · 2026 · DOI

  • The complexity of the analogue workflow for conventional palato-lingual plates. The risk of irritation and complications associated with traditional palato-lingual plates. The need for more adaptive therapeutic appliances that eliminate the need for extraoral fixation wires.

    Digital workflow and 3D printing of palato-lingual plates for robin sequence: current concepts and future directions · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of more advanced digital workflows that incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence. The investigation of new materials and technologies for the creation of palato-lingual plates. The evaluation of the long-term efficacy and safety of digital workflow and 3D printing for palato-lingual plates.

    Digital workflow and 3D printing of palato-lingual plates for robin sequence: current concepts and future directions · 2026 · DOI

  • The review is limited by the quality of the included studies, with many studies having small sample sizes and limited generalizability. The review is also limited by the heterogeneity of the included studies, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. The review highlights the need for further research to fully understand the genetic and environmental factors associated with sagittal synostosis.

    Genetics versus environment in the pathophysiology of sagittal synostosis · 2026 · DOI

  • Safe navigation of venous anatomy. Technical challenges associated with the endoscopic approach. Patient selection and the potential need for future surgeries.

    Endoscopic posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO): advantages of eliminating the bicoronal incision · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study to elucidate the indications, safety, and long-term outcomes of the technique. Investigation of the potential benefits and limitations of the approach in different patient populations.

    Endoscopic posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO): advantages of eliminating the bicoronal incision · 2026 · DOI

  • OBJECTIVE Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an established technique for the management of complex craniosynostosis but remains limited by the morbidity associated with external activation ports, including infection, wound breakdown, CSF leakage, and mechanical failure.

    The magnet-actuated craniofacial (MAC) distraction system: preclinical surgical feasibility in a cadaveric model · 2026 · DOI

  • Comprehensive outcome data on OCS fixation is limited. The technical aspects and surgical outcomes of OCS fixation are not well understood.

    Feasibility of Occipital Condyle Screw Fixation for Craniocervical Instability: Integrating Morphometric Evidence, Anatomical Parameters, and Experience From Surgical Series · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a relatively small sample size of 60 participants. The study was limited to lateral cephalometric radiographs.

    Morphology, dimensions, and bridging of the sella turcica in different skeletal malocclusion patterns: A retrospective cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of longitudinal data on oral and craniofacial development in Potocki-Lupski syndrome. The true frequency of the syndrome is likely underestimated due to phenotypic variability and limited access to molecular diagnosis.

    Longitudinal oral and craniofacial follow-up of a genetically confirmed girl with Potocki-Lupski syndrome and repaired complete cleft palate: a case report · 2026 · DOI

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94 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 858 Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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