Open research questions in Customer churn and segmentation
116 gap statements mined from Customer churn and segmentation papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 689 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The banking industry lacks effective and efficient marketing strategies. There is a need to leverage big data analytics-based technology to develop more effective and efficient marketing strategies. The study aims to fill this gap by examining the influence of data-based marketing strategies on marketer performance and CASA.
Analysis of Hyperpersonalized Marketing Strategy on Marketer Performance and Potential for CASA Improvement · 2026 · DOIWhile the current avenues for future enhancement exist: Hybrid Model Integration: Future research could explore hybrid architectures that combine LSTMs with Reinforcement Learning (RL) to allow the system to learn optimal pricing policies through direct interaction with the market environment.
Real-Time Adaptive Pricing in E-Commerce Using Deep Learning and Customer Demand Forecasting · 2026 · DOIFuture work could explore whether formalizing business constraints as soft penalties within the ML training objective improves resilience to concept drift, but this remains a speculative direction rather than a demonstrated methodology. This single-organization evaluation is a major limitation.
A framework for hybrid CRM personalization: combining rule-based logic with machine learning predictions · 2026 · DOIFuture work will explore the integration of LSTM-based temporal modeling for sequential behaviour analysis, federated to enable privacy-preserving multi-institution training, real-time Apache Kafka-based data streaming, and the extension of the framework to insurance and wealth management contexts where analogous churn dynamics apply.
Customer Rentention and Profitability Analysis for the Banking Sector Using Machine Learning · 2026 · DOIThe lack of understanding of consumer purchasing behavior in the fashion retail industry. The need for actionable insights to support management and marketing decisions.
To further refine the analytics of mobile payment satisfaction, future research should explore several promising avenues. First, future work should investigate the integration of "virtual mirroring" techniques within the customer support teams handling UPI disputes.
Future research should investigate the application of this framework to longitudinal data to model segment transitions over the customer lifecycle, and explore the comparative performance of advanced clustering algorithms — including Gaussian Mixture Models and density-based methods such as DBSCAN — on comparable retail datasets.
The need for a reliable prediction model for booking likelihood. The lack of a comprehensive comparison of machine learning models for booking likelihood prediction.
A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Airbnb Booking Likelihood Prediction in Singapore with GridSearchCV Optimization · 2026 · DOICustomer retention has become a critical challenge for modern businesses due to increasing competition and changing customer behavior. Existing systems do not provide personalized customer retention strategies based on customer risk levels and behavioral segmentation.
Future studies can explore the application of the hybrid analytical approach employed in the study to other industries and contexts. The development of more sophisticated machine learning models and algorithms can enhance segmentation accuracy and support targeted marketing strategies.
Uncovering Customer Archetypes in Direct-to-Consumer Apparel: A K-Means Clustering Analysis of DMart Sales Data · 2026 · DOITraditional segmentation approaches are often insufficient to capture multidimensional consumer behavior. There is a need for advanced analytical techniques to understand consumption patterns.
Further research can be done to validate the results using external data. The study can be extended to include other factors that affect customer behavior and loyalty.
Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap PT.XYZ dengan Menggunakan Metode Recency, Frequency, Monetary (RFM) dan K-Means Clustering · 2026 · DOIPT XYZ lacks customer segmentation based on transaction data. There is a need for a method to segment customers based on transaction behavior.
Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan terhadap PT.XYZ dengan Menggunakan Metode Recency, Frequency, Monetary (RFM) dan K-Means Clustering · 2026 · DOIThe need for a holistic strategic imperative for customer experience personalization. The gap in the integration of advanced AI-driven analytics and ethical dimensions of data utilization for customer experience personalization.
Strategies for customer experience personalization in the context of retail digitalization: methodological aspects · 2026 · DOIThe study acknowledges the limitation of using a single-item indicator to measure satisfaction, which may not fully capture its multidimensional nature. The study notes the potential cultural bias of focusing on fitness centres in Spain. The study identifies the need for future research to explore more advanced artificial intelligence techniques, such as deep learning or natural language processing.
Future research is recommended to incorporate stakeholder-based validation to assess the managerial and operational relevance of the identified segments, as well as to expand the feature set with more comprehensive customer attributes to enhance segmentation robustness and business interpretability.
Customer Segmentation in an Internet Service Provider: A K-Means Case Study of Telecommunication Company · 2026 · DOIThe study is limited to a specific retail format and dataset. The study does not provide a generalizable result for all retail formats and geographic regions.
Türkiye’de Özel Etiketli Markalar için Premium Konseptli Mağaza Yayılımı: File Market Örneği ve Makine Öğrenmesi Yaklaşımı · 2026 · DOIThe study suggests that future research should focus on analyzing different retail formats and geographic regions. The study recommends that future research should investigate the impact of other variables, such as marketing strategies and competitor analysis, on store expansion.
Türkiye’de Özel Etiketli Markalar için Premium Konseptli Mağaza Yayılımı: File Market Örneği ve Makine Öğrenmesi Yaklaşımı · 2026 · DOITo explore the application of the RL-based approach in other domains.
Modelling Customer Trajectories with Reinforcement Learning for Practical Retail Insights · 2026The sample size was limited to 370 respondents. A convenience sampling method was adopted due to accessibility and time constraints.
The company needs data-driven marketing strategies and efficient operational planning.
Extend the framework using multivariable and interaction-based approaches, - Compare the present results with ordinal models, - Integrate customer evaluations with operational logistics indicators, - Apply more advanced multivariable methods, such as factorial ANOVA, generalized or ordinal regression, multilevel models, or structural equation modeling…
Data-Driven Decision Making in Logistics: An Integrated Predictive–Inferential Framework for Operator Selection · 2026 · DOITraditional churn prediction methods rely on statistical techniques and rule-based models. These methods often struggle to capture complex, non-linear relationships within large and diverse datasets.
The gap between costly but accurate trajectory data and oversimplified heuristic approximations. The limitations of traditional heuristics in capturing realistic customer behaviour.
Modelling Customer Trajectories with Reinforcement Learning for Practical Retail Insights · 2026Future research should complement this classification approach with regression-based machine learning models - Exploring more advanced artificial intelligence techniques, such as deep learning or natural language processing, to analyse unstructured data - Integrating data from wearable devices, connecting and tracking real-time usage of equipment installed…
Most-cited papers in Customer churn and segmentation
- A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · 2020 · 1,368 citations
- A Customer Lifetime Value Framework for Customer Selection and Resource Allocation Strategy · Journal of Marketing · 2004 · 681 citations
- A data-driven approach to predict the success of bank telemarketing · Decision Support Systems · 2014 · 668 citations
- Counting Your Customers: Who-Are They and What Will They Do Next? · Management Science · 1987 · 500 citations
- The Role of Big Data and Predictive Analytics in Retailing · Journal of Retailing · 2017 · 417 citations
- Customer Satisfaction Cues To Support Market Segmentation and Explain Switching Behavior · Journal of Business Research · 2000 · 362 citations
- How Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Reshaping Retailing · Journal of Retailing · 2018 · 351 citations
- Knowledge management and data mining for marketing · Decision Support Systems · 2001 · 351 citations
- Bagging and Boosting Classification Trees to Predict Churn · Journal of Marketing Research · 2006 · 325 citations
- Data mining techniques for customer relationship management · Technology in Society · 2002 · 314 citations
Most recent work
- Leveraging advanced machine learning with feature selection approach for robust customer segmentation with purchase behavior prediction · International Journal of Information Technology · 2026
- Explainable AI-driven customer churn prediction: a multi-model ensemble approach with SHAP-based feature analysis · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · 2026
- Explainable churn prediction in telecom with tabular ML five model benchmark and SHAP analysis · Discover Artificial Intelligence · 2026
- Harnessing enhanced sand cat swarm optimisation with deep learning assisted customer segmentation with purchase behaviour analytics on the retail industry · International Journal of Information Technology · 2026
- Marketing-AutoM3L: domain-aware automated machine learning for financial customer analytics · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · 2026
- e-profits: a business-aligned evaluation metric for profit-sensitive customer churn prediction · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · 2026
- An explainable AI-driven framework integrating SHAP and QFD for transitioning from CRM to CJM in customer-centric optimization · International Journal of Data Science and Analytics · 2026
- LLMs for Integrated Business Intelligence: A Big Data-Driven Framework Integrating Marketing Optimization, Financial Performance, and Audit Quality · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · 2026
- Design and implementation of generative Artificial Intelligence–driven automation for enterprise customer relationship management decision support systems · Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances · 2026
- Uncovering Customer Archetypes in Direct-to-Consumer Apparel: A K-Means Clustering Analysis of DMart Sales Data · International Journal of Emerging Research in Science Engineering and Management · 2026
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