Open research questions in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
319 gap statements mined from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,554 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The study also identifies domain challenges, such as the need for careful glycemic control in diabetic patients with fractures.
Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcomes of Lower Limb Fractures in Diabetic Patients Presenting to Emergency · 2026 · DOIPrior work has not fully addressed the independent predictors of adverse outcomes in this population.
Risk Factors and Short-Term Outcomes of Lower Limb Fractures in Diabetic Patients Presenting to Emergency · 2026 · DOIClinicians reported concerns about the lack of evidence on the diabetic shoes' properties. Manufacturers face challenges in exploring new materials with optimized properties for use in diabetic footwear.
Current strategies and priorities for diabetic footwear design and production: a cross-European exploratory survey of clinicians and shoemakers · 2026 · DOIThere is a need to identify patterns of complication burden in individuals with diabetes to support population-level strategies for identifying individuals with greater healthcare needs.
Patterns of complication burden in people with diabetes: a latent class analysis approach · 2026 · DOILimited long-term data on the effectiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cell therapy in patients with ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers and no-option chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. Current strategies for re-establishing blood flow have limitations.
Long-term outcomes of autologous cell therapy in patients with ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers and no-option chronic limb threatening ischaemia · 2026 · DOILimited access to urgent surgical procedures. Lack of structured foot evaluation in patients with diabetes.
Integrated care pathway for the management of diabetic foot disease: a position statement from the Italian Diabetic Foot Study Group · 2026 · DOIDelayed referral to specialized diabetic foot services remains a common issue. Many healthcare professionals are not adequately trained in the recognition and management of diabetic foot ulcers. There is a need for a practical, fast-track model to define referral timing to specialized diabetic foot centers.
The acute diabetic foot: different clinical patterns with a dedicated fast-track pathway · 2026 · DOIFurther research is needed to improve the system's performance in real-world scenarios. The system could be improved by incorporating additional sensors or modalities, such as inertial measurement units or GPS. The study could be extended to include multiple users or users with different mobility impairments.
Real-Time Prediction of Foot Placement and Step Height Using Stereo Vision Enhanced by Ground Object Awareness · 2025 · DOIThe lack of accurate prediction of foot placement and step height on uneven terrain. The need for a model that can adapt to various terrains and incorporate foot motions and terrain object information. The challenge of controlling assistive systems in environments with varying elevations.
Real-Time Prediction of Foot Placement and Step Height Using Stereo Vision Enhanced by Ground Object Awareness · 2025 · DOILack of standardization in PRP preparation and application. Need for larger clinical trials to establish the effectiveness of PRP in DFU healing.
Valid measures to assess quality of care delivered to patients with diabetes suffering from diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are scarce.
A multidisciplinary Delphi consensus to define evidence-based quality indicators for diabetic foot ulcer care · 2024 · DOIFuture research should focus on their complementarity with the existing QIs and their implementation in clinical practice.
A multidisciplinary Delphi consensus to define evidence-based quality indicators for diabetic foot ulcer care · 2024 · DOIInstead of relying solely on wound images, future systems will incorporate diverse patient data to improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. A single photograph offers only a partial view of infection risk, whereas combining it with clinical variables such as body temperature, inflammatory markers, glycemic control, and past infection history could enable far more precise assessments.
Clinical applications of machine learning for infection assessment in diabetic foot ulcers · 2026 · DOITheir top-ranked predictors—multidrug-resistant infection, CRP, diabetes duration, troponin, and age—partially overlap with our factors (infection severity, glycemic control) while introducing novel biomarkers (troponin) that warrant further investigation.
Staged management of infected diabetic foot ulcers: a 300-patient cohort study on prognostic grading, pathogen dynamics, and individualized risk prediction · 2026 · DOIThere is a need for alternative therapeutic agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. The bioactive properties of marine organisms against these pathogens are not well understood.
In Vitro Discovery of Anti-bacterial and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of Ellisella sp.-Associated Bacteria against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Foot Ulcers · 2026 · DOIThere is a need for a noninvasive, portable, and reproducible solution for biomechanical monitoring in sports medicine, physiotherapy, and home-based rehabilitation. Current systems may not be accurate or reliable in classifying foot pronation states.
Design of an ESP32-Instrumentation Device for Data Acquisition and Wireless Monitoring of Human Foot Pronation · 2026 · DOIDespite these limitations, the present cases indicate that HFSJO may warrant further investigation as a minimally invasive topical adjunct within an integrated wound care framework.
Curative outcomes with metal-containing TCM in diabetic foot ulcers unresponsive to standard therapy: a case series · 2026 · DOIAlthough current research has achieved significant progress in diagnostic technologies and therapeutic methods, future development still faces numerous challenges and opportunities. The core value of nursing management and the prospects of AI empowerment Nursing plays an indispensable role in the prevention, management, and retardation of progression for diabetic foot.
Advances in the application of artificial intelligence-driven multi-modal imaging technologies in the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers · 2026 · DOIFuture research should explore whether differences in dietary and lifestyle patterns among ethnic groups in Yunnan affect the DFI pathogen spectrum through stratified studies, providing a basis for more precise localized diagnosis and treatment.
Analysis of infection characteristics and clinical predictive indicators of different bacterial diabetic foot in Yunnan area · 2026 · DOIDFCs and amputation rates vary widely across provinces/territories and are higher among people living in rural areas.
Regional and Rural-Urban Differences in Incidence Rates of Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus–Related Foot Complications and Lower-Extremity Amputation in Selected Canadian Provinces and Territories · 2026 · DOIThe mechanism by which hydrolytic enzyme production, particularly amylase secretion by KGE15, contributes to biofilm disruption and wound healing in P. aeruginosa-infected diabetic foot ulcers requires mechanistic investigation beyond in vitro assays.
In Vitro Discovery of Anti-bacterial and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of Ellisella sp.-Associated Bacteria against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Foot Ulcers · 2026 · DOIInvestigating the offloading properties of therapeutic footwear - Exploring new materials with optimised properties for use in diabetic footwear - Addressing the limitations in the current study, such as the low response rate…
Current strategies and priorities for diabetic footwear design and production: a cross-European exploratory survey of clinicians and shoemakers · 2026 · DOILongitudinal follow-up of foot disorders in haemodialysis patients, - Investigation of the effectiveness of structured foot care education in preventing foot…
Further studies are needed to evaluate the DL model's performance in larger and more diverse populations - Studies should investigate the use of DL models in real-time clinical settings - Research should focus on improving the DL model's performance for patients with surgical material and for patients aged ≥ 65…
Larger clinical trials are needed, - Consideration of multiple factors including the role of epigenetics, lifestyle modification, and the percentage composition of each constituent…
Most-cited papers in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence · New England Journal of Medicine · 2017 · 3,806 citations
- Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes · JAMA · 2005 · 2,327 citations
- Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot · The Lancet · 2005 · 2,238 citations
- The global burden of diabetic foot disease · The Lancet · 2005 · 1,956 citations
- Diabetic Foot Ulcers · JAMA · 2023 · 1,386 citations
- Five year mortality and direct costs of care for people with diabetic foot complications are comparable to cancer · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · 2020 · 874 citations
- Update on management of diabetic foot ulcers · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2018 · 773 citations
- Practical Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (IWGDF 2019 update) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · 2020 · 730 citations
- Strategy for Treatment of Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers · Accounts of Chemical Research · 2021 · 695 citations
- Macrophage polarization and diabetic wound healing · Translational research · 2021 · 689 citations
Most recent work
- Advances in the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy · BMJ · 2026
- Explainable artificial intelligence for automated flatfoot detection in foot x-ray images · Discover Artificial Intelligence · 2026
- Federated multimodal AI for precision-equitable diabetes care · Frontiers in Digital Health · 2026
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Are Associated With Reduced Mortality Following Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Nationwide Observational Study · Diabetes Care · 2026
- Effects of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use on Mortality, Amputation, and Healing in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer · Diabetes Care · 2026
- Design, mechanical evaluation, and wear trial of 3D printed insole for plantar off-loading in older adults with diabetes · Gait & Posture · 2026
- A nurse-led self-efficacy–based hybrid diabetic foot self-management education program for individuals with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial · BMC Nursing · 2026
- Evaluation of Tibial Nerve Microcirculation in Diabetes Mellitus at Superresolution US · Radiology · 2026
- Diabetes-related foot disease and sarcopenia-related traits: evidence from US and Chinese cohorts and mendelian randomization · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · 2026
- Effect of health education on foot care knowledge and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh · BMC Family Practice · 2026
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