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Open research questions in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management

139 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 495 Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Longitudinal studies to assess the impact of foot self-care knowledge and behaviours on diabetes outcomes, - Interventions to improve foot self-care knowledge and behaviours

    Foot self-care knowledge and behaviors among adults with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faced challenges in terms of the complexity of diabetic foot care. The study had to address the neglect of patients’ psychological needs and long-term self-management in conventional nursing. The study had to evaluate the effectiveness of the TSDTIC model in improving wound healing and quality of life for patients with diabetic foot.

    Impact of a three-subject, dual-track, interactive care model on hospitalized patients with diabetic foot · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the TSDTIC model - Research on the long-term effects of the TSDTIC model is needed - Studies on the cost-effectiveness of the TSDTIC model are required

    Impact of a three-subject, dual-track, interactive care model on hospitalized patients with diabetic foot · 2026 · DOI

  • The association between WWI and DPN is not well understood. There is a need for early screening tools for DPN. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationship between WWI and DPN.

    Weight-adjusted waist index and its association with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in coastal Zhejiang province · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to validate the findings, - Studies investigating the associations between inflammation-related biomarkers and amputation level in different populations are needed, - Research on the potential applications of the combined model incorporating RAR, HALP, PNI, and ALI is needed

    Association of novel inflammatory biomarkers with major amputation level in diabetic foot ulcer patients undergoing amputation: a retrospective comparative study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the current understanding of the association between inflammatory biomarkers and amputation level. The study highlights the need for early risk assessment of amputation in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

    Association of novel inflammatory biomarkers with major amputation level in diabetic foot ulcer patients undergoing amputation: a retrospective comparative study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic ulcers may uncover potential therapeutic targets for enhancing wound healing in patients with diabetes

    Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis unveils key roles of protein and nucleic acid interactions in diabetic ulcer pathogenesis · 2025 · DOI

  • The utilization of quantitative instruments in gait analysis is predominantly limited to research institutions and is not extensively utilized in clinical environments. Sensor fusion algorithms, such as Kalman or Madgwick filters, are necessary for estimating the initial orientation angles. IMUs are sensitive to gravity, requiring precise calibration, coordinate conversion, and de-gravitation before they can be used in gait event detection.

    A Review of Gait Analysis Using Gyroscopes and Inertial Measurement Units · 2025 · DOI

  • In addition, several limitations of this study should be acknowledged. Future prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate our findings.

    Weight-adjusted waist index and its association with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in coastal Zhejiang province · 2026 · DOI

  • Overall, the findings support the feasibility and favorable usability of the NeuroSense system in healthy participants, although further studies with larger and clinical populations are warranted.

    NeuroSense: A preliminary usability evaluation of a system to prevent the worsening of diabetic foot conditions · 2026 · DOI

  • However, a clear understanding of how these sensors, particularly angular velocity and acceleration signals within inertial measurement units, individually or collectively, contribute to the detection of gait events and gait phases is lacking.

    A Review of Gait Analysis Using Gyroscopes and Inertial Measurement Units · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on integrated approaches to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic wound healing.

    Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic ulcers: pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot disease (DF) is a common diabetes-related complication; however, the prevalence and associated risk factors for DF are not well characterised among people living with diabetes (PLWD) in Zimbabwe.

    Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic foot complications among people living with diabetes in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study · 2024 · DOI

  • Conclusions: This study highlights the insufficient knowledge and inadequate foot care practice among patients with diabetes in the studied population.

    Knowledge and Practice of Foot Care among Patients with Diabetes Attending Diabetes Center, Saudi Arabia · 2024 · DOI

  • Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological disparities between healing and non-healing DFUs remains elusive.

    Combined analysis of single-cell sequencing and bulk transcriptome sequencing reveals new mechanisms for non-healing diabetic foot ulcers · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research will investigate the possibility of remote delivery to better meet patient and staff needs.

    Improving foot self-care in people with diabetes in Ghana: A development and feasibility randomised trial of a context appropriate, family-orientated diabetic footcare intervention · 2024 · DOI

  • Although the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was lower than that in other studies, carbapenem resistance among gram-negative bacteria warrants attention.

    Microbiological characterization of neuropathic diabetic foot infection: a retrospective study at a Portuguese tertiary hospital · 2024 · DOI

  • Dataset bias and generalizability are major challenges, with many existing models trained on relatively narrow image repositories. Limited clinical validation is a significant limitation, with many models not being tested in real-world clinical settings. Image variability is another challenge, with differences in camera equipment, wound care standards, and clinical practice affecting model performance.

    Clinical applications of machine learning for infection assessment in diabetic foot ulcers · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of more diverse and representative datasets to improve model generalizability. The evaluation of ML-assisted tools in real-world clinical settings to assess their clinical utility. The exploration of new ML algorithms and techniques to improve model performance and address current limitations.

    Clinical applications of machine learning for infection assessment in diabetic foot ulcers · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a comprehensive, real-world validation of the IWGDF/IDSA classification system. The need for a clinical prediction model for individualized risk assessment.

    Staged management of infected diabetic foot ulcers: a 300-patient cohort study on prognostic grading, pathogen dynamics, and individualized risk prediction · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for alternative therapeutic agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. The bioactive properties of marine organisms against these pathogens are not well understood.

    In Vitro Discovery of Anti-bacterial and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of Ellisella sp.-Associated Bacteria against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Foot Ulcers · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanism by which hydrolytic enzyme production, particularly amylase secretion by KGE15, contributes to biofilm disruption and wound healing in P. aeruginosa-infected diabetic foot ulcers requires mechanistic investigation beyond in vitro assays.

    In Vitro Discovery of Anti-bacterial and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of Ellisella sp.-Associated Bacteria against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Foot Ulcers · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a noninvasive, portable, and reproducible solution for biomechanical monitoring in sports medicine, physiotherapy, and home-based rehabilitation. Current systems may not be accurate or reliable in classifying foot pronation states.

    Design of an ESP32-Instrumentation Device for Data Acquisition and Wireless Monitoring of Human Foot Pronation · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for effective treatment strategies for patients with diabetic foot. There is a need for accurate risk stratification models for patients with diabetic foot.

    Prospective observational cohort of algorithm-guided reassessment in diabetic foot: real-world outcomes and prognostic associations · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite these limitations, the present cases indicate that HFSJO may warrant further investigation as a minimally invasive topical adjunct within an integrated wound care framework. Nevertheless, these observations are limited to the mon- itored clinical and laboratory parameters and do not substitute for direct quantification of systemic exposure (e.

    Curative outcomes with metal-containing TCM in diabetic foot ulcers unresponsive to standard therapy: a case series · 2026 · DOI

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139 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 495 Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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