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Open research questions in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery

134 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 404 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The inherent variability of postoperative recovery. Unmeasured intraoperative factors that may influence recovery time. The need for a model that can accurately predict recovery time across a large and diverse patient population.

    Multi-modal machine learning for prediction of post-anesthesia care unit recovery time · 2026 · DOI

  • Further investigation into the use of multimodal machine learning for PACU recovery prediction, - Exploration of other potential applications of this approach, - Development of more accurate models for longer recovery times

    Multi-modal machine learning for prediction of post-anesthesia care unit recovery time · 2026 · DOI

  • non-randomized study, - small sample size of 72 patients, - limited to patients undergoing thyroidectomy in South Korea

    Preoperative Prayer and Postoperative Recovery Quality Among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • further exploration of the association between preoperative prayer and postoperative recovery quality, - investigation of the effects of preoperative prayer on other types of surgery, - study of the mechanisms by which preoperative prayer may influence postoperative recovery

    Preoperative Prayer and Postoperative Recovery Quality Among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • The efficacy of multimodal prehabilitation in gastric cancer is insufficiently validated. There is a need for innovative solutions to enhance patients' tolerance to surgical stress and expedite postoperative recovery. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the effect of a 1-week prehabilitation program on perioperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients.

    Multimodal prehabilitation enhances perioperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction Multimodal prehabilitation, integrating exercise, nutrition, and psychological support, has shown value in perioperative care for gastrointestinal cancers, but its efficacy—especially as a short-course intervention tailored to gastric cancer’s need for timely surgery—remains insufficiently validated.

    Multimodal prehabilitation enhances perioperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Although its pathophysiology mechanisms remain incompletely understood, but research has shown a strong statistical correlation between CPSP development and both high levels of postoperative pain intensity and increased opioid consumption.

    Postoperative pain management in children · 2026 · DOI

  • Larger randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate the long-term clinical and economic impact of telemonitoring-based recovery pathways.

    Feasibility and safety of early discharge after robot-assisted uro-oncologic surgery using wearable telemonitoring · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, collaboration across institutions, and exploration of implementation strategies.

    Perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals in implementing an ERAS protocol for minimally invasive heart valve surgery: a qualitative analysis · 2025 · DOI

  • However, little is known about whether preoperative GLP-1 RA use is associated with a greater risk of complications after surgery.

    Postoperative Aspiration Pneumonia Among Adults Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists · 2025 · DOI

  • These findings support RAMIG as an effective approach enabling accelerated recovery in patient-centered care, though prospective randomized validation studies are warranted.

    Enhanced recovery and reduced opioid requirements following robot-assisted minimally invasive gastrectomy: a retrospective cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • Objective: For elective cesarean section patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), there is a lack of evidence-based research on the use of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).

    Enhanced recovery after surgery in elective cesarean section patients with gestational diabetes mellitus does not lead to glucose-related maternal and neonatal complications · 2024 · DOI

  • However, few studies have reported the efficacy of ERAS in paediatric patients with Meckel's diverticulum (MD), the aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of ERAS in treating MD.

    Application of enhanced recovery after surgery during the perioperative period in children with Meckel’s diverticulum–a single-center prospective clinical trial · 2024 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: The relationship between the quality of inpatient versus outpatient obstetric postpartum recovery is under-explored.

    Association of inpatient postpartum recovery with patient-reported outcome measures following hospital discharge: a prospective cohort study · 2024 · DOI

  • Postoperative findings were mixed: 4 studies found no significant difference in nausea and vomiting, while 2 suggested benefits.

    Preoperative Carbohydrate Loading in Pediatric Surgery: A Scoping Review of Current Clinical Trials · 2024 · DOI

  • The extent to which these telemedicine interventions are associated with improved patient safety outcomes has not been assessed in systematic and meta-analytic reviews.

    Digital Health Interventions and Patient Safety in Abdominal Surgery · 2024 · DOI

  • However, the mechanisms of action for specific types of abdominal surgery are still largely unknown and warrant further research.

    Digital Health Interventions and Patient Safety in Abdominal Surgery · 2024 · DOI

  • The current literature lacks studies investigating the specific factors influencing early discharge in patients undergoing knee replacement surgery under the ERAS protocol. There is a need to identify independent factors promoting early discharge to inform the development of personalized treatment plans.

    Analysis of Factors Influencing Early Discharge in Patients Undergoing Knee Replacement Surgery Under the ERAS Protocol: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews of the currently available literature comparing ERAS care with conventional care. There is a need to evaluate the efficacy of ERAS care in reducing total complications. There is a need to assess the certainty of evidence using GRADE evidence profiles.

    Enhanced recovery after surgery nursing improves postoperative outcomes in laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a cumulative meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of data on day-case robotic adrenalectomy under an ERAS protocol. The feasibility and outcomes of the procedure are not well understood.

    Day-case robotic adrenalectomy under ERAS protocol: early outcomes from a single-centre experience · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardized Enhanced Recovery protocols across European surgical centers. The need for a structured educational framework to reduce variability in ERAS implementation.

    Advancing abdominal surgery recovery implementation: a unified framework for intensified recovery protocols by the EUropean PErioperative MEdical Networking collaborative · 2026 · DOI

  • r 19. Xu J, Wu A, Filip C, Patel Z, Bernstein S, Tanveer R, et al. Active recall strategies associated with academic achievement in young adults: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. (2024) 354:191–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.010 20. Serra MJ, Kaminske AN, Nebel C, Coppola KM. The use of retrieval practice in the health professions: a state-of-the-art review. Behav Sci (Basel). (2025) 15:974. doi: 10.3390/bs15070974 21. Greco M, Capretti G, Beretta L, Gemma M, Pecorelli N, Braga M. Enhanced recovery program in colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Surg. (2014) 38:1531–41. doi: 10.1007/s00268-013- 2416-8 22. ERAS Compliance Group. The recovery protocol compliance on elective colorectal cancer resection: results from an (2015) 261:1153–9. doi: 10.1097/SLA. international 0000000000001029 registry. Ann Surg. impact of enhanced 23. Gramlich LM, Sheppard CE, Wasylak T, Gilmour LE, Ljungqvist O, Basualdo- Hammond C, et al. Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery: a strategy to transform surgical care across a health system. Implement Sci. (2017) 12:67. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0597-5 24. Grant MC, Engelman DT. Enhanced recovery after surgery: overarching themes of the ERAS® society guidelines & consensus statements for adult specialty surgery. Perioper Med (Lond). (2025) 14:120. doi: 10.1186/s13741-025- 00590-0 25. Perroni G, Johnson C, Khandhar S, Veronesi G, Ambrogi V, Fernando HC. Implementation of eras for patients undergoing esophagectomy: a narrative review of the current literature and latest evidence. Curr Chall Thorac Surg. (2021) 3:37. doi: 10.21037/ccts-20-105 26. Stenberg E, Dos Reis Falcão LF, O’Kane M, Liem R, Pournaras DJ, Salminen P, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in bariatric surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations: a 2021 update. World J Surg. (2022) 46:729–51. doi: 10.1007/s00268-021-06394-9 27. Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schäfer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. Br J Surg. (2014) 101:1209–29. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9582 28. Cai H, Liu Z, Wei F, Yu M, Xu N, Li Z. 3D printing in spine surgery. Adv Exp Med Biol. (2018) 1093:345–59. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1396-7_27 14. Ioannidis O, Anestiadou E, Koltsida A, Ramirez JM, Fabbri N, Ubieto JM, et al. Optimizing perioperative care in esophageal surgery: the EUropean PErioperative MEdical Networking (EUPEMEN) collaborative for esophagectomy. Diseases. (2025) 13:231. doi: 10.3390/diseases13080231 29. Joliat G-R, Kobayashi K, Hasegawa K, Thomson J-E, Padbury R, Scott M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for liver surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations 2022. World J Surg. (2023) 47:11–34. doi: 10. 1007/s00268-022-06732-5 15. Ioannidis O, Koltsida A, Anestiadou E, Ramirez JM, Fabbri N, Ubieto JM, et al.

    Advancing abdominal surgery recovery implementation: a unified framework for intensified recovery protocols by the EUropean PErioperative MEdical Networking collaborative · 2026 · DOI

  • Obstetric patients exhibit 'accelerated starvation', increasing the risk of ketoacidosis. Prolonged preoperative fasting may cause metabolic disturbances. Strict ward mealtime schedules, limited availability of nursing staff, and unpredictable surgical schedules may contribute to extended fasting periods.

    The impact of perioperative fasting on metabolic status in elective caesarean section patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing literature on acid-base disturbances and ketosis in obstetric patients is scarce and primarily anecdotal in nature. There is a need to study the metabolic impact of extended preoperative fasting periods in elective caesarean sections.

    The impact of perioperative fasting on metabolic status in elective caesarean section patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Gastric cancer remains a major global health burden. Current treatments have limitations and complications. There is a need for more effective and safe treatments.

    A retrospective case-control study of Da Vinci robotic versus laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer under an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol · 2026 · DOI

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134 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 404 Enhanced Recovery After Surgery papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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