Open research questions in Flood Risk Assessment and Management
941 gap statements mined from Flood Risk Assessment and Management papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 5,073 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.
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What the literature leaves open
The research highlights the need for non-structural measures that can effectively reduce flood risk in urban and peri-urban areas. The study faces challenges related to hydrological variability and uncertainty in water availability.
Existing research often focuses solely on environmental factors, ignoring socioeconomic considerations. There is a need for a more comprehensive approach to flood risk management, considering multiple criteria. The paper identifies a gap in the development of frameworks that integrate multi-criteria models with geospatial regression.
Integrating multi-criteria models into geospatial regression to explore spatially varying flood risk · 2026 · DOIExplaining the uncertainty inherent in the approach that has been designed.
Morecambe Area Gaming Environment (MAGE): An Applied Case Study for Coastal Futures and Adaptations · 2026 · DOIThe need for a system that can facilitate community engagement and decision-making in coastal management. The lack of a rigorous way to contribute to knowledge formation and decision-making in coastal management.
Morecambe Area Gaming Environment (MAGE): An Applied Case Study for Coastal Futures and Adaptations · 2026 · DOIThe study highlights the need to quantify the contingency of reservoir performance on antecedent conditions.
Antecedent storage governs downstream flood outcome at a flood-control reservoir: canyon dam, the 2002 and 2025 Guadalupe River floods, and the probable maximum flood · 2026 · DOIAddressing under-canopy flood detection due to a lack of validation data.
Validating simulated flows due to limited data availability. Identifying flood-affected road infrastructure and bridges with a probability of scour design exceedance greater than zero.
Prior models have limitations, such as subjectivity and oversimplification of complex systems. There is a need for a more effective and accurate approach to evaluating and mapping urban pluvial flood susceptibility. The importance of incorporating drainage-related factors in urban flood susceptibility mapping has not been fully addressed.
The Machine Learning-Based Mapping of Urban Pluvial Flood Susceptibility in Seoul Integrating Flood Conditioning Factors and Drainage-Related Data · 2025 · DOIThere is a need to conduct a comprehensive flash flood vulnerability assessment, incorporating multiple triggering factors. The study identifies a gap in the existing literature, where most studies focus on a single dimension of vulnerability. The integration of multiple dimensions of vulnerability is crucial for targeted disaster mitigation and response.
Geospatial Approach to Assess Flash Flood Vulnerability in a Coastal District of Bangladesh: Integrating the Multifaceted Dimension of Vulnerabilities · 2025 · DOIThe need for objective evaluation methods to reduce the interference of subjective judgment. The challenge of revealing the spatial characteristics of urban flood resilience using spatial autocorrelation analysis.
Limited previous research on urban flood resilience in the YRD. Most studies focus on the mechanisms of flood disasters and risk assessments, with little emphasis on quantifying urban flood resilience and conducting spatial correlation analysis. The need for a more comprehensive evaluation framework that considers socioeconomic development level and natural changes.
Lack of research on large-scale basins and cities, especially ecologically sensitive areas with complex hydrological processes.
A Comprehensive Modelling Framework for Identifying Green Infrastructure Layout in Urban Flood Management of the Yellow River Basin · 2025 · DOIThe lack of a comprehensive framework for assessing the equity of seismic shelter distribution in high-density urban environments. The need for a systematic and well-targeted urban disaster prevention framework to reduce losses. The limitation of traditional fairness definitions in terms of population coverage or demand satisfaction.
Spatial Analysis and Fairness Evaluation of Seismic Emergency Shelter Distribution in High-Density Cities Based on GIS: A Case Study of Seoul · 2025 · DOIThe need for a comprehensive resilience evaluation model. The challenge of integrating SNA with a modified gravity model.
Spatiotemporal Variation and Network Correlation Analysis of Flood Resilience in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Based on the DRIRA Model · 2025 · DOIThe lack of a model that emphasizes dynamic interactions across the entire disaster lifecycle. The need for a model that integrates SNA with a modified gravity model. The absence of a comprehensive resilience evaluation model.
Spatiotemporal Variation and Network Correlation Analysis of Flood Resilience in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration Based on the DRIRA Model · 2025 · DOIThe inherent limitations of conventional drainage infrastructure in historic urban areas are a challenge. The lack of standardized metrics for assessing resilience in historic urban areas and urban waterlogging disasters is a challenge.
Comprehensive Assessment and Obstacle Factor Recognition of Waterlogging Disaster Resilience in the Historic Urban Area · 2025 · DOIThere is a lack of standardized metrics for assessing resilience in historic urban areas and urban waterlogging disasters. The study addresses the dimensional limitations in risk assessment by establishing architectural heritage as the core determinant of regional waterlogging disaster resilience.
Comprehensive Assessment and Obstacle Factor Recognition of Waterlogging Disaster Resilience in the Historic Urban Area · 2025 · DOIFragmentation and lack of object-level semantic labels remain key challenges. There is a need for a transferable solution for constructing surface water classification datasets.
A Low-Fragmentation Global Vector Dataset for River and Lake Classification of Surface Water Bodies · 2025 · DOIThe lack of public-domain datasets for pump station operations is a significant gap in current research. The need for more research on transfer learning and explainable artificial intelligence is another gap identified in the paper. The limited use of machine learning in real-time operations of flood control pumps is also a gap that needs to be addressed.
The paper does not explicitly state the research gap it aims to address. However, it mentions that floods are one of the most common and destructive phenomena observed worldwide and that flood modeling can help manage and minimize the effects of floods.
The lack of adequate sites and current legislation for environmental sustainability makes the construction of new large dams in industrialized countries not feasible. The need for improved water management and the incorporation of ecosystem protection and restoration into water resource management.
More detailed analyses of extreme hydrological events, such as exceptionally wet or dry years, - Consideration of flood modelling or climate variability scenarios, - Further optimisation of flood risk…
Investigating the application of the proposed framework in other flood-prone regions. Examining the impact of different machine learning algorithms on the framework's performance.
Integrating multi-criteria models into geospatial regression to explore spatially varying flood risk · 2026 · DOIOther water body subtypes, such as wetlands, canals, and others, can be considered in future research - Potential directions for future research are discussed in detail in Section…
A Low-Fragmentation Global Vector Dataset for River and Lake Classification of Surface Water Bodies · 2025 · DOIEfforts to develop other open-source datasets would be useful to further test the use of ML in real-time operations of flood control…
Most-cited papers in Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Satellite imaging reveals increased proportion of population exposed to floods · Nature · 2021 · 1,316 citations
- Perception and Communication of Flood Risks: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research · Risk Analysis · 2012 · 601 citations
- The changing nature of flooding across the central United States · Nature Climate Change · 2015 · 540 citations
- Rapid and robust monitoring of flood events using Sentinel-1 and Landsat data on the Google Earth Engine · Remote Sensing of Environment · 2020 · 480 citations
- XGBoost-based method for flash flood risk assessment · Journal of Hydrology · 2021 · 458 citations
- Human alteration of global surface water storage variability · Nature · 2021 · 447 citations
- Statistical Modeling of Spatial Extremes · Statistical Science · 2012 · 445 citations
- Flood susceptibility modelling using advanced ensemble machine learning models · Geoscience Frontiers · 2020 · 439 citations
- Inequitable patterns of US flood risk in the Anthropocene · Nature Climate Change · 2022 · 435 citations
- Flood exposure and social vulnerability in the United States · Natural Hazards · 2021 · 416 citations
Most recent work
- An integrated approach to evaluating and prioritizing socio-physical flooding mitigation planning to enhance resilience in a community · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · 2026
- A large-scale framework for deriving tidal flat topography from SWOT data · Remote Sensing of Environment · 2026
- Analysis of spatiotemporal variations and driving forces of NDVI based on random forest and Geodetector: A case study of the Heihe river basin in China · Ecological Indicators · 2026
- Synergistic Integration of Flood Inundation Modeling Methods: A Review of Computational, Data‐Driven, Observational and Experimental, and Conceptual Models · Reviews of Geophysics · 2026
- Advancing Flood Susceptibility Mapping with Explainable AI: A Novel Application of Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) · Water Resources Management · 2026
- Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban flood resilience in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration · Sustainable Cities and Society · 2026
- Physics‐Informed, Differentiable Hydrologic Models for Capturing Unseen Extreme Events · Water Resources Research · 2026
- Urban Flood Vulnerability, Economic Loss, Functionality Loss, and Restoration Modeling in Built Environment: Probabilistic Model Formulation and Application in a Mixed Formal and Informal Setting · Water Resources Management · 2026
- Flood Susceptibility and Risk Assessment in Myanmar Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Interpretable Ensemble Machine Learning Model · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · 2026
- A stochastic rain-on-grid framework for handling spatio-temporal rainfall uncertainty in impact-based flood nowcasting · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · 2026
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