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Open research questions in Gender Roles and Identity Studies

759 gap statements mined from Gender Roles and Identity Studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 6,795 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Further, little is known about how children's conception of their own gender affects how they think about others.

    Preschoolers' Gender Identification Rigidity Relates to Their Gender‐Typed Predictions for Others · 2025 · DOI

  • Involuntary singlehood among men is a public health issue warranting further investigation.

    Involuntary singlehood, gender equality and mental health in contemporary Sweden · 2024 · DOI

  • Until now, research has focused on adult men and has not explored the question of how care orientations are developed through processes of socialization.

    Caring Boyhood? A Qualitative Study of the Complex Relation Between Care, Adolescence, and Masculinity · 2024 · DOI

  • New insights have been provided into the role of fathers’ environmental activism, which warrants further research to connect ecological forms of masculinity to family and environmental issues (Hultman and Pulé 2018).

    RCC Perspectives, Vol. 4 (2017): Men and Nature: Hegemonic Masculinities and Environmental Change · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in research on men as entrepreneurs, highlighting the need to examine how masculinity shapes entrepreneurial practices, identities, and forms of legitimacy. The study also notes that most research on gender and entrepreneurship has focused on women entrepreneurs, while men have remained an implicit and largely unexamined category.

    Masculinities in Entrepreneurship: Reproducing Inequalities and Seeking Alternatives · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could explore the ways in which Chinese gay men's desires and identities are shaped by cultural and social context. Future research could examine the role of technology and social media in shaping gay men's desires and identities. Future research could investigate the implications of the paper's findings for the development of more effective support services for LGBTQ+ individuals in China.

    When Heteropatriarchy Turns You On: Masculinity, Masochism, and the Erotics of Normativity · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights the need for more nuanced and culturally sensitive approaches to supporting LGBTQ+ individuals in China.

    When Heteropatriarchy Turns You On: Masculinity, Masochism, and the Erotics of Normativity · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the impact of traditional masculinity on men's willingness to seek help. There is a need for strategies to motivate men to initiate and benefit from psychological treatments.

    Perspectives on Eliminating Barriers and Fostering Solutions to Men’s Participation and Engagement in Mental Health Services · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper suggests that future research should explore the ways in which educators and policymakers can engage in dialogue with young adults, fostering critical thinking and citizenship construction. The paper recommends that future research should investigate the factors influencing citizenship construction, including school, family, and the public arena.

    (Re)Constructing femininities and masculinities · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the literature, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of young adults' citizenship construction. The paper notes that existing research has focused on the role of school and family in shaping citizenship, but has neglected the importance of dialogue and critical thinking.

    (Re)Constructing femininities and masculinities · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights the need for further research on the impact of discourse on gender and sexual orientation.

    „Faggi, tappi, lessa, feit eða heit“ Orðtíðni framhaldsskólanema um staðalmyndir kynhneigðar og kyngervis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should explore the implications of feminization on the teaching profession and the education system as a whole. It also recommends further research on the potential consequences of feminization on gender diversity and equality in the workforce.

    Feminization of Primary Education: Gendered Structures, Occupational Dynamics, and Socio-Cultural Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • It highlights the need for further research on the implications of feminization on the teaching profession and the education system as a whole.

    Feminization of Primary Education: Gendered Structures, Occupational Dynamics, and Socio-Cultural Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • The primacy of this deficit-focused may have shaped the development of measures of masculinities in ways that underrepresent adaptive, relational, or health-promoting dimensions of masculine identity, even as it remains an open empirical question whether such dimensions exist in ways that can be meaningfully defined and measured.

    What Is the Measure of a Man? A Systematic Scoping Review of 50 Years of Masculinities Scales · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies on patriarchal beliefs and sexism in the Portuguese context. There is a need to adapt and validate reliable instruments to measure patriarchal beliefs and sexism in different cultures.

    Patriarchal Beliefs Scale: Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version · 2026 · DOI

  • Harmful constructions of masculinity are linked to the normalization of violence against women. Economic pressures and cultural expectations shape male identity crises and contribute to violence. There is a need to engage men as partners in gender transformation.

    Gender Positive Masculinity: Case Study of Men's Involvement in Promoting Positive Masculinities · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited attention has been given to men's involvement as allies in prevention efforts. There is a need to examine men's perspectives and participation in promoting positive masculinity as a transformative strategy to reduce GBV.

    Gender Positive Masculinity: Case Study of Men's Involvement in Promoting Positive Masculinities · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need for thoughtful, new solutions to address these challenges and promote gender equality.

    But what of women? A look at some of the implications of men’s unequal outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • Pastoral care and counseling ministries need to be strengthened to help these young men overcome the psychological and emotional consequences of fatherlessness. This ministry should provide a space in which young boys can express themselves on pain, rejection, identity issues, psychological challenges, and also receive adequate spiritual and psychosocial help.

    Father Absence and Masculinity Formation Among Young Men: A Public Practical Theological Exploration of Emotional Development and Relational Identity · 2026 · DOI

  • The study must balance the need for cultural sensitivity with the need for standardized instruments.

    Do traditional masculine norms predict emotion regulation? A cross-cultural quantitative study of urban Indian men · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the synthesized findings, the following recommendations are proposed to strengthen gender mainstreaming in basic education. Schools must shift from peripheral initiatives to a holistic, institutionalized framework. This requires embedding gender-responsive pedagogy into ongoing, context-specific professional development and holding school leaders accountable by integrating gender instructional oversight.

    A Meta-synthesis in Gender Mainstreaming and Promoting Gender-Responsive Teaching and School Culture in Basic Education · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could address these gaps through multi-sited, class-diverse, and longitudinal studies, and explore…

    Reconfiguring Masculinity and Sonhood among Gay Migrants in Urban China · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the challenge of promoting alternative models of masculinity in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The research also notes the challenge of addressing the gap in research on men as entrepreneurs.

    Masculinities in Entrepreneurship: Reproducing Inequalities and Seeking Alternatives · 2026 · DOI

  • More attention to the dual sides of women’s friendships is needed, - Particular attention to increasing challenges around perceptions of mate…

    But what of women? A look at some of the implications of men’s unequal outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • The absence of practical approaches to encourage men who avoid using health services to engage with them. Gaps in the effectiveness of some of the developed strategies to promote men's health-seeking behaviour.

    Implementation of strategies to promote men’s health-seeking behaviour in a rural village of Limpopo Province, South Africa: a study protocol · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Gender Roles and Identity Studies

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research could explore the ways in which Chinese gay men's desires and identities are shaped by cultural and social context (“When Heteropatriarchy Turns You On: Masculinity, Masochism, and the Erotics of…”, 2026); (2) There is a lack of understanding of the impact of traditional masculinity on men's willingness to seek help (“Perspectives on Eliminating Barriers and Fostering Solutions to Men’s…”, 2026); (3) The paper suggests that future research should explore the ways in which educators and policymakers can engage in dialogue with young adults, fostering critical thinking and citizenship construction (“(Re)Constructing femininities and masculinities”, 2026); (4) The study suggests that future research should explore the implications of feminization on the teaching profession and the education system as a whole (“Feminization of Primary Education: Gendered Structures, Occupational Dynamics,…”, 2026); (5) There is a lack of studies on patriarchal beliefs and sexism in the Portuguese context (“Patriarchal Beliefs Scale: Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version”, 2026). 759 gap statements have been mined from Gender Roles and Identity Studies papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 6,795 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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