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Open research questions in Glaucoma and retinal disorders

168 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 499 Glaucoma and retinal disorders papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • further studies are needed to examine the effects of lipid traits on POAG in specific subpopulations, - studies should investigate the potential mechanisms by which phosphatidylcholine (16:0/18:1) may influence POAG risk, - research should explore the relationship between lipid traits and other types of glaucoma

    Genetically Predicted Circulating Lipid Traits and Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The inconsistent findings of observational studies on the relationship between serum lipids and glaucoma. The lack of understanding of the causal relationship between lipid traits and glaucoma. The need for a robust approach to evaluate the relationship between lipid traits and glaucoma.

    Genetically Predicted Circulating Lipid Traits and Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the role of the complement system in glaucoma, - Studying the effects of complement dysregulation on retinal cells, - Examining the potential of complement inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for glaucoma

    The Role of Complement Dysregulation in Glaucoma · 2024 · DOI

  • Purpose: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death following optic nerve injury is driven by transcriptional programs involved in apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and other regulated cell death pathways; however, the early transcriptomic changes initiating these processes remain poorly defined.

    Total RNA Sequencing Reveals Early Coding, Noncoding, and Isoform-Level Transcriptomic Changes Following Traumatic and Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Injury · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on biomarker-guided and anti-inflammatory interventions to shift management toward physiological-psychological co-care.

    The bidirectional enigma of glaucoma and anxiety: from neuroinflammatory mechanisms to mind-body integrated therapies · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite this profound disability, the neurochemical basis of preserved cortical plasticity remains unclear, compounded by the challenge of recruiting this vulnerable population for advanced neuroimaging studies.

    Metabolic alterations within the primary visual cortex in blind patients with end-stage glaucoma: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study · 2025 · DOI

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma, caused by a reduction in outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, is the most common subset of the disease, though its underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.

    Caspase-mediated pathways in retinal ganglion cell injury: a novel therapeutic target for glaucoma · 2025 · DOI

  • The exact pathology of glaucoma is not well understood. The role of complement dysregulation in glaucoma is not fully understood. There is a need to understand how complement-mediated damage contributes to glaucoma.

    The Role of Complement Dysregulation in Glaucoma · 2024 · DOI

  • Objective Although numerous studies have substantiated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin B6 on the optic nerve and its enhancement of visual function, comprehensive data delineating the correlation between vitamin B6 and glaucoma at a national demographic scale remain insufficient.

    Higher vitamin B6 dietary consumption is associated with a lower risk of glaucoma among United States adults · 2024 · DOI

  • The underlying cellular mechanisms of DMD are not well understood - There is a need to clarify the incidence and identify all potential risk factors for DMD following glaucoma surgery

    Identification and management of Descemet’s membrane detachment during glaucoma and cataract surgery · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the postoperative changes in peripapillary retinal vessel caliber and optic disc structure in childhood glaucoma. The study aims to address this gap by investigating these changes using quantitative fundus photograph analysis.

    Reversible cupping and persistent vessel narrowing after glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma: a quantitative fundus photograph study · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations should be acknowledged. First, the relatively modest sample size (n = 24) limits the statistical power of our multivariate regression analyses. Therefore, the results of these models should be interpreted with caution, as the number of variables examined is relatively high relative to the sample size. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings. Second, the single 2-year follow-up precludes assessment of long-term remodeling trajectories. Third, the use of fundus photography instead of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a methodological limitation, as OCTA is the gold standard for assessing retinal microvasculature. However, obtaining high-quality OCTA images is challenging in some children due to poor cooperation. Future studies are expected to employ OCTA for more comprehensive investigations to address this limitation. Fourth, significant axial length dierences between groups introduce potential myopia-related confounding, which may not be fully resolved by normalization to disc diameter. Future studies with larger, axial length-matched cohorts and advanced imaging are needed.

    Reversible cupping and persistent vessel narrowing after glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma: a quantitative fundus photograph study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the predictive value of AS-OCT parameters for secondary intervention after PM implantation. The relationship between AS-OCT parameters and secondary interventions is not well understood.

    Structural anterior segment OCT biomarkers do not predict secondary intervention after Preserflo MicroShunt implantation · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the underlying mechanisms of postoperative bleb interventions. Studies should investigate the optimal postoperative management of XEN gel stent implantation, including the use of needling procedures and incisional bleb revisions.

    Predicting bleb revision after XEN gel stent surgery in a real-world open-angle glaucoma cohort · 2026 · DOI

  • The incidence, timing, and risk factors for postoperative needling procedure and incisional bleb revision following XEN gel stent implantation are not well understood. Prior studies have reported varying rates of needling procedures and incisional bleb revisions after XEN gel stent implantation.

    Predicting bleb revision after XEN gel stent surgery in a real-world open-angle glaucoma cohort · 2026 · DOI

  • The relationship between IOP and myopia is highly controversial in children and adolescents. There is a need to consider IOP as a potential confounder in structural analyses of myopia.

    The influence of intraocular pressure in the onset and progression of myopia in children and adolescents: a review of mechanisms and clinical significance · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for more effective procedures for treating open-angle glaucoma. Current treatments have limitations, and there is a need for novel surgical procedures.

    Two-year outcomes of modified external suture trabeculotomy for Chinese open-angle glaucoma patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Preclinical studies suggest insulin promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and regeneration, but its safety in higher concentrations (100 and 500 units/mL), administered topically, has been poorly characterized in humans.

    Safety of insulin eye drops in the tratment of open angle glaucoma: a randomized phase I clinical trial · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a relatively small sample size of 25 eyes. The follow-up period was limited to a mean of 49.5 months. The study did not include a control group for comparison.

    Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Combined Pars Plana Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation and Vitrectomy · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the use of combined pars plana Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and vitrectomy in patients with glaucoma. The current literature is limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods.

    Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Combined Pars Plana Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation and Vitrectomy · 2026 · DOI

  • The awareness of glaucoma is not high despite its importance. There is a need to investigate the level of glaucoma awareness and its determinants among Korean adults.

    Glaucoma Awareness and Its Determinants in Korea: Findings from the 2017-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Managing primary angle-closure glaucoma is challenging due to the risk of trabeculectomy failure. Conjunctival fibrosis can lead to surgical failure. There is a need for a minimally invasive and conjunctiva-sparing alternative treatment.

    Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation combined with goniosynechialysis and goniotomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma following failed trabeculectomy: short-term effectiveness and safety outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for alternative treatments for primary angle-closure glaucoma. Trabeculectomy has limitations, and a more effective treatment is required. PEI-GSL-GT offers a potential solution to this gap.

    Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation combined with goniosynechialysis and goniotomy in primary angle-closure glaucoma following failed trabeculectomy: short-term effectiveness and safety outcomes · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not account for potentially multiple data points per subject. The analysis is limited to a specific type of perimetry (SITA-Faster).

    Clinical Effective Dynamic Range and the Measurement Floor of SITA-Faster Visual Field Tests · 2026 · DOI

  • The effective dynamic range of SITA-Faster perimetry is not well established. There is a need for a reliable estimate of the number of discernible clinical steps and the measurement floor.

    Clinical Effective Dynamic Range and the Measurement Floor of SITA-Faster Visual Field Tests · 2026 · DOI

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168 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 499 Glaucoma and retinal disorders papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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