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Open research questions in Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology

137 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,765 Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Existing programme arrangements have expanded service delivery but remain insufficiently institutionalized for the scale, complexity, and long-term nature of the national NCD challenge.

    Establishing a Directorate and Secretariat for Non-Communicable Disease Control in Bangladesh: A Policy Concept Note · 2026 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Although the World Health Organisation (WHO) has proposed the use of fiscal policies to mitigate consumption externalities such as overweight and obesity-related diseases, very little is known about the impacts of the different types and framing of national and/or regional fiscal policies that have been implemented over the years.

    Effectiveness of implemented global dietary interventions: a scoping review of fiscal policies · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a pressing need for further research on access to healthcare for obesity, T2D, and HPT for women in South Africa, particularly among women who bear a disproportionately high burden of these conditions.

    Women’s access to health care for non-communicable diseases in South Africa: A scoping review. · 2024 · DOI

  • Constrained primary care capacity. Weak chronic disease delivery models. Unaffordable or unavailable essential medicines. Limited access to diagnosis and treatment.

    The forgotten billion: bridging the global allergy care chasm through scalable, equity-driven strategies · 2026 · DOI

  • The care-access gradient for allergic diseases is profound, with the tools to diagnose and treat often being least available where the burden is greatest. There is a lack of scalable, equity-driven strategies to address this gap.

    The forgotten billion: bridging the global allergy care chasm through scalable, equity-driven strategies · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the implementation of One Health principles in the Dominican Republic, particularly in terms of weak governance structures and limited cross-sectoral collaboration. The study highlights the need for more effective strategies to address workforce retention challenges.

    Assessing the implementation of cross sectoral coordination and surveillance integration for One Health in the Dominican Republic · 2026 · DOI

  • Further analysis of the implications of the WHO's authority for global health security. Examination of the development of a new pandemic instrument under Article 19 of the WHO Constitution. Investigation of the effectiveness of different triggers, transparency duties, and compliance mechanisms in global health security systems.

    The Legal Mandate of the WHO in Declaring a Pandemic: Between Soft Law and Binding Obligations · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of clarity on the WHO's legal mandate in declaring a pandemic. The ambiguity in the distinction between a PHEIC and a pandemic declaration. The need for clearer triggers, transparency duties, and compliance mechanisms in future treaty reform.

    The Legal Mandate of the WHO in Declaring a Pandemic: Between Soft Law and Binding Obligations · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a clear definition of a pandemic leads to a discretionary zone in the decision-making process. The pandemic declaration is sensitive to political factors, which can lead to delays or inconsistent decisions.

    Political and Institutional Factors Influencing WHO Pandemic Declarations: An Analysis Beyond the Legal Framework of the IHR · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of empirical evidence on the contribution of large-scale digital reporting systems to pandemic preparedness in low- and middle-income countries. There is a need to examine the experience of digital reporting systems in decentralized public health settings.

    Digital reporting in a decentralized public health system: lessons from Indonesia’s micro PPKM experience · 2026 · DOI

  • The question of to what extent increasing trade and investment in the health sector can effectively improve public health care delivery to the population. The extent to which trade policy in health services is disembedded from the question of public health care provision.

    Furthering Trade and Investment in India’s Healthcare Sector. What Cost to the Public Health Care System? · 2026 · DOI

  • The spread of infectious diseases in Africa is facilitated by a lack of healthcare and poverty, - China's approach to global health governance is distinct and creative, - The study's findings can be limited by the lack of data on China's provision of global public goods for health

    China’s global health governance in Africa before Covid-19: status signalling through conspicuous giving · 2026 · DOI

  • The pre-Covid-19 period has been overlooked in scholarly inquiry, - There is a lack of research on China's provision of global public goods for health in Africa

    China’s global health governance in Africa before Covid-19: status signalling through conspicuous giving · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited by the availability of documented sources. The study is limited by the logistical and financial constraints associated with conducting fieldwork, surveys, or interviews across multiple SSA countries.

    Navigating the trends, strides and dilemmas of ingraining the fourth industrial revolution in health care delivery system in Sub-Saharan Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should investigate the impact of 4IR on health outcomes in SSA. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of different 4IR technologies in improving healthcare provision. Future studies should explore the policy and regulatory frameworks that can support the adoption of 4IR in SSA.

    Navigating the trends, strides and dilemmas of ingraining the fourth industrial revolution in health care delivery system in Sub-Saharan Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • The world is not on track to meet the commitment to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. There is a need for multisectoral action to accelerate progress.

    KEYNOTE 3. Race to the Finish: Our Evolving Understanding of the Role of Active Mobility for a Sustainable Future · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of systematic lipid profiling conducted at the population or large-cohort level in Sudan. The availability of epidemiological data concerning various diseases in many African nations is often restricted and disjointed.

    Cardiac Diseases in Sudan 1970–2025: Current Situation and Future Prospects · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap between federal norm-setting and local implementation capacity in decentralised systems. The operationalisation of disease-specific actions in Municipal Health Plans remains limited.

    Policy priorities and operational planning for socially determined diseases in Brazil: a nationwide analysis of municipal health plans · 2026 · DOI

  • The research was conducted remotely, limiting opportunities for place-based observation and contextual immersion. Interviews were conducted retrospectively, which may have introduced recall erosion or post-hoc sense-making. The study's focus on interpretive insight into governance, context, and community-led response may have limited the depth of emerging themes.

    First Nations First: A Community-Grounded Framework for Pandemic Preparedness and Response in Rural and Remote First Nations · 2026 · DOI

  • Given that the methodologies associated with the ROI are not provided in sufficient detail and given the lack of transparency in terms of the data used in its calculations, as it interpreting the ROI requires assumptions about the data sources, methodological stands, speculation and reconstruction, undermining the robustness of the WHO/WB estimates but also representing a key limitation of any attempt to reexamine the ROI (including ours).

    An investment too good to be true?: Reassessing the World Health Organization and World Bank return-on-investment estimates for pandemic preparedness · 2026 · DOI

  • Thematic gaps include the dominance of descriptive research, limited evidence on effective policy interventions, insufficient engagement with structural determinants and political economy, and underdeveloped attention to emerging drivers such as climate change, digitalization, and commercial determinants.

    From knowledge accumulation to transformative action: research to catalyze progress on social determinants of health equity · 2026 · DOI

  • The challenge of implementing a comprehensive food policy bundle in urban Ghana. The difficulty of measuring public support for a broader bundle of policies. The need to identify predictors of support and underlying motivations for public acceptance of food environment policies.

    Beyond the sugar tax: public acceptability of a comprehensive food policy bundle in urban Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in knowledge on public support for a broader food policy bundle in urban Ghana. The lack of quantitative studies on public support for front-of-pack warning labels and food marketing restrictions alongside the sugar-sweetened beverage tax in Ghana.

    Beyond the sugar tax: public acceptability of a comprehensive food policy bundle in urban Ghana · 2026 · DOI

  • Persistent inequities in cancer incidence and mortality between Māori and non-Māori. Limited regulation of industry influence on health policy. The need to protect cancer-related policies from vested and commercial interests.

    Public support for better controls on lobbying and industry influence in Aotearoa New Zealand: findings from a national survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited regulation of industry influence on health policy has contributed to persistent cancer inequities, particularly for Māori. There is a need to assess public support for controls on lobbying and industry influence in Aotearoa New Zealand.

    Public support for better controls on lobbying and industry influence in Aotearoa New Zealand: findings from a national survey · 2026 · DOI

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137 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,765 Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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