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Open research questions in Global Security and Public Health

42 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,836 Global Security and Public Health papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • technical addressing Four recommendations follow for the Directorate of training modules Immigration Services. First, specifically failure management should be developed for land border sites — not generic resilience guidance but site- specific protocols for each class of biometric system failure that officers at Namanga and Busia routinely encounter. These modules should be based on the developed discretionary informally by experienced officers at each site, formalising what works rather than imposing untested procedures. practices already Second, supervision structures should be reformed to provide written, site-specific guidance on which for processing modifications are established regular crossers and which require secondary supervisor authorisation. The current sanctioned 456 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2026 Article DOI : https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.9.2.5050 absence of such guidance is the root cause of rule- invisible adapting discretion’s informal and character; formalising a subset of it would strengthen accountability without eliminating the operational flexibility that land border processing requires. Third, security-escalating discretion should be formally recognised as a legitimate professional competency, incorporated into officer performance frameworks, and made visible through a secondary inspection logging protocol. Currently, it occurs without systematic documentation, preventing the accumulation of the pattern intelligence that would make it analytically valuable. Fourth, infrastructure investment at Namanga and Busia should prioritise stable connectivity and reduced system downtime as security investments rather than administrative ones, directly addressing the structural condition from which system-compensating discretion arises.

    Between Security and Service: Immigration Officer Discretion, Institutional Compliance, and Biometric Border Management in Kenya · 2026 · DOI

  • The UN General Debate Corpus (UNGDC) is widely adopted in research on diplomatic affairs and economic topics, but few studies have used it to track how sustainability-related topics have changed over time.

    Sustainable Development at the UN: A 50-Year Overview of Themes and Trends in UNGDC · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) represents a global landmark in digital governance, yet the underlying political rationale structuring its provisions—securitization versus liberalization—remains underexplored.

    Securitizing the algorithm: a quantitative analysis of liberalization and securitization logics in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act · 2026 · DOI

  • This sort of post-deportation confinement is unprecedented, and especially egregious for the lack of evidence given for the designation of CECOT deportees as actual cartel members.

    The Securitization of the Migrant: CECOT and Restrictive Executive Policy · 2026 · DOI

  • Methodology: Drawing on the academic work of researchers from the states included, the study provides an insight into the private security sectors of Estonia, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, the UK and Canada, as well as the international activities of private military companies, which are scarcely regulated by international law, by presenting sometimes surprising or even instructive examples and practices from abroad.

    Magánbiztonságról határtalanul · 2023 · DOI

  • While the Copenhagen School outlined the workings of the securitisation mechanism and inspired further research into its dynamic together with analytical enquiries into other grammars, logics and security mechanisms operating in different sectors, the role of ‘the technical’ in the broader political processes remains under-researched.

    Technification and Securitisation: The Mechanism of ‘Rendering Technical’ in Polish Nuclear Energy Politics · 2023 · DOI

  • However, there are authors who cite both the definition of security advanced by Wolfers and the definition of it put forward by Lippmann, but they either do not mention the existence of connections between these definitions or take notice of them but do not investigate them, with the consequence that a thoughtful consideration of this problem is lacking.

    THE RELEVANCY OF WALTER LIPPMANN FOR ARNOLD WOLFERS’ UNDERSTANDING OF SECURITY · 2021 · DOI

  • Many of these changes occurred via what we characterize as formal administrative directives, a level of policy implementation that falls between high-level formal executive legal powers, such as executive orders or rules, and street-level discretion, pointing to the importance of processes such as memos and training as an understudied space of using burdens to make policy.

    Kafka’s Bureaucracy: Immigration Administrative Burdens in the Trump Era · 2021 · DOI

  • There are two parts to this research question: (1) why did virtually all other nations follow a radical lockdown protocol despite limited evidence to its effectiveness and (2) why did Sweden not follow this same protocol despite strong political pressures? The answers to these questions lie within typical government technocracy versus Sweden's constitutional separation of government and technocracy.

    Separation of power and expertise: Evidence of the tyranny of experts in Sweden's COVID‐19 responses · 2021 · DOI

  • It is still an open question as to whether this institutional attempt to achieve coordination of the foreign and security policy areas around of presidents authority will improve, or further complicate, China's long-standing coordination problem, and help to solve some current internal and external security policy challenges.

    CENTRAL NATIONAL SECURITY COMMISSION OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA · 2016 · DOI

  • Moving beyond such a discourse of consent, this article examines two examples of cultural interventions that seek to contest the growth of public surveillance, not as a problem limited to the violation of privacy rights but as a process that signifies the metastasizing weaponization of everyday life and the authoritarian circulation of fear.

    Saying Something: The Location of Social Movements in the Surveillance Society · 2011 · DOI

  • Against the widely held assumption that personal data protection legislation is insufficiently protective of ‘sensitive’ data relating to race or ethnicity, it explains instead why combating ethnic profiling has been made more difficult, rather than less, by an overly protective reading of the requirements of data protection laws.

    Ethnic Profiling: A Rising Challenge for European Human Rights Law · 2008 · DOI

  • Using two under-studied concepts from Foucault, the heterotopia and the confessionary complex, it is illustrated how contemporary aviation security arrangements are dependent on both the exceptional nature of the airport and the predisposition of citizens to confess in the face of agents of the state.

    Governmentalities of an Airport: Heterotopia and Confession · 2007 · DOI

  • However, several questions about the informational aspects of institutional behavior remain underexplored: What determines how audiences respond to institutional decisions? Through what channels does information provision affect foreign policy? To answer these questions, I develop a formal model motivated by recent literature on the informational effects of security institutions.

    International Security Institutions, Domestic Politics, and Institutional Legitimacy · 2007 · DOI

  • In his seminal book on Immigration, citizenship and national identity, Gerard Noiriel noted in 1988 that the history that analyzes the rationalization of administrative surveillance remains to be written.

    John Torpey : The invention of the passport. Surveillance, Citizenship and the State. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York 2000, 211 pages, ISBN 0 -521-63493-8 · 2001

  • Citizens increasingly encounter private guards rather than police officers in everyday settings, yet the boundary between reassurance and enforcement often remains unclear.

    Security Privatisation as Governance Assemblage · 2026 · DOI

  • In alignment with this critique, our study adopts an ontological security perspective to analyze the situations of Syrian refugees in Turkey post-earthquake, addressing a gap in the literature which has previously focused on the physical security aspects of Syrian refugees.

    Unsettled Ground, Unsettled Lives: The Ontological (In)securities of Syrian Refugees in the Shadow of Turkey’s 2023 Earthquake · 2024 · DOI

  • ” Despite human rights concerns and a lack of evidence linking the undisciplined to virus transmission, the narrative of cracking down on them garnered widespread approval.

    Securitisation, Scapegoat, Identity Politics: Why Did President Duterte Mark Record-High Approval Ratings Despite His Failure to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic? · 2024 · DOI

  • I argue that although these NRAs are convincing correctives to the risk perceptions of politicians and civil society, they are insufficiently reliable and representative for defining the scope and priorities of national security policies at large.

    A better foundation for national security? The ethics of national risk assessments in the Nordic region · 2022 · DOI

  • He assesses that the Slovenian Armed Forces are addressing suicidality in the Slovenian Armed Forces in a systemic way, while the police have not yet established such a system.

    EDITORIALINDIVIDUAL, STATE, SECURITY · 2021 · DOI

  • The study’s findings raise questions whether the lack of evidence and focus on human trafficking, framing of information, deflection of blame, and the use of same or similar information and euphemisms found in all reports have hindered progress in combating human trafficking.

    Discourse Analysis of International Reporting on Human Trafficking of North Koreans at the Border with China · 2020 · DOI

  • Political theorists who study ESMs are familiar with how such measures become instruments of discrimination and abuse, but the fundamental conflict ESMs pose for not just civil liberty but also democratic equality still remains insufficiently explored.

    Security and democratic equality · 2020 · DOI

  • The conceptualization of politicizing indigeneity as an ontological counter-securitization strategy of resistance has not been addressed in the available literature on securitization theory.

    Ontological Counter-securitization in Asymmetric Power Relations: Lessons from Israel · 2019 · DOI

  • We, the guest editors, together with Paweł Waszkiewicz at the University in Warsaw, wanted to fill a gap in research on surveillance, which had at that time not yet addressed post-communist societies to any great extent.

    Editorial: Surveillance from a Post-Communist Perspective · 2018 · DOI

  • Corporatization’s conceptual purchase and these issues are shown through exploration of emergent security arrangements in three under-researched, disparate realms with growing global presence: public police sponsorship, private residential urban security, and public corporate security.

    Corporatizing security through champions, condos and credentials · 2018 · DOI

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42 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,836 Global Security and Public Health papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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